Optimization purchase price and the profit policy undervendor managed inventory

The optimization policy of the purchase price and the profit under vendor managed inventory(VMI) is studied. For a salable product, supply chain mode of VMI is established, which is based on deterministic demand, having initial stock and having stock-out cost. With the further analysis of the mode, VMI is found to increase profits of the buyer in the short-term motivation. But VMI will reduce profits of the supplier under the matching condition. And in the short-term motivation, VMI will increase the purchase price to compensate the transfer cost of the supplier. As a result, the foundation of theory is provided to implement VMI in the supply chain, and have some definituded project significance.

Impacts of the Minimum Purchase Price Policy for Grain on the Planting Area of Rice in Hubei Province Based on a Mixed Linear Model

Impacts of the minimum purchase price policy for grain on the planting area of rice in Hubei Province were analyzed based on a mixed linear model.After the indicator system containing the minimum purchase price policy and other factors influencing the planting area of rice was constructed,principal component analysis of the system was conducted,and then a mixed linear model where the planting area of rice was as the dependent variable was established.The results show that after the exclusion of the interference from other factors,the minimum purchase price policy for grain had a positive impact on the planting area of rice in Hubei Province.That is,the minimum purchase price policy significantly stimulated the growth of rice planting area in Hubei Province.

Chinese Honey Positioning and Price Trend in Domestic Market

China's bee industry is a small proportion of domestic agriculture with fewer farmers, and the government didn't attach much attention to or give supports to it. Agricultural production sector does not fully recognize the economic value of honeybee pollination. Chinese beekeepers gain profits only from products such as honey, royal jelly and bee pollen. Because of the production mode that aims at gathering and producing more honey while neglecting the health care of bees and the quality of products; export enterprises lack guidance and knowledge in export inspection and quarantine and technical regulations, and thus, the average price of China's bee honey exports is much lower than that of other countries in the world. Meanwhile, in domestic market, given the sustained development of China's macro economy and increasing incomes of residents, people show increasing interests in the health care function of honey. Based on the survey data of honey market in Beijing, Hangzhou, Qingdao, Zhengzhou and Chengdu from 2012 to 2015, the paper analyzes the price feature of China's honey market and its formulation basis, and also compares prices of honey with the same quality in different markets. Moreover, the paper combines data from fixed observation places of honey products production, which is carried out by the economic research group of bee industry in 11 provinces, to discuss reasons for continuous honey price rising in domestic market. Lastly, the paper uses the honey as an example to analyze pricing strategy of agricultural products with health care functions. The paper hold the opinions that the keys to solve the problem that high quality agricultural material couldn't sell in high price and good and bad are mixed in the market, is to build up quality and price mechanism in the processing of raw material purchasing to the terminal market, publicize more products information and superior customer attractiveness on health care effect.

The Genoese Commune Massari＇s Ledger of 1340： The First Computer Modeling Experience and Its Results

Since 1865, the scholars from different countries have been studying the Genoese Massari＇s ledger of 1340. The authors have used a fundamentally new approach when studying this famous register. The authors have also analyzed the full-scale financial processes （from registering the expenses of the commune to their coverage by revenue） instead of analyzing some separate transactions which could prove the presence of the double-entry when registering each economic fact. This becomes possible as a result of the reconstruction of medieval entries and registers in the form of a modem account and the construction of the computer model of the whole ledger of 1340. The model of the system is formed according to seven summits of the revenue of the commune, which are distributed upon many factors of registered expenses and united into 17 reporting points. The special attention is paid to the date of the transaction. The authors have found many answers to some questions which were mysteries before. The explanation is given to the sales of goods below the purchasing price and to the exchange of money with significant losses.

Real Estate Evaluation in Germany

The real estate market is at risk to produce economic bubbles, which produce heavy financial losses while bursting. To flatten these bubbles, Germany tried since the 1960s a way of thorough analysis and high transparency of the real estate market as a public task. The experts from different professions in the local market effectively are included in a honorary form. The competition between the experts and also between the experts and the public institution is intentionally maintained.

A Generation Pricing Method with Capacity Bidding

Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI (electricity system industry) restructuring. An easy and simple electricity value equivalent (es EVE) method for day ahead pool purchase pricing of China is therefore presented in this paper. The es EVE method is different from two part and one part tariffs. It is more like the UK's method in form, but revised for China with some new concepts and procedure. The main contributions of it include: (1) Find two kinds of eigenvalue, namely EVEs, in an optimization model, (2) Define new concepts of virtual units and feasible region, (3) Twice merit orderings are employed successively to find marginal price. They are simple maximum and minimum comparison procedures and so on. The special economic significance of the method for China is discussed, and some suggestion for ESI restructuring based on es EVE method are provided. A case study is offered at the end of the paper.

Speeding Up Corporate Cost Cuts

According to recent figures from the National Bureau of Statistics,in October,the consumer price index,which gauges the overall cost of living,grew 2.1 percent in China,which was 0.2 percentage points higher than that in September.Furthermore,the producer price index,