多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定香蕉中氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯残留

建立了一种同时测定香蕉中氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯2种杀菌剂残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。香蕉样品用乙腈提取后,经多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯的质量浓度在0.005~0.2 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,定量限均为5μg/kg。2种杀菌剂在香蕉中3个添加水平下的平均回收率在74.7%~102%范围,相对标准偏差在0.1%~8.2%之间。与N-丙基乙二胺、十八烷基键合硅胶、石墨化炭黑等吸附剂相比,多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱具有更好的净化性能。该方法具有简便、准确度高、净化效果好等优点,适用于香蕉中氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯残留量的快速检测。

42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防效

[目的]探讨42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的田间防治效果。[方法]以10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,采用小区试验研究42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防治效果。[结果]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂在剂量为150.0~225.0 g a.i./hm2时,对番茄叶霉病的防治效果为83.37%~91.63%,与10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂120.0g a.i./hm^2对番茄叶霉病的防治效果无显著差异,但显著高于70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g a.i./hm^2的防治效果。[结论]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可广泛用于番茄叶霉病的防治。

6种杀菌剂防治草莓灰霉病的田间药效评价

探索了啶酰菌胺、唑醚·氟酰胺、嘧菌环胺、啶氧菌酯、腐霉利、嘧霉胺6种杀菌剂对草莓灰霉病的防治效果及对草莓的安全性,为药剂的推广应用提供依据。试验参照《农药田间药效试验准则》要求,进行了防治草莓灰霉病的田间试验,比较不同药剂对草莓灰霉病的防治效果。田间试验结果显示：啶酰菌胺、唑醚·氟酰胺、嘧菌环胺、啶氧菌酯4种杀菌剂对草莓灰霉病的防治效果达90%,腐霉利、嘧霉胺防治效果为74%~78%。啶酰菌胺、唑醚·氟酰胺、嘧菌环胺、啶氧菌酯4种杀菌剂防效优良,差异不显著。腐霉利、嘧霉胺防治效果较好,但防效不及上述4种杀菌剂。

杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹中的残留检测及膳食风险评估

为探究杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹上使用的安全性,在果桑花期喷施42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂(SC)不同浓度稀释液后,用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹中的含量,并研究两者在桑椹中的消解动态及膳食摄入风险。结果显示,UPLC-MS/MS检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.003 mg/kg和0.03 mg/kg,回收率为80.2%~106.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.01%~4.13%之间,表明检测方法可信;吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的消解动态均符合一级反应动力学方程,在桑椹中的消解半衰期分别为7.30~7.45 d和5.87~5.97 d,属易降解物质。用42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC 1000倍稀释液喷施桑树3次,每次间隔7 d,末次喷药后15 d检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹中的残留量,其对2岁及以上人群慢(急)性膳食摄入风险均小于100,不会对人体健康产生不可接受的风险。

42.5%吡唑嘧菌酯·氟唑菌酰胺SC对葡萄白粉病的防效

[目的]筛选能有效防治葡萄白粉病的药剂。[方法]在防治葡萄白粉病田间小区试验中，设8个处理，于病害发生初期每隔10d施药1次，共施3次，药前进行基数调查，每次药后10d调查病情指数和防治效果。[结果]42．5％吡唑嘧菌酯·氟唑菌酰胺SC使用剂量为2500和3000倍时，末次防效为78．6％和75．5％，与各对照药剂防效相当，对葡萄白粉病有较好的防治效果，且对葡萄安全。[结论]生产上使用42．5％吡唑嘧菌酯·氟唑菌酰胺SC2500～3000倍液可有效防治葡萄白粉病。

Does the Application of a Fungicide after a Herbicide Reduce Soybean Injury and Increase Yield?

A total of four field experiments were conducted during 2017, 2019 and 2020 in Ontario, Canada to determine if applying a fungicide 2 - 3 days after a herbicide, applied POST, reduces visible injury, increases crop vigour and increases yield of soybean. At 3 DAB (days after fungicide application), the POST application of glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr caused 0, 11%, 5%, 18%, 9% and 12% visible injury in soybean, respectively. The injury decreased over time with less than 5% injury at 8 WAB (weeks after fungicide application) in all treatments evaluated. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of herbicides evaluated did not reduce soybean injury. Soybean vigour with glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr applied POST without the fungicide application was 100%, 91%, 95%, 84%, 91% and 88%, respectively at 3 DAB. The soybean vigour increased over time to 95% - 100% at 8 WAB. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the herbicide application did not improve soybean vigour, except with thifensulfuron-methyl where soybean vigour was improved 6% when followed by pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad. There was no effect of herbicide and fungicide treatments on soybean yield except for thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr without the fungicide treatments which reduced soybean relative yield 7% and 10%, respectively. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of imazethapyr increased soybean yield 3%. Based on these results, applying pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad fungicide 2 - 3 days after glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon and cloransulam-methyl does not affect soybean injury, vigour or yield, but it can slightly enhance the vigour and yield of soybean when applied after thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr.

高效液相色谱法测定42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂

本文建立了高效液相色谱法测定42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂的含量,以乙腈+水为流动相、C_(18)色谱柱、柱温35℃、进样体积为20μL、DAD检测器,在波长为230nm和275nm条件下,对氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯进行定量分析,结果表明,在16~400mg/L范围内,氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯线性关系良好,线性相关系数R^2分别为0.999 7和0.999 9,相对标准偏差为0.38%和0.25%。在样品中的平均添加回收率为99.7%和99.6%。

人参中吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的残留分析及膳食风险评估

[目的]建立人参中吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的残留分析方法,分析2种农药在人参中的残留消解及最终残留量,评价其在人参上的安全性。[方法]样品中的吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺用乙腈提取,PSA、C18和GCB净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测。[结果]吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在鲜人参、人参干粉和植株中的平均回收率在76.7%~105.3%和75.0%~98.6%之间,变异系数在1.5%~4.5%和0.8%~6.6%之间,最小检出量为1.86×10^-4、3.87×10^-4 ng。吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在人参植株中的半衰期分别为0.2~8.4、19.7~21.8 d,在鲜人参中的最终残留量分别为0.010~0.139、0.010~0.248 mg/kg,在人参干粉中的最终残留量分别为0.010~0.203、0.011~0.535 mg/kg。吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在鲜人参中的估计慢性膳食风险商分别为7.62×10^-3和1.28×10^-2,在人参干粉中的估计慢性膳食风险商分别为4.65×10^-3和7.30×10^-3,均小于1。[结论]按照推荐施药方法,吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在人参中的慢性膳食风险为可接受水平,建议我国2种农药在人参上的MRL值分别为0.5、2 mg/kg。