This paper firstly introduces the general situation of cotton planting areas in China and cotton industry in Xinjiang,and the current situation of intellectual property protection of Xinjiang's cotton industry.The...This paper firstly introduces the general situation of cotton planting areas in China and cotton industry in Xinjiang,and the current situation of intellectual property protection of Xinjiang's cotton industry.Then,it analyzes the main problems in its intellectual property protection and high-quality development.On this basis,it comes up with the recommendations for high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property.The recommendations include improving the level of creation of creative intellectual property rights,building an intellectual property rule system in the entire cotton industry chain in Xinjiang,building protected zones for production of major high quality agricultural product cotton,establishing a demonstration zone to undertake the transfer of the domestic cotton textile and garment industry,undertaking education on the sense of community for the Chinese nation in response to the Xinjiang cotton incident,and developing the"Belt and Road"blue market for Xinjiang cotton and its products.展开更多
Dump sites pose a significant threat to groundwater resources due to the possibility of leachate leakage into the aquifer.This study investigated the impact of leachate on groundwater quality in the southwest region o...Dump sites pose a significant threat to groundwater resources due to the possibility of leachate leakage into the aquifer.This study investigated the impact of leachate on groundwater quality in the southwest region of Zanjan City,Iran,where groundwater is utilized for drinking,agricultural,and industrial purposes.We analyzed 18 parameters of dump site leachate,including physicochemical,heavy metals,and bacterial properties,alongside 13 groundwater samples.Sampling was conducted twice,in November 2020 and June 2021,within a five-kilometer radius of the Zanjan dump site.We utilized the Leachate Pollution Index(LPI)to evaluate potential groundwater contamination by leachate leakage from nearby dumpsite.Additionally,due to the predominant agricultural activities in the study area,various indices were employed to assess groundwater quality for agricultural purposes,such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio(SAR),Soluble Sodium Index(SSI),Kelly Ratio(KR),and Permeability Index(PI).Our analysis revealed no observed contamination related to leachate in the study area according to the LPI results.However,with the persistent pollution threat,implementing sanitary measures at the dump site is crucial to prevent potential impacts on groundwater quality.Moreover,the assessment of groundwater quality adequacy for irrigation yielded satisfactory results for SAR,KR,and PI indices.However,during both the dry(November 2020)and wet seasons(June 2021),the SSP index indicated that 80%of the samples were not classified as excellent,suggesting groundwater may not be suitable for agriculture.Overal,our qualitative study highlights the significant impact of the dry season on groundwater quality in the study area,attributed to elevated concentration levels of the investigated parameters within groundwater sources during the dry season.展开更多
The quality and safety crisis of agricultural products on the one hand is the crisis of harm of agricultural products,and on the other hand is the crisis of information dissemination. This paper analyzed the character...The quality and safety crisis of agricultural products on the one hand is the crisis of harm of agricultural products,and on the other hand is the crisis of information dissemination. This paper analyzed the characteristics of content of the quality and safety crisis information of tropical agricultural products. On the basis of these characteristics,it came up with strategies and recommendations for solving the problems of quality and safety of tropical agricultural products,including establishing the emergency response system for quality and safety crisis of tropical agricultural products,bringing into play the social responsibilities of scientific research institutions,and bringing into play authoritative effect of scientific experts.展开更多
Ecological animal husbandry is an animal husbandry industry system integrating ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Breeding cycle is one of the main patterns of ecological animal husbandry develop...Ecological animal husbandry is an animal husbandry industry system integrating ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Breeding cycle is one of the main patterns of ecological animal husbandry development, but breeding cycle does not form a relatively closed cycle of endogenous resources. In recent years, forage value and ecological value of mulberry have made some progresses in different research areas and angles, but the thought and practice of both forage and ecological value of mulberry has not been systematically interpreted and researched. Based on the short board of animal husbandry development and the advan- tage of mulberry, animal husbandry and mulberry were complemented and fused, and relatively closed planting and raising ecological recycling pattern with mulberry as the axis was raised. Phased scientific research and production test data were obtained, and the problems and development suggestions were put forward in the following aspects : selection of mulberry varieties with both forage and ecological value, cost control of mulberry with both forage and ecological value, quality and safety control system of forage mulberry, orientation of feeding value of forage mulberry.展开更多
Phosphorus(P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice(O...Phosphorus(P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils(Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province) with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P(control), 30 kg P ha^(–1) for rice and 20 kg P ha^(–1) for wheat(P_(30+20)), 75 plus 40(P_(75+40)), and 150 plus 80(P_(150+80)), were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates(P〈0.0001). Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha^–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha^–1 in P150+80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg h^–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha^–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated(P〈0.0001) with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal(20–30 kg P ha^–1 in this study) and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems.展开更多
We have developed a personal-computer-based water quality analysis system for river basins. The system estimates potential N outflow by model and calculates actual N outflow from monitoring data. For the former it use...We have developed a personal-computer-based water quality analysis system for river basins. The system estimates potential N outflow by model and calculates actual N outflow from monitoring data. For the former it uses the potential load factor method to estimate annual nitrogen load from various sources and runoff potential from each area of land in a basin. For the latter it analyzes water quality monitoring data in relation to meteorological data. We used the system to analyze N outflow in basins around Lake Kasumigaura and the Yahagi River in central Honshu, Japan. The land around Lake Kasumigaura is rather flat, and about 25% is periodically flooded for rice and lotus cultivation. The land around the Yahagi River is mountainous, and much less land is flooded. In the Yahagi River basin the actual N outflow agreed closely with the potential. However, the actual N outflow in the basin around Lake Kasumigaura was much less than the potential, suggesting that a large part of the N load is denitrified in flooded soils. This further indicates that a sequence of different land uses including flooded rice fields is an important factor determining N outflow in basins in Japan. On the basis of the above analyses, we incorporated a denitrification model into the system that enables us to estimate N balance in a designated basin;this system may be helpful in the formulation of scenarios of land use andsoil management for improving water quality.展开更多
This study presents the mass concentrations of PM(2.5),O3,SO2 and NOxat one urban,one suburban and two rural locations in the Changchun region from September 25 to October 272013. Major chemical components of PM(2....This study presents the mass concentrations of PM(2.5),O3,SO2 and NOxat one urban,one suburban and two rural locations in the Changchun region from September 25 to October 272013. Major chemical components of PM(2.5)at the four sites were daily sampled and analyzed. Most of daily concentrations of SO2(7–82 μg/m^3),O3(27–171 μg/m^3) and NOx(14–213 μg/m^3) were below the limits of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard(NAAQS)in China. However,PM(2.5)concentrations(143–168 μg/m^3) were 2-fold higher than NAAQS.Higher PM(2.5)concentrations(~ 150 μg/m^3) were measured during the pre-harvest and harvest at the urban site,while PM(2.5)concentrations significantly increased from 250 to400 μg m^(-3) at suburban and rural sites with widespread biomass burning. At all sites,PM(2.5)components were dominated by organic carbon(OC) and followed by soluble component sulfate(SO4^(2-)),ammonium(NH4~+) and nitrate(NO3^-). Compared with rural sites,urban site had a higher mineral contribution and lower potassium(K~+and K) contribution to PM(2.5).Severe atmospheric haze events that occurred from October 21 to 23 were attributed to strong source emissions(e.g.,biomass burning) and unfavorable air diffusion conditions.Furthermore,coal burning originating from winter heating supply beginning on October 18 increased the atmospheric pollutant emissions. For entire crop harvest period,the Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) analysis indicated five important emission contributors in the Changchun region,as follows: secondary aerosol(39%),biomass burning(20%),supply heating(18%),soil/road dust(14%) and traffic(9%).展开更多
基金Supported by Foundation for Key Program of Hubei Province (LX201827)
文摘This paper firstly introduces the general situation of cotton planting areas in China and cotton industry in Xinjiang,and the current situation of intellectual property protection of Xinjiang's cotton industry.Then,it analyzes the main problems in its intellectual property protection and high-quality development.On this basis,it comes up with the recommendations for high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property.The recommendations include improving the level of creation of creative intellectual property rights,building an intellectual property rule system in the entire cotton industry chain in Xinjiang,building protected zones for production of major high quality agricultural product cotton,establishing a demonstration zone to undertake the transfer of the domestic cotton textile and garment industry,undertaking education on the sense of community for the Chinese nation in response to the Xinjiang cotton incident,and developing the"Belt and Road"blue market for Xinjiang cotton and its products.
文摘Dump sites pose a significant threat to groundwater resources due to the possibility of leachate leakage into the aquifer.This study investigated the impact of leachate on groundwater quality in the southwest region of Zanjan City,Iran,where groundwater is utilized for drinking,agricultural,and industrial purposes.We analyzed 18 parameters of dump site leachate,including physicochemical,heavy metals,and bacterial properties,alongside 13 groundwater samples.Sampling was conducted twice,in November 2020 and June 2021,within a five-kilometer radius of the Zanjan dump site.We utilized the Leachate Pollution Index(LPI)to evaluate potential groundwater contamination by leachate leakage from nearby dumpsite.Additionally,due to the predominant agricultural activities in the study area,various indices were employed to assess groundwater quality for agricultural purposes,such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio(SAR),Soluble Sodium Index(SSI),Kelly Ratio(KR),and Permeability Index(PI).Our analysis revealed no observed contamination related to leachate in the study area according to the LPI results.However,with the persistent pollution threat,implementing sanitary measures at the dump site is crucial to prevent potential impacts on groundwater quality.Moreover,the assessment of groundwater quality adequacy for irrigation yielded satisfactory results for SAR,KR,and PI indices.However,during both the dry(November 2020)and wet seasons(June 2021),the SSP index indicated that 80%of the samples were not classified as excellent,suggesting groundwater may not be suitable for agriculture.Overal,our qualitative study highlights the significant impact of the dry season on groundwater quality in the study area,attributed to elevated concentration levels of the investigated parameters within groundwater sources during the dry season.
基金Supported by Special Project of Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630012015021)Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(714282)
文摘The quality and safety crisis of agricultural products on the one hand is the crisis of harm of agricultural products,and on the other hand is the crisis of information dissemination. This paper analyzed the characteristics of content of the quality and safety crisis information of tropical agricultural products. On the basis of these characteristics,it came up with strategies and recommendations for solving the problems of quality and safety of tropical agricultural products,including establishing the emergency response system for quality and safety crisis of tropical agricultural products,bringing into play the social responsibilities of scientific research institutions,and bringing into play authoritative effect of scientific experts.
基金Supported by Agricultural Finance Project of Chongqing Agriculture Committee(15403)
文摘Ecological animal husbandry is an animal husbandry industry system integrating ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Breeding cycle is one of the main patterns of ecological animal husbandry development, but breeding cycle does not form a relatively closed cycle of endogenous resources. In recent years, forage value and ecological value of mulberry have made some progresses in different research areas and angles, but the thought and practice of both forage and ecological value of mulberry has not been systematically interpreted and researched. Based on the short board of animal husbandry development and the advan- tage of mulberry, animal husbandry and mulberry were complemented and fused, and relatively closed planting and raising ecological recycling pattern with mulberry as the axis was raised. Phased scientific research and production test data were obtained, and the problems and development suggestions were put forward in the following aspects : selection of mulberry varieties with both forage and ecological value, cost control of mulberry with both forage and ecological value, quality and safety control system of forage mulberry, orientation of feeding value of forage mulberry.
基金funded by the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201003014)
文摘Phosphorus(P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils(Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province) with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P(control), 30 kg P ha^(–1) for rice and 20 kg P ha^(–1) for wheat(P_(30+20)), 75 plus 40(P_(75+40)), and 150 plus 80(P_(150+80)), were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates(P〈0.0001). Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha^–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha^–1 in P150+80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg h^–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha^–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated(P〈0.0001) with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal(20–30 kg P ha^–1 in this study) and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems.
文摘We have developed a personal-computer-based water quality analysis system for river basins. The system estimates potential N outflow by model and calculates actual N outflow from monitoring data. For the former it uses the potential load factor method to estimate annual nitrogen load from various sources and runoff potential from each area of land in a basin. For the latter it analyzes water quality monitoring data in relation to meteorological data. We used the system to analyze N outflow in basins around Lake Kasumigaura and the Yahagi River in central Honshu, Japan. The land around Lake Kasumigaura is rather flat, and about 25% is periodically flooded for rice and lotus cultivation. The land around the Yahagi River is mountainous, and much less land is flooded. In the Yahagi River basin the actual N outflow agreed closely with the potential. However, the actual N outflow in the basin around Lake Kasumigaura was much less than the potential, suggesting that a large part of the N load is denitrified in flooded soils. This further indicates that a sequence of different land uses including flooded rice fields is an important factor determining N outflow in basins in Japan. On the basis of the above analyses, we incorporated a denitrification model into the system that enables us to estimate N balance in a designated basin;this system may be helpful in the formulation of scenarios of land use andsoil management for improving water quality.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41205106,41275158)
文摘This study presents the mass concentrations of PM(2.5),O3,SO2 and NOxat one urban,one suburban and two rural locations in the Changchun region from September 25 to October 272013. Major chemical components of PM(2.5)at the four sites were daily sampled and analyzed. Most of daily concentrations of SO2(7–82 μg/m^3),O3(27–171 μg/m^3) and NOx(14–213 μg/m^3) were below the limits of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard(NAAQS)in China. However,PM(2.5)concentrations(143–168 μg/m^3) were 2-fold higher than NAAQS.Higher PM(2.5)concentrations(~ 150 μg/m^3) were measured during the pre-harvest and harvest at the urban site,while PM(2.5)concentrations significantly increased from 250 to400 μg m^(-3) at suburban and rural sites with widespread biomass burning. At all sites,PM(2.5)components were dominated by organic carbon(OC) and followed by soluble component sulfate(SO4^(2-)),ammonium(NH4~+) and nitrate(NO3^-). Compared with rural sites,urban site had a higher mineral contribution and lower potassium(K~+and K) contribution to PM(2.5).Severe atmospheric haze events that occurred from October 21 to 23 were attributed to strong source emissions(e.g.,biomass burning) and unfavorable air diffusion conditions.Furthermore,coal burning originating from winter heating supply beginning on October 18 increased the atmospheric pollutant emissions. For entire crop harvest period,the Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) analysis indicated five important emission contributors in the Changchun region,as follows: secondary aerosol(39%),biomass burning(20%),supply heating(18%),soil/road dust(14%) and traffic(9%).