盐间页岩油CO_(2)-纯水吞吐开发机理实验及开采特征

潜江凹陷页岩油储层储量丰富,其孔隙中富含多种可溶性矿物,采用CO_(2)-纯水吞吐进行开发,不仅能利用CO_(2)的超临界特性驱油,而且有利于提高CO_(2)在目的储层中的埋存,有效减少CO_(2)排放。但CO_(2)-纯水体系能否进入页岩微纳米孔隙,并有效动用孔隙中的原油是该方法能否实施的关键。通过设计CO_(2)、CO_(2)-纯水和CO_(2)-地层水的吞吐实验,基于核磁共振方法,明确了注CO_(2)、注CO_(2)-纯水和注CO_(2)-地层水组合的吞吐特征,总结了不同孔隙的原油动用规律和作用机理。实验结果表明:注CO_(2)-纯水体系比纯CO_(2)吞吐效率高8.62个百分点,比CO_(2)-地层水组合高12.66个百分点,CO_(2)-纯水组合形成的酸性流体会溶蚀孔隙表面的可溶性矿物,改善孔隙连通性,提高储层渗流能力,并且能有效提高小于0.01μm、0.01~0.10μm孔隙中的原油动用程度。多周期吞吐后,产出液中的离子物质的量浓度明显下降,表明后续注入纯水并未扩大波及体积,只是提高原油动用效率。该研究证实注CO_(2)-纯水体系可以有效提高页岩油藏采收率,为陆相页岩油有效开发提供新思路。

单一规模化深部卤水开采效率和越流风险评估

以江陵凹陷深部高矿化度富钾卤水层为例,通过建立多级砂泥岩互层模型,采用数值模拟的方法评估了不同泥岩隔层渗透条件下单一规模化的卤水开采效率、越流风险和区域压强的变化。结果表明:卤水开采效率受到泥岩隔层渗透性的显著影响,对于单一规模化的卤水开采,单井卤水日产量随着开采时间的延续降低迅速,难以保持卤水的高效开采;各水文地质单元之间发生强烈的越流补给,其越流补给量取决于泥岩隔层渗透性的强弱;无论泥岩隔层渗透性的强弱如何,单一规模化的卤水开采都会使得含水层的区域压强发生大幅度降低,容易诱发地面沉降,引发一系列环境地质问题。

Integrated controlling technique of ecological environment in Shendong Mining Area

To enclose the interactive relation between the underground mining with suitable protection for surface ecological environments and surface prevention of ecological environments adapting to mining disturbing was researched and developed core of this technique. There are three aspects of controlling ecological environments, to dispose and renew before exploitation, to protect surface ecological environments in the exploitative process and to repair and build up after exploitation. Based on the moving law of overburden strata in shallow seam, the surface subsidence law and the growth law of vegetation in subsidence mine area, the integrated controlling technique has been developed synthetically by methods of theoretic analysis, laboratory simulation, numerical calculation, commercial test etc.. It includes the key techniques of aquifer-protective mining, filtering and purging of mine water through goaf, preventing and extinguishing fire in shallow seam no-rock roadway layout and waste disposal in underground, frame-building ecological functional sphere before exploitation, frame-building the ecological cycle using system after mining and so on.