Effects of Sodium Cyclohexyl Sulfamate on Growth and Development of Drosophila melanogaster

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster.[Methods]Different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate were added to the culture medium,and the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the development time and weight of D.melanogaster in various life stages were statistically analyzed.[Results]High concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate delayed the time of pupation and eclosion of D.melanogaster,which made D.melanogaster lose weight.The number of male D.melanogaster in the first generation was much larger than that of female individuals,which indicated that the effect of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on male D.melanogaster was greater than that of female individuals.In a word,high concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate significantly inhibited the growth and development of D.melanogaster.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference data for the research perspective of food additives and the safe use of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate.

Observation on Behavior of Chilades pandava

Chilades pandava is a dangerous insect pest of Cycas spp.,which seriously threatens the growth and development of Cycas plants.On the basis of previous studies,the paper summarized the behaviors of different insect states of C.pandava,such as feeding,flying,resting,mating,spawning,hatching,pupation,eclosion,etc.,in order to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of C.pandava.

Effect of the Variety of Fig Tree on Some Biological Parameters of Ceratitis capitata Wied, 1824 （Diptera： Trypetidae） in Some Orchards in the Kabylie

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. （1824） is one of the most important pest that can infest orchards if its spread is not controlled. Among the preventive measures recommended in the fight against this pest, we are interested in looking for varieties that are less favorable to the development of this pest among different varieties of fig trees in our region. The biological parameters of the fruit fly which were followed in this study are duration of pupation, rate of emergence, sex ratio and longevity of males and females. The results show that these parameters vary depending on the variety of fruit.

Gene expression during genital morphogenesis in the ground beetle Carabus maiyasanus

To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus,we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal segments and genitalia in the third(last)larval instar(including prepupa)and pupal stages.We identified 18839 genes,of which 10796 were differentially expressed among stages or between sexes.There were relatively few differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the sexes(3%).The DEGs were clustered into six groups,mainly according to stage-specific expression patterns.Genes in clusters 1-3 showed high expression levels before pupation and low expression levels during the pupal period,whereas genes in clusters 46 showed high expression levels from the prepupal to the pupal stages.Genes related to the initial pupation process and differentiation of genital discs in Drosophila were involved in clusters 4 and 6 and showed low expression levels at early third instar and elevated expression levels from the early prepupal stage,suggesting that the pupation process and genital differentiation started in the prepupal stage.Clusters 4 and 5 included developmental genes related to organ size control,which may be important in the formation of internal genital structures during the pupal stage.

Protease inhibitors in Bombyx mori silk might participate in protecting the pupating larva from microbial infection

Pupae inside cocoons rarely suffer from disease. It is apparent that some factors in the cocoon exert antimicrobial effects whereby the pupae inside can be protected from microbial infection. In the present study, we investigated the expression of cocoon protease inhibitors using immunoblotting and activity staining. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cocoon proteins in vitro was performed to characterize their roles in protecting the cocoon from microbial proteases. We found that some protease inhibitors, particularly trypsin inhibitor-like （TIL）-type protease inhibitors, can be secreted into the cocoon layer during the spinning process, thereby providing effective protection to the cocoon and pupa by inhibiting the extracellular proteases that can be secreted by pathogens.