The amino acids differences in epitopes may promote the different allergenicity of ovomucoid derived from hen eggs and quail eggs

Quail egg ovomucoid can inhibit activation of basophils and eosinophils,while hen egg ovomucoid has been shown to be a major allergen,named Gal d 1.At present,the differences in structure and function between two ovomucoid are unclear.We found the homology of ovomucoid in quail eggs and hen eggs reached77%.Compared with hen egg ovomucoid,the distribution of secondary structure was different in AA52-53,AA57-58,AA66-68,AA71-72,AA131-133,AA139-140,AA157-159 and AA184-185.Among 9 epitopes of egg ovomucoid,there were different amino acids from quail egg ovomucoid in 8 epitopes.Recombination quail egg ovomucoid had trypsin inhibition activity and quail egg ovomucoid didn't specifically bind to serum of eggs allergic patients.Quail egg ovomucoid can significantly inhibit RBL-2 H3 cells degranulation and protect cells morphology to a certain extent,indicating quail egg ovomucoid can inhibit cells activation and have potential anti-allergic effects,which is related to trypsin inhibitory activity.The difference in sensitization compare to hen egg ovomucoid may be due to amino acids differences affecting protein structure by changing antigenic epitopes.

Effects of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaf Meal on Performance, Carcass, Organs, Eggs and Meat of Japanese Quails

There are several reports on the utilisation of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets due to its essential bioactive compounds yet,little is known about its influence on Japanese quail eggs and meat qualities.Hence,the need to examine performance,eggs and meat qualities of Japanese quail hens fed M.oleifera leaf.To achieve this,240 Japanese quail chicks were allocated to three dietary treatments:D1:control,0.0%(without M.oleifera leaf meal),D2:(0.5%M.oleifera leaf meal)and D3:(1%M.oleifera leaf meal).Data on performance,carcass,organs,eggs and meat qualities were collected and subjected to ANOVA at 0.05.Results revealed that feed consumption was lowest(2,701g)in D1 and highest(2,800g)in D2,carcass weight varied from 100-100.67g,thigh weight(12.66-13.58g)and breast weight was highest(40.41g)in D3.Liver weight was lowest(3.25g)in D1,kidney was largest(0.91g)in D3 whereas,the heart,gizzard and spleen weights ranged from 1.00-1.16g,3.08-3.50g and 0.04-0.08g,respectively.In the eggs,crude protein(10.94%),crude fat(6.71%),ash(1.36%),high-density lipoprotein(96.12mg/100g)and low-density lipoprotein(120.67mg/100g)were highest in D1.Total cholesterol(364.08mg/100g)and triglycerides(147.27mg/100g)were least in D1 and the caloric value varied from 1.46-1.47kcal/g.In the meat,crude protein(17.14%)and energy value(1.96kcal/g)were best in D2 but,crude fat(12.62%),ash(2.85%)and carbohydrates(1.31%)were superior in D3.In both eggs and meat,no crude fibre(0.0%)was detected.In any case,all the parameter values were within the normal ranges given in healthy Japanese quails at similar age.Consequently,addition of M.oleifera leaf meal at 1.0%to Japanese quail diets might not depress performance,affect carcass quality,cause organs dysfunctions but may improve nutritional quality of the eggs and meat.

Quail Eggs With Fruit and Vegetables

Ingredients: 15 quail eggs, sliced carrots, fungus, rape or lettuce and cherries. Directions: 1. Boil the quail eggs and peel shells after cooled. 2. Fry the rape. 3. Arrange the peeled quail eggs, carrots slices, fungus and cherries on the plate with the rape.

Effect of the Quail Phenotype and Breeding Age on Egg Laying and Characteristics

In order to evaluate the effect of phenotype and quail age on laying rate and egg characteristics, a study has been carried out in Ngaoundéré from February to August 2019. 216 quails were divided into 36 batches of 6 animals each (5 females and 1 male) according to age and phenotype. The experimental animals were white, spotted white, grey and brown phenotypes and were one, six and ten months old. Eggs were collected for three weeks between 8 pm - 4 pm and 4 pm - 8 pm, counted, weighed and measured. 15 eggs per phenotype were randomly selected, broken individually, which allowed the internal parameters to be evaluated. The main results show that the quails laid more eggs between 4 pm - 8 pm, the highest laying rate was obtained in quails at one moth of laying and the spotted white phenotype had a high laying rate (74.03%) compared to other phenotypes. At one month of breeding age, quails with the spotted white phenotype showed a higher laying rate (93.34%), brown (78.75%) and grey (74%) at six months and finally white (71%) at ten months. Weight, height, diameter and egg shape index did not vary with the quail phenotype. The highest egg volume (12.60 ml) was found in white quails. The shells of white spotted quails were thicker than those of other phenotypes. Grey quails laid eggs with the highest Haugh’s index and proportion of edible matter. Brown quail eggs were found to have a higher proportion of dry yolk matter. Dry matter and moisture content of albumen did not vary with the quail phenotype. Considering the results obtained, it has been concluded that spotted white phenotype quails are more suitable for reproduction as they presented the best egg-laying proportions of edible matter.

基于脂质组学对5种常见禽蛋蛋黄脂质差异的研究

为研究鸭蛋、鹅蛋、鹌鹑蛋、鸽蛋及鸡蛋蛋黄所含脂质的差异,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱对5种禽蛋黄进行脂质组学分析。结果显示,共检测到6类、26个亚类的1303种脂类。鸭与鸽的蛋黄、鸡与鹌鹑的蛋黄脂质成分相近,鹅蛋与其他蛋黄脂质成分差异最大。鸡蛋黄鞘脂含量最丰富,鹌鹑蛋黄的甘油磷脂含量最高,鸽蛋黄甘油酯含量最低,鸭蛋黄及鸽蛋黄的甘油二酯与甘油三酯含量比值最高,鸭蛋黄及鸽蛋黄中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。与鸡蛋黄相比,其他禽蛋有33个脂质存在极显著差异(P<0.05、VIP≥1并且FC≥10或FC≤0.1)。研究表明,不同禽蛋黄含有的脂质存在显著差异,当对比甘油酯比例及ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量时,鸭蛋黄和鸽蛋黄较鸡蛋黄、鹅蛋黄、鹌鹑蛋黄有优势。

不同C_(18)固相萃取柱对鹌鹑蛋中6类兽药残留测定的影响研究

使用不同C_(18)固相萃取柱对鹌鹑蛋进行处理,通过对比基质效应、回收率、精密度的结果,评价不同C_(18)固相萃取柱对6类兽药残留测定情况的影响。结果表明,使用不同C_(18)固相萃取柱后,6类目标物质保留时间出峰一致,且目标物质峰形良好,净化效果基本一致。对同一种化合物的基质效应标准偏差均小于10%。3种不同浓度下,6类兽药的平均回收率为71.4%~116.1%,精密度为2.6%~15.5%,均满足使用效果。

不同水平的牛磺酸对蛋用鹌鹑生长、产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

试验旨在考察牛磺酸对蛋用鹌鹑生长、产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响。将1 800只1日龄鹌鹑分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复200只鹌鹑。各组鹌鹑日粮中分别添加0、100、300 mg/kg的牛磺酸。试验期共46周,分为两个阶段,第一阶段为0~6周,第二阶段为7~46周。结果显示,与对照组相比,日粮中添加300 mg/kg牛磺酸可显著降低生长期鹌鹑的料重比(P<0.05),显著提高产蛋期鹌鹑的产蛋率和哈氏单位(P<0.05),降低产蛋期鹌鹑料蛋比和破软蛋率(P<0.05);日粮中添加100 mg/kg牛磺酸可显著降低破软蛋率(P<0.05),但对平均日采食量、产蛋率、料蛋比等影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,牛磺酸对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能的影响与其添加量有关,添加量为100 mg/kg时作用效果不明显。

Comparison of Nutritional Composition of Bird Egg Varieties Found in Southern Nigeria: A Preliminary Study

This study was aimed at comparing nutrient composition of some bird eggs in their raw and boiled forms. The different varieties were exotic chicken, local chicken, turkey, quail and guinea fowl eggs. The eggs were shelled and their contents (boiled and raw) lyophilized. Standard AOAC methods were used for determination of proximate, mineral and vitamin compositions. Results showed the boiled eggs having higher nutrient concentrations than the raw eggs across all species. Guinea fowl egg had significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of protein, fat and most micronutrients. The eggs were rich in microelements, with guinea fowl egg having the best sodium-potassium ratio (0.66). Turkey eggs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher iron content in the raw and boiled samples (7.2 ± 0.09 mg/100g and 9.6 mg/100g, respectively). This study showed some “less-popular”/underutilized eggs having certain nutrients in significantly greater quantities;hence exploiting these may greatly improve diet quality and nutritional status of consumers.

Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes Essential Oil on Some Reproductive Parameters in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

To assess the effect of ginger rhizomes essential oil on some reproductive parameters of laying birds, 80 female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 3 weeks and weighing between 120 - 130 g were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. From 3 till 13 weeks, birds in group 1 (control) received distilled water orally (100 μl/kg body weight), while the other three test groups during the same period, received respectively by gavage 50, 100 and 150 μl of ginger roots essential oil per kg body weight. At 11 weeks old, eight birds per group in each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered, blood samples collected for analysis. On the other hand, the remaining females were maintained 3 with one untreated male in identical boxes per treatment, for fertility assessment, eggs characteristics and hatchability traits. Throughout the experiment, biochemical parameters, eggs characteristics, fertility and hatchability traits were analyzed. No significant change (p > 0.05) was observed during the experimental period for body and relative ovary weights. Contrary, the relative uterus weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in dose-dependent manner. The level of serum total proteins, LH, FSH and estradiol significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Also, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, total hatchability and chick’s weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in birds received 100 and 150 μl/kg b.w compared to those of control group. On the other hand, embryonic mortality decreased significantly (p < 0.05) whatever the ginger rhizomes essential oil dose. It was concluded that ginger rhizomes essential oil enhances bird reproductive performances, proteins and reproductive hormone levels and hatchability traits in treated female quails.

富硒蚯蚓粉对芦丁鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、硒沉积及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加富硒蚯蚓粉对芦丁鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及组织硒沉积的影响。试验选用160只体重接近、健康状态良好的芦丁鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。LJ0组(对照组)芦丁鸡饲喂基础日粮,LJ1组、LJ2组、LJ3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%富硒蚯蚓粉(硒含量为112 mg/kg)。预试期7d,正式试验期28 d。结果显示,与LJ0组相比,各试验组芦丁鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率显著增加(P<0.05),LJ2组、LJ3组芦丁鸡的平均日采食量显著升高(P<0.05)。各组蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋黄指数、蛋黄重、蛋黄相对重和蛋壳厚度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。与LJ0组相比,各试验组鸡蛋和肌肉中的总硒、无机硒和有机硒含量均极显著提高(P<0.01);鸡蛋中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著提高(P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。研究表明,在芦丁鸡日粮中添加1.0%富硒蚯蚓粉效果较好,能够在一定程度上提升芦丁鸡产蛋性能、鸡蛋抗氧化性性能以及组织硒沉积。

鹌鹑GnRH-1基因多态性与蛋品质的关联分析

为探索促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)基因亚型GnRH-1基因与鹌鹑蛋品质的相关性,利用PCR扩增和DNA测序技术,检测GnRH-1基因在中国黄羽鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)突变位点,并分析GnRH-1基因的多态性与鹌鹑蛋品质的关联性,以期获得鹌鹑蛋品质相关的分子标记,为蛋用鹌鹑新品系的培育提供参考。结果表明,GnRH-1基因在中国黄羽鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑中检测到14个SNP突变位点,分别为C71T、C108T、C168T、C178T、A184G、C206T、A209C、C215T、A252G、A279T、C281T、C293G、C339T、C458T,除A209C和C281T在中国黄羽鹌鹑和北京白羽鹌鹑中只检测到2种基因型外,其他12个SNP位点在3个鹌鹑品种中均检测到3种基因型。关联分析表明,GnRH-1基因的C71T、C215T、A209C、A279G位点与鹌鹑的蛋黄高度和蛋黄指数有显著(P<0.05)相关性,A209C位点与鹌鹑的蛋黄宽度有显著(P<0.05)相关性,A279G位点与鹌鹑的蛋壳厚度有显著(P<0.05)相关性。综上所述,GnRH-1基因可以作为影响鹌鹑蛋品质的分子标记或候选基因。

左旋肉碱对产蛋高峰期鹌鹑生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为了研究左旋肉碱对蛋用鹌鹑的产蛋性能、蛋品质以及血液生化指标的影响,试验选用600只29周龄的黄羽蛋用鹌鹑,采用单因素随机区组设计,分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只。其中对照组鹌鹑饲喂基础日粮,试验组分为试验1、2、3组,分别在基础日粮基础上添加左旋肉碱20、40、80 mg/kg,饲养期35 d。记录并统计各组日采食量、料蛋比、产蛋率,并测定蛋组成及各项血液生化指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组鹌鹑采食量极显著提高(P<0.01),产蛋率和料蛋比差异不显著(P>0.05)。在蛋品质方面,试验1、2、3组蛋黄颜色相比对照组极显著改善(P<0.01),蛋白品质差异不显著(P>0.05)。对蛋壳强度无显著影响(P>0.05),但有降低蛋壳厚度的趋势(P<0.01)。对蛋重等其他蛋组成指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。各组间血液指标方面无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明在日粮中添加左旋肉碱提高了蛋用鹌鹑的采食量,改善了蛋黄颜色,虽然存在降低蛋壳厚度的可能性,但对蛋壳强度无影响,其中以添加20 mg/kg左旋肉碱效果最佳。

鹌鹑蛋中7种重金属元素含量及风险评估

【目的】为探究市售鹌鹑蛋中重金属元素对人体健康的影响。【方法】使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICPOES)测定包头市市售鹌鹑蛋蛋黄中的Pb、Cd、As、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 7种重金属含量,并根据国家标准通过单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对样品中的重金属元素进行评价,采用蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)模型计算风险商(THQ)、总风险商(TTHQ)评估了相关人类健康风险。【结果及结论】(1)鹌鹑蛋蛋黄中Pb超标率为100%,超过国家限量标准2.7倍。As总超标率为12%。(2)鹌鹑蛋总体受到轻污染,主要由Pb污染引起,(3)鹌鹑蛋对人体健康存在一定的健康风险,除As(THQ>1)外,其余6种元素的THQ<1,总体的TTHQ>1,复合风险主要由As引起;总健康风险值:儿童>女性>男性>1。

超声波、微波辅助萃取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂的研究

探索超声波、微波辅助萃取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂工艺条件,在单因素水平试验基础上进行正交试验优化工艺条件。结果表明:超声波萃取最佳工艺为V(乙醇):V(乙醚)=2:1,溶剂用量为4倍蛋黄体积,萃取时间30 min,萃取2次,萃取率达87.5%;微波萃取最佳工艺为萃取液用体积分数95%乙醇,pH值8.5,料液比1:4,辐射功率650W,辐射时间40s,萃取率为88%。

鸡蛋、乌鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋营养成分的测定比较

禽蛋是人们生活中的重要营养源,是天然食物中最理想的蛋白质。本试验测定了鸡蛋、乌鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋中的水分、脂肪、蛋白质、磷脂、胆固醇、维生素B2和氨基酸的含量,通过数据对比分析,得到如下结果:乌鸡蛋具有较高的营养价值,鹌鹑蛋由于含有很高的胆固醇,并不适合老年人的食用。鸡蛋的蛋白质、磷脂和氨基酸含量均低于乌鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋,其营养价值最低。

超声波辅助提取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂研究

实验探索超声波辅助提取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂的工艺条件,考察溶剂组成、溶剂用量、提取时间及提取次数等因素对提取效果的影响,通过正交试验考察主要因素间的交互作用并优化工艺条件。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:乙醇:乙醚=2:1,溶剂用量为4倍蛋黄体积,提取时间30min,提取2次,提取率达87.5%,卵磷脂纯度70.3%。该法操作简单、提取率高、溶剂残留少,为提取鹌鹑蛋黄卵磷脂的可行方法。

加工条件对烤制鹌鹑蛋挥发性风味物质的影响

以鹌鹑蛋为原料,采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱相结合的方法对不同烤制条件下鹌鹑蛋熟制品挥发性风味物质进行分析和研究。应用"相对气味活度值(ROAV)"评价各个成分对烤制鹌鹑蛋总体风味的贡献程度。结果表明,对烤制鹌鹑蛋风味贡献作用最大的主要是1-辛烯-3-醇、乙酸异戊酯、碳原子数在10个以下的饱和或者不饱和的脂肪醛等。随着温度的升高和烤制时间的延长,醛类的含量基本都增多,乙酸异戊酯的含量减少,杂环类含量呈现先增多后减少的趋势。不同温度、不同时间烤制的鹌鹑蛋风味有共同之处,同时也具有一定的差异。