Quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption based on pure entangled states

This paper presents a scheme for quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption. The two authorized users use repeatedly a sequence of the pure entangled pairs （quantum key） shared for encrypting and decrypting the secret message carried by the travelling photons directly. For checking eavesdropping, the two parties perform the single-photon measurements on some decoy particles before each round. This scheme has the advantage that the pure entangled quantum signal source is feasible at present and any eavesdropper cannot steal the message.

Wigner Function：from Ensemble Average of Density Operator to Its Matrix Element in Entangled Pure States

We show that the Wigner function (an ensemble average of the density operator ρ, Δ is the Wigner operator) can be expressed as a matrix element of ρ in the entangled pure states. In doing so, converting from quantum master equations to time-evolution equation of the Wigner functions seems direct and concise. The entangled states are defined in the enlarged Fock space with a fictitious freedom.

Multiparty quantum secret conference based on quantum encryption with pure entangled states

We present a scheme for multiparty quantum remote secret conference （MQRSC） with pure entangled states, not maximally entangled multipartite quantum systems. The conferees first share a private quantum key, a sequence of pure entangled states and then use them to encode and decode the secret messages. The conferees exploit the decoy-photon technique to ensure the security of the transmission of qubits. This MQRSC scheme is more feasible and efficient than others.

Simple Procedure for Entanglement Transformation of Bipartite Pure States

An explicit procedure for transforming one bipartite entangled state into another via local operations and classical communication （LOCC） is presented. Our procedure is much simper than the previous ones in the sense that, it only involves two steps and the explicit expression of local general measurement used in the procedure can be obtained by solving a set of linear equations. Furthermore, this procedure is still applicable in high dimensional case.

Probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary pure state of two atoms

In the context of microwave cavity QED, this paper proposes a new scheme for teleportation of an arbitrary pure state of two atoms. The scheme is very different from the previous ones which achieve the integrated state measurement, it deals in a probabilistic but simplified way. In the scheme, no additional atoms are involved and thus only two atoms are required to be detected. The scheme can also be used for the teleportation of arbitrary pure states of many atoms or two-mode cavities.

Two-qubit pure state tomography by five product orthonormal bases

In this paper, we focus on two-qubit pure state tomography. For an arbitrary unknown two-qubit pure state, separable or entangled, it has been found that the measurement probabilities of 16 projections onto the tensor products of Pauli eigenstates are enough to uniquely determine the state. Moreover, these corresponding product states are arranged into five orthonormal bases. We design five quantum circuits, which are decomposed into the common gates in universal quantum computation, to simulate the five projective measurements onto these bases. At the end of each circuit, we measure each qubit with the projective measurement {｜0〉〈0 ｜,｜1〉,〈1｜ }. Then, we consider the open problem whether three orthonormal bases are enough to distinguish all two-qubit pure states. A necessary condition is given. Suppose that there are three orthonormal bases {B1,B2,B3}. Denote the unitary transition matrices from B1 to {B2,B3 } as U1 and U2. All 32 elements of matrices U1 and U2 should not be zero. If not, these three bases cannot distinguish all two-qubit pure states.

Separability of Pure States and Mixed States of the Quantum Network of Two Nodes

This article discusses the separability of the pure states and mixed states of the quantum network of two nodes by means of the criterion of no entanglement in terms of the covariance correlation tensor in quantum network theory, i.e. for a composite system consisting of two nodes. The covariance correlation tensor is equal to zero for all possible and .

Generation of Arbitrary Pure States for Three-dimensional Motion of a Trapped Ion

In this paper, we propose a scheme for generating an arbitrary three-dimensional pure state of vibrational motion of a trapped ion. Our scheme is based on a sequence of laser pulses, which are tuned to the appropriate vibrational sidebands with respect to the appropriate electronic transition.

Monogamous nature of symmetric N-qubit states of the W class: Concurrence and negativity tangle

Using Majorana representation of symmetric N-qubit pure states, we have examined the monogamous nature of the family of states with two-distinct spinors, the W class of states. We have evaluated the N-concurrence tangle and showed that all the states in this family have vanishing concurrence tangle. The negativity tangle for the W class of states is shown to be non-zero, illustrating the fact that the concurrence tangle is always lesser than or equal to the negativity tangle in a pure N-qubit state.

Perfect Quantum Teleportation via Bell States

Quantum mechanics shows superiority than classical mechanics in many aspects and quantum entanglement plays an essential role in information processing and some computational tasks such as quantum teleportation(QT).QT was proposed to transmit the unknown states,in which EPR pairs,the entangled states,can be used as quantum channels.In this paper,we present two simple schemes for teleporting a product state of two arbitrary single-particle and an arbitrary two-particle pure entangled state respectively.Alice and Bob have shared an entangle state.Two Bell states are used as quantum channels.Then after Alice measuring her qubits and informing Bob her measurement results,Bob can perfectly reconstruct the original state by performing corresponding unitary operators on his qubits.It shown that a product state of two arbitrary single-particle and an arbitrary two-particle pure entangled state can be teleported perfectly,i.e.the success probabilities of our schemes are both 1.

Degree of Entanglement and Violation of Bell Inequality by Two-Spin-1/2 States

Bell inequality is violated by the quantum mechanical predictions made from an entangled state of the composite system. In this paper we examine this inequality and entanglement measures in the construction of the coherent states for two-qubit pure and mixed states, we find a link to some entanglement measures through some new parameters （amplitudes of coherent states）. Conditions for maximal entanglement and separability are then established for both pure and mixed states. Finally, we analyze and compare the violation of Bell inequality for a class of mixed states with the degree of entanglement by applying the formalism of Horodecki et al.

基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论的最优量子控制(英文)

利用宏观领域中双线性系统的设计方法,结合纯态量子系统的数学模型具有双线性系统形式的特点,通过选定的系统控制的性能指标,采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,提出了基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论的量子系统最优控制策略;详细推导了最优控制律的设计过程;并在自旋1/2粒子上进行了系统仿真实验,结果验证了该方法的有效性,同时分析了不同参数的选择对系统控制效果的影响.

基于李雅普诺夫量子系统控制方法的状态调控

从多方面对基于李雅普诺夫的量子系统控制方法进行了系统深入地研究,包括该方法与最优控制的关系;李雅普诺夫函数与性能指标之间的关系;几种常用李雅普诺夫函数下的控制所能解决的问题,适用范围和所存在的问题等.在此基础上,结合量子系统本身所具有的特点,分别针对本征态,叠加态和混合态的制备与调控目标,总结出多种不同控制问题的改进方案.对不同改进方案的设计思想,所能解决的问题,物理意义及其适用范围等进行剖析,系统化了一套基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论对量子系统进行状态调控的设计方法.

量子纯态与混合态的几何代数分析

采用几何代数的方法对两能级量子系统的状态进行描述与特性分析,借助于量子系统的密度矩阵,对量子纯态和混合态的几何表示进行了详细的推导,对比Bloch矢量与几何代数的表示方法,给出2种表示法之间的对应关系。

逻辑系统的代数状态空间方法的基础、现状及其应用

逻辑系统指自变量只取有限个值的动态系统.包括2值的经典逻辑(或布尔逻辑)、k值逻辑、(一般)有限值逻辑.近年来,利用矩阵半张量积发展起来的逻辑动态系统的代数状态空间方法得到长足的进展和普遍的重视.同时,它被广泛应用于许多工程问题或理论研究中.它类似于Rn上由微分或差分方程描述的动态系统的Kalman状态空间方法,为逻辑系统的分析与控制设计提供了一个便捷的平台.本文首先对该方法作一简要介绍,然后,对该新兴学科分支的现状作一评述.最后,详细介绍该方法目前的应用以及其更广泛的应用前景.

孤立纯光子系统与背景辐射

从能量角度论述了孤立纯光子系统是不稳定的 .它与观测到的宇宙微波背景辐射的光子平衡态是截然不同的 .所以 ,正在膨胀着的宇宙不会来自一团“纯能量” .

基于隐李雅普诺夫量子控制的量子纯态调控

已有研究结果表明,在封闭量子系统中,当被控系统满足强正则条件以及内部哈密顿量所有不同于目标态的本征态和目标态直接连接时,能够根据基于状态偏差的李雅普诺夫控制方法设计控制律使控制系统渐近稳定,但当被控系统不满足强正则或至少有一个本征态不和目标态连接时,被称为退化情况,情况将变的复杂.首先提出基于状态偏差的隐李雅普诺夫控制方法来解决这两种退化情况的收敛控制问题,将目标态从本征态拓展到了任意纯态.并且,所提出的方法也可以被用于控制退化情况下的多控制哈密顿量子系统.其次,研究了基于状态偏差和状态距离的隐李雅普诺夫控制方法的关系.最后,通过进行控制系统的数值仿真实验来验证提出的控制方法的正确性和有效性,并对基于状态偏差和状态距离的隐李雅普诺夫控制方法的控制效果进行对比.

随机开放量子系统的纯态开关反馈控制

针对目标态为纯态的情况,本文对有限维随机开放量子系统,提出一种同时适用于本征态和叠加态的开关控制,它是由常量控制和基于李雅普诺夫方法设计的控制律组成,实现随机开放量子系统的状态转移和收敛控制,其中,李雅普诺夫函数为系统的状态距离,常量控制用来驱动系统状态从初始状态进入含有目标态的收敛域中,李雅普诺夫控制用来使进入收敛域中的状态继续收敛到期望的目标态.将所提出的控制方法,应用于2比特随机开放量子系统进行了数值仿真实验,并与本征态开关控制律方法进行了性能对比,实验结果表明了所提出的控制律的优越性.

Liquid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Implementation of Quantum Computation in Subspace

Based on the logical labelling method, we prepare an effective pure state in a subsystem of a three spin system via liquid nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Then with this subspace effective pure state we implement the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. The tomography for the subspace effective pure state and the corresponding spectrum of the output for the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm agree with theoretical predictions, which shows that we have successfully implemented the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm in a subsystem of a nuclear spin system and demonstrated a subspace quantum computation.

Entanglement Dynamics of Two Qubits Coupled to a Noise Environment

We study the time evolution of two two-state systems （two qubits） initially in the pure entangled states or the maximally entangled mixed states interacting with the individual environmental noise. It is shown that due to environment noise, all quantum entangled states are very fragile and become a classical mixed state in a short-time limit. But the environment can affect entanglement in very different ways. The type of decoherence process for certain entangled states belongs to amplitude damping, while the others belong to dephasing decoherenee.