Objective To establish and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis （MLVA） and automated ribotyping for subtyping of Citrobacter strains. Methods P...Objective To establish and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis （MLVA） and automated ribotyping for subtyping of Citrobacter strains. Methods PFGE protocol was optimized in terms of plug preparation procedure, restriction enzymes and configuration of electrophoretic parameters. MLVA method was evaluated by finding variable number tandem repeats in two genomes of Citrobacter strains. The ribotyping was performed by using the automated RiboPrinter system. Results We optimized the plug preparation procedure, focused on the cell suspension concentration （turbidity of 2.5 to 3.5）, SDS addition （no SDS needed） and lysis time （1 h）, and selected the appropriate restriction enzyme （Xbal） and the electrophoretic parameters （1.0 s-20.0 s for 19 h） of PFGE. There was nearly no discriminatory power of MLVA between Citrobacter strains. For 51 Citrobacter strains, automated ribotyping gave a D-value of 0.9945, while PFGE gave a D-value of 0.9969. Both PFGE and automated ribotyping clustered strains from the same sources （with the same species from the same place at the same time identified as the same source） and divided strains from different sources （from different years, places and hosts） into different subtypes. Conclusion PFGE protocol established in this paper and automated ribotyping are suitable for application in Citrobacter subtyping.展开更多
In order to develop a rapid and reliable method for B. cereus genotyping, factors influencing PFGE results, including preparation of bacterial cells embedded in agarose, lysis of embedded cells, enzymatic digestion of...In order to develop a rapid and reliable method for B. cereus genotyping, factors influencing PFGE results, including preparation of bacterial cells embedded in agarose, lysis of embedded cells, enzymatic digestion of intact genomic DNA, and electrophoresis parameters allowing for reproducible and meaningful DNA fragment separation, were controlled. Optimal cellular growth （Luria-Bertani agar plates for 12-18 h） and lysis conditions （4 h incubation with 500 μg/mL lysozyme） produced sharp bands on the gel.展开更多
目的研究福建省2008年至2010年公共场所空调冷却塔水及冷凝水中分离的嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型(LP1)及血清Ⅵ型(LP6)的基因特征。方法应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)技术对57株LP1型军团菌及15株LP6军团菌进行电...目的研究福建省2008年至2010年公共场所空调冷却塔水及冷凝水中分离的嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型(LP1)及血清Ⅵ型(LP6)的基因特征。方法应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)技术对57株LP1型军团菌及15株LP6军团菌进行电泳,并用BioNumerics(version 6.0,Applied Maths,Inc)软件包对其进行聚类分析。结果 57株LP1军团菌可分为40种PFGE型,菌株间相似性系数在24.107%～100.000%之间不等,大部分菌株的PFGE型别差异明显,无优势型别。不同地区分离的LP1军团菌既有差异较大的带型,也存在相同和相似的带型;相同地区,菌株间相似性系数存在差异,无优势菌株。15株LP6军团菌可分为12个不同的PFGE型别,菌株间相似性系数在27.87%～100.00%之间。结论 2008-2010年福建省公共场所空调冷却塔水及冷凝水中分离的LP1及LP6军团菌呈现基因多样性。展开更多
目的比较脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)与肠杆菌科基因间重复序列聚合酶链式反应(enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction,ERICPCR)检测鲍曼不动杆菌同源性的结果差异。...目的比较脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)与肠杆菌科基因间重复序列聚合酶链式反应(enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction,ERICPCR)检测鲍曼不动杆菌同源性的结果差异。方法分别采用PFGE和ERIC-PCR对我院院内分离的43株鲍曼不动杆菌进行分型检测。结果 43株鲍曼不动杆菌通过PFGE分型得出:A型22株、B型10株、C型3株、D型4株、E型2株、F型1株、G型1株;通过ERIC-PCR得出7种型别:Ⅰ型22株、Ⅱ型10株、Ⅲ型3株、Ⅳ型2株、V型3株、Ⅵ型1株、Ⅶ型2株。2种方法结果相符率为76.8%。我院鲍曼不动杆菌存在克隆株传播。结论 ERIC-PCR操作简便、结果可靠,与PFGE结果一致性高,2种分型方法均适合作为医院进行病原菌流行病学调查的分型检测手段。展开更多
Background The rise of the production of CTX-M class extended spectrum β-lactamases （ESBLs） has been well documented in traveling countries but no data are found for Macao, an international travel city. The objecti...Background The rise of the production of CTX-M class extended spectrum β-lactamases （ESBLs） has been well documented in traveling countries but no data are found for Macao, an international travel city. The objectives of this study were to identify the antimicrobial resistance pattern, and determine the prevalence, genotype and clonal relationship of ESBLs in 209 clinical Escherichia coli strains from Macao, China. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to determine the resistance patterns of the isolates using the disk diffusion method with 17 antimicrobial agents. Phenotypic detection was screened and confirmed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Genotypic characterization was detected by isoelectric focusing analysis, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. The clonal relationship between the different ESBL isolates was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）. Results Imipenem and meropenem exhibited 100% susceptible among 209 strains. Overall, 82.3%, 67.3%, 52.9%, 51.2% and 51.0% of the isolates displayed resistance to ampicillin, tetracylcline, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprin and gentamycin. The prevalence rate of ESBLs was 30.1%. Antibiotic resistances were found to be significantly higher among the ESBL producing group compared to non-ESBL producing group. We detected CTX-M-14 to be the major genotypic characterization of ESBLs （76.2%）. Two strains showed indistinguishable patterns by PFGE. Conclusions The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is alarming high in Macao. Antimicrobial resistance is significantly higher among the ESBL producing group. This study documented CTX-M-14 as the predominant ESBL type. Although indistinguishable pattern was found between two strains, it was too small to decide whether any of the investigated strains was epidemic. Our findings may be also pertinent for other geographic areas undergoing similar travel characteristics to understand the corresponding effects on bacterial populations.展开更多
目的了解肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7和其他O157大肠杆菌在浙江省动物、人群中的分布、流行以及PFGE分型、毒力基因携带状况。方法按全国O157∶H7监测方案在5-10月份肠道传染病高发季节,采集全省各地(市)肠道门诊腹泻病人粪便,进行O157大...目的了解肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7和其他O157大肠杆菌在浙江省动物、人群中的分布、流行以及PFGE分型、毒力基因携带状况。方法按全国O157∶H7监测方案在5-10月份肠道传染病高发季节,采集全省各地(市)肠道门诊腹泻病人粪便,进行O157大肠杆菌分离培养,并用免疫磁珠分离法对浙江省5个监测点的宿主动物进行O157∶H7分离培养、鉴定,可疑菌株以PCR法检测O157∶H7抗原、志贺样毒素(stx1和stx2)、粘附抹平因子(eaeA)及溶血素(hly)4种毒力基因。用脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulse field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)方法进行同源性分析,同时选择14种抗生素进行药敏试验,并将分析结果与本省首株患者粪便中分离的产志贺样毒素的O157∶H7菌株进行比较。结果全省5个监测点2006年共监测动物粪便标本2377份,分离到4株O157∶H7菌株,阳性率为0.17%;同时在绍兴、舟山肠道门诊腹泻病人粪便中分离到2株O157:H?菌株。4株O157∶H7菌株,stx2、Hly、eaeA均阳性,stx1均阴性;2株O157∶H?菌株仅1株携带eaeA毒力基因。脉冲场凝胶电泳分型显示,4株O157∶H7菌株分3个型,除金华地区2006年分离所得2株完全相似外,其它相同地区不同年代分离的O157∶H7菌株及相同年代不同地区分离的O157∶H7菌株则完全不相似。2株O157∶H?菌株1株PF-GE电泳条带降解,另1株与其它O157∶H7菌株电泳条带差异明显。结论浙江省大肠杆菌0157菌株在动物中以携带stx2毒力基因的O157∶H7菌株为主,但在腹泻患者中则以不带志贺样毒素的O157∶H?菌株为主。不同地区分离的O157∶H7菌株PFGE分型差异明显。羊、奶牛是携带stx2毒力基因的O157∶H7大肠杆菌的主要宿主。各级疾控应加强对宿主动物和腹泻病人大肠杆菌O157的分离监测和流行病学调查。展开更多
基金supported by the project (grant 2005CB522904 and 2005CB522905) from the Ministry of Scientific Technologythe project (grant 2008ZX10004-001, 2008ZX10004-008, and 2009ZX10004-101) from the Ministry of Scientific Technology and the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China
文摘Objective To establish and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis （MLVA） and automated ribotyping for subtyping of Citrobacter strains. Methods PFGE protocol was optimized in terms of plug preparation procedure, restriction enzymes and configuration of electrophoretic parameters. MLVA method was evaluated by finding variable number tandem repeats in two genomes of Citrobacter strains. The ribotyping was performed by using the automated RiboPrinter system. Results We optimized the plug preparation procedure, focused on the cell suspension concentration （turbidity of 2.5 to 3.5）, SDS addition （no SDS needed） and lysis time （1 h）, and selected the appropriate restriction enzyme （Xbal） and the electrophoretic parameters （1.0 s-20.0 s for 19 h） of PFGE. There was nearly no discriminatory power of MLVA between Citrobacter strains. For 51 Citrobacter strains, automated ribotyping gave a D-value of 0.9945, while PFGE gave a D-value of 0.9969. Both PFGE and automated ribotyping clustered strains from the same sources （with the same species from the same place at the same time identified as the same source） and divided strains from different sources （from different years, places and hosts） into different subtypes. Conclusion PFGE protocol established in this paper and automated ribotyping are suitable for application in Citrobacter subtyping.
基金supported by the National Special Fund for the Development of Major Research Equipment and Instruments(2012YQ09019706)from the Ministry of Science and Technologythe Priority Project on Infectious Disease Control and Prevention(2012ZX10004215 and 2008ZX10004-008)from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China
文摘In order to develop a rapid and reliable method for B. cereus genotyping, factors influencing PFGE results, including preparation of bacterial cells embedded in agarose, lysis of embedded cells, enzymatic digestion of intact genomic DNA, and electrophoresis parameters allowing for reproducible and meaningful DNA fragment separation, were controlled. Optimal cellular growth （Luria-Bertani agar plates for 12-18 h） and lysis conditions （4 h incubation with 500 μg/mL lysozyme） produced sharp bands on the gel.
文摘Background The rise of the production of CTX-M class extended spectrum β-lactamases （ESBLs） has been well documented in traveling countries but no data are found for Macao, an international travel city. The objectives of this study were to identify the antimicrobial resistance pattern, and determine the prevalence, genotype and clonal relationship of ESBLs in 209 clinical Escherichia coli strains from Macao, China. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to determine the resistance patterns of the isolates using the disk diffusion method with 17 antimicrobial agents. Phenotypic detection was screened and confirmed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Genotypic characterization was detected by isoelectric focusing analysis, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. The clonal relationship between the different ESBL isolates was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）. Results Imipenem and meropenem exhibited 100% susceptible among 209 strains. Overall, 82.3%, 67.3%, 52.9%, 51.2% and 51.0% of the isolates displayed resistance to ampicillin, tetracylcline, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprin and gentamycin. The prevalence rate of ESBLs was 30.1%. Antibiotic resistances were found to be significantly higher among the ESBL producing group compared to non-ESBL producing group. We detected CTX-M-14 to be the major genotypic characterization of ESBLs （76.2%）. Two strains showed indistinguishable patterns by PFGE. Conclusions The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is alarming high in Macao. Antimicrobial resistance is significantly higher among the ESBL producing group. This study documented CTX-M-14 as the predominant ESBL type. Although indistinguishable pattern was found between two strains, it was too small to decide whether any of the investigated strains was epidemic. Our findings may be also pertinent for other geographic areas undergoing similar travel characteristics to understand the corresponding effects on bacterial populations.
文摘目的了解肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7和其他O157大肠杆菌在浙江省动物、人群中的分布、流行以及PFGE分型、毒力基因携带状况。方法按全国O157∶H7监测方案在5-10月份肠道传染病高发季节,采集全省各地(市)肠道门诊腹泻病人粪便,进行O157大肠杆菌分离培养,并用免疫磁珠分离法对浙江省5个监测点的宿主动物进行O157∶H7分离培养、鉴定,可疑菌株以PCR法检测O157∶H7抗原、志贺样毒素(stx1和stx2)、粘附抹平因子(eaeA)及溶血素(hly)4种毒力基因。用脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulse field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)方法进行同源性分析,同时选择14种抗生素进行药敏试验,并将分析结果与本省首株患者粪便中分离的产志贺样毒素的O157∶H7菌株进行比较。结果全省5个监测点2006年共监测动物粪便标本2377份,分离到4株O157∶H7菌株,阳性率为0.17%;同时在绍兴、舟山肠道门诊腹泻病人粪便中分离到2株O157:H?菌株。4株O157∶H7菌株,stx2、Hly、eaeA均阳性,stx1均阴性;2株O157∶H?菌株仅1株携带eaeA毒力基因。脉冲场凝胶电泳分型显示,4株O157∶H7菌株分3个型,除金华地区2006年分离所得2株完全相似外,其它相同地区不同年代分离的O157∶H7菌株及相同年代不同地区分离的O157∶H7菌株则完全不相似。2株O157∶H?菌株1株PF-GE电泳条带降解,另1株与其它O157∶H7菌株电泳条带差异明显。结论浙江省大肠杆菌0157菌株在动物中以携带stx2毒力基因的O157∶H7菌株为主,但在腹泻患者中则以不带志贺样毒素的O157∶H?菌株为主。不同地区分离的O157∶H7菌株PFGE分型差异明显。羊、奶牛是携带stx2毒力基因的O157∶H7大肠杆菌的主要宿主。各级疾控应加强对宿主动物和腹泻病人大肠杆菌O157的分离监测和流行病学调查。
