New methanol maser lines at 72 → 63A^-(86.6 GHz) and 72 → 63A^+(86.9 GHz) together with two candidate methanol maser lines at 72 → 81A-(80.99GHz) and 72→81A^+(111.29GHz) have been detected in W3(OH). W...New methanol maser lines at 72 → 63A^-(86.6 GHz) and 72 → 63A^+(86.9 GHz) together with two candidate methanol maser lines at 72 → 81A-(80.99GHz) and 72→81A^+(111.29GHz) have been detected in W3(OH). We use a pumping mechanism, i.e., methanol masers without population inversion, to explain the formation of weak methanol masers of 72 → 81A^+ and 72→ 81A^-. We explain well why the line-shape of the transition 72 → 81A^+ is not typical. A similar argument can be applied to the A-type level system 72A^-, 63A^- and 81A^-, as well as to the 72 → 81A^- 80.99 GHz masers.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of the wind power resource in the Far North Region of Cameroon (FNR), based on modelling of daily long-term sate...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of the wind power resource in the Far North Region of Cameroon (FNR), based on modelling of daily long-term satellite-derived data (2005-2020) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in-situ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> wind measurements data (1987-2020). Five</span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">different reliable statistical indicators assessed the accuracy level for the goodness-of-fit tests of satellite-derived data. The two-parameter Weibull distribution function using the energy factor method described the statistical distribution of wind speed</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and investigated the characteristics of the wind power resource. Six 10-kW pitch-controlled wind turbines (WT) evaluated the power output, energy and water produced. A 50 m pumping head was considered to estimate seasonal variations of volumetric flow rates and costs of water produced. The results revealed that the wind resource in FNR is suitable only</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for wind pumping applications. Based on the hydraulic requirements for wind pumps, mechanical wind pumping system can be the most cost-effective option of wind pumping technologies in FNR. However, based on the estimated capacity factors of selected WT, wind electric pumping system can be acceptable for only four out of twenty-one sites in FNR.</span></span></span></span></span>展开更多
Numerical simulation of 3-D inner flow between Up-stream Pumping Mechanical Face Seals (UPMFS) faces was initially done by CFD software, which made the flow visualization come true. Simulation results directly disco...Numerical simulation of 3-D inner flow between Up-stream Pumping Mechanical Face Seals (UPMFS) faces was initially done by CFD software, which made the flow visualization come true. Simulation results directly discover the action of hydrodynamic lubrication, and by comparison with that of Conventional Mechanic Face Seals (CMFS), the advantage over bigger bearing capability, less friction and much less leakage are explained clearly. Otherwise there are also some different ideas and results from precedent analysis and computational research results: dynamic and static pressure profiles can be obtained respectively instead of the analytic total pressure distribution only, pressure distribution is nonlinear, while always be solved as linear, lower pressure is observed at the area of inner diameter caused by the grooves, but its possible cavitations effects to the performance of UPMFS still need further study.展开更多
A dynamic model with moving heat sources was developed to analyze the pumping mechanism of a valveless thermally-driven phase-change micropump. The coupled equations were solved to determine the pumping characteristic...A dynamic model with moving heat sources was developed to analyze the pumping mechanism of a valveless thermally-driven phase-change micropump. The coupled equations were solved to determine the pumping characteristics. The numerical results agree with experimental data from micropumps with different diameter microtubes. The maximum flow rate reached 33 μL / min and the maximum pump pressure was over 20 kPa for a 200-μm diameter microtube. Analysis of the pumping mechanism shows that the main factors affecting the flow come from the large density difference between the liquid and vapor phases and the choking effect of the vapor region.展开更多
Mechanically pumped two-phase loop(MPTL)which is a prominent two-phase heat transfer technology presents a promising prospect in thermal control for space payload.However,transient behavior of MPTL caused by phase-cha...Mechanically pumped two-phase loop(MPTL)which is a prominent two-phase heat transfer technology presents a promising prospect in thermal control for space payload.However,transient behavior of MPTL caused by phase-change and heat sources load-on/off in simulated space environment is rarely reported.In the present study,one MPTL setup was designed and constructed,and experimentally studied.Particularly,a novel two-phase thermally-controlled accumulator integrated with passive cooling measure and three capillary structures was designed as the temperature-control device.Dynamic behavior of the start-up,temperature control,and temperature adjustment were monitored;meanwhile,thermodynamic behavior within the proposed accumulator,the operating behavior as well as the heat and mass transfer behavior between the main loop and the accumulator were revealed.The results show that the fluid management function of the capillary structures for the novel accumulator is verified.The working point of the MPTL system can be adjusted by changing the temperature control point of the accumulator and it is little influenced by external heat flux and heat sources on/off.Pressure-drop oscillations which are manifested as fluctuations of temperature and pressure can be observed after phase changing due to the compressible volume within the accumulator and the negative-slope portion of the internal pressure.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘New methanol maser lines at 72 → 63A^-(86.6 GHz) and 72 → 63A^+(86.9 GHz) together with two candidate methanol maser lines at 72 → 81A-(80.99GHz) and 72→81A^+(111.29GHz) have been detected in W3(OH). We use a pumping mechanism, i.e., methanol masers without population inversion, to explain the formation of weak methanol masers of 72 → 81A^+ and 72→ 81A^-. We explain well why the line-shape of the transition 72 → 81A^+ is not typical. A similar argument can be applied to the A-type level system 72A^-, 63A^- and 81A^-, as well as to the 72 → 81A^- 80.99 GHz masers.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of the wind power resource in the Far North Region of Cameroon (FNR), based on modelling of daily long-term satellite-derived data (2005-2020) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in-situ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> wind measurements data (1987-2020). Five</span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">different reliable statistical indicators assessed the accuracy level for the goodness-of-fit tests of satellite-derived data. The two-parameter Weibull distribution function using the energy factor method described the statistical distribution of wind speed</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and investigated the characteristics of the wind power resource. Six 10-kW pitch-controlled wind turbines (WT) evaluated the power output, energy and water produced. A 50 m pumping head was considered to estimate seasonal variations of volumetric flow rates and costs of water produced. The results revealed that the wind resource in FNR is suitable only</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for wind pumping applications. Based on the hydraulic requirements for wind pumps, mechanical wind pumping system can be the most cost-effective option of wind pumping technologies in FNR. However, based on the estimated capacity factors of selected WT, wind electric pumping system can be acceptable for only four out of twenty-one sites in FNR.</span></span></span></span></span>
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No:50475122).
文摘Numerical simulation of 3-D inner flow between Up-stream Pumping Mechanical Face Seals (UPMFS) faces was initially done by CFD software, which made the flow visualization come true. Simulation results directly discover the action of hydrodynamic lubrication, and by comparison with that of Conventional Mechanic Face Seals (CMFS), the advantage over bigger bearing capability, less friction and much less leakage are explained clearly. Otherwise there are also some different ideas and results from precedent analysis and computational research results: dynamic and static pressure profiles can be obtained respectively instead of the analytic total pressure distribution only, pressure distribution is nonlinear, while always be solved as linear, lower pressure is observed at the area of inner diameter caused by the grooves, but its possible cavitations effects to the performance of UPMFS still need further study.
文摘A dynamic model with moving heat sources was developed to analyze the pumping mechanism of a valveless thermally-driven phase-change micropump. The coupled equations were solved to determine the pumping characteristics. The numerical results agree with experimental data from micropumps with different diameter microtubes. The maximum flow rate reached 33 μL / min and the maximum pump pressure was over 20 kPa for a 200-μm diameter microtube. Analysis of the pumping mechanism shows that the main factors affecting the flow come from the large density difference between the liquid and vapor phases and the choking effect of the vapor region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51806010)Shanghai Sailing Program,China(No.18YF1409100).
文摘Mechanically pumped two-phase loop(MPTL)which is a prominent two-phase heat transfer technology presents a promising prospect in thermal control for space payload.However,transient behavior of MPTL caused by phase-change and heat sources load-on/off in simulated space environment is rarely reported.In the present study,one MPTL setup was designed and constructed,and experimentally studied.Particularly,a novel two-phase thermally-controlled accumulator integrated with passive cooling measure and three capillary structures was designed as the temperature-control device.Dynamic behavior of the start-up,temperature control,and temperature adjustment were monitored;meanwhile,thermodynamic behavior within the proposed accumulator,the operating behavior as well as the heat and mass transfer behavior between the main loop and the accumulator were revealed.The results show that the fluid management function of the capillary structures for the novel accumulator is verified.The working point of the MPTL system can be adjusted by changing the temperature control point of the accumulator and it is little influenced by external heat flux and heat sources on/off.Pressure-drop oscillations which are manifested as fluctuations of temperature and pressure can be observed after phase changing due to the compressible volume within the accumulator and the negative-slope portion of the internal pressure.