A determination of the quality of life of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents

Objective: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness which can have a negative effect on the health care and development of children and can put their lives in danger. This descriptive study aimed to determine the quality of life and the factors affecting it of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).Methods: The study was conducted in the Child Endocrinology Unit of a University Hospital in Bursa, Turkey. Totally 64 children eight-12 years and 85 adolescents aged 13-18 with type 1 diabetes and their parents were recruited. HbA1c measurements were obtained from the records of the endocrinology clinicare, which were made once every three months, and the average of the last three measurements was taken in the study. The PedsQL was used to measure quality of life of the children and adolescents. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and P<0.05 was considered significant. The demographic data of the children and parents were analyzed using means and percentiles. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between two averages. Results: Of the sub-groups on the scale, affective and school function scores were somewhat low, and social function scores were high. The quality of life scores of the children and adolescents were found to correlate with those of their parents. A negative correlation was found between HbA1c levels and adolescent quality of life, a positive correlation was found between the child's age and the quality of life of the child and parents, and a negative correlation was found between the number of children in the family and the quality of life of the child and parents. Conclusions: An evaluation of the quality of life after a diagnosis of diabetes can be used to assess the problems which may be faced by children and adolescents and to combat these problems.

A Study to Assess the Psychosocial Problems and Quality of Life of Parents with Asthmatic Children in Opd’s of Ramaiah Hospitals, Bengaluru

The study was undertaken to assess the level of psychosocial problems and quality of life of parents with asthmatic children in Ramaiah hospitals, Bengaluru. Statement of the problem: “A study to assess the psychosocial problems and quality of life of parents with asthmatic children in opd’s of Ramaiah hospitals, Bengaluru”. Objectives of the study: 1) To assess the level of psychosocial problems and level of quality of life of parents with asthmatic children. 2) To find the correlation between scores of psychosocial problem and quality of life among parents with asthmatic children. 3) To find the association between level of psychosocial problem and selected socio demographic variables. 4) To find the association between level of quality of life and selected socio-demographic variable. Method: A descriptive survey approach was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 parents with asthmatic children. Data was collected through interview schedule by using structured rating scale to assess psychosocial problems and quality of life. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive and Inferential statistics in terms of frequencies, Percentage, Mean, Mean percentage, Standard deviation, Karl Pearson’s correlation co-efficient and chi-square test. Findings: The major findings of the study indicated that majority of the parents with asthmatic children that is 33 (66%) were having moderate psychosocial problems and 16 (32%) were having mild psychosocial problem and 1 (2%) were having severe psychosocial problem and 38 (76%) were having good quality of life, 8 (16%) were having better quality of life and 4 (8%) were having poor quality of life. Karl Pearson’s correlation co-efficient test revealed that there is a correlation that exists between psychosocial problem and quality of life of parents with asthmatic children 0.314 weak positive correlation. Chi-square test revealed that there was no significant association between level of psychosocial problems and quality of life with selected socio demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance. Interpretation and conclusion: The findings show that majority of the parents with asthmatic children had moderate level of psychosocial problems (66%) and majority had good quality of life (76%). There is no significant correlation between psychosocial problem and quality of life. There is no significant association between psychosocial problem and quality of life with selected socio demographic variable. This null hypothesis was accepted.

Quality of life of parents and siblings of children with cochlear implants

Objectives: This study examined the quality of life(QoL) of the parents and siblings of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants(CIs).Design: This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. The questionnaire consists of three sub-domains-interaction, emotional well-being and support for the hearing-impaired child and the overall QoL – and two open-ended questions for participants to provide comments and suggestions to enhance their family's QoL. A total of 63 questionnaires were e-mailed or mailed to families who met the inclusion criteria.Setting: The study was conducted under the Center for Rehabilitation & Special Needs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.Participants: A total of 79 parents and 23 siblings from 44 families of children with CI participated in this study.Main outcome measures: The mean score for each of the sub-domain and the overall QoL for both subject groups were computed. The answers for the open-ended questions were listed and organized into themes.Results: There were significant correlations between the overall QoL score and each of the test domains for the parents' group(p < 0.01). For the siblings' group, only the interaction and support domains were significant.Interaction was the main sub-domain affecting the parents' QoL but for siblings, this could not be determined. A total of 60% of the pooled comments were classified as ‘concerns'. As for the suggestions, 38.7% requested some form of support, mainly financial(41.7%).Conclusions: Families with hearing impaired children with CI have numerous concerns that need to be addressed, even though, on average, they were satisfied with their overall QoL.

A comparison of the quality of life of parents of children using hearing aids and those using cochlear implants

Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of parents of children who use hearing aids(HA)with those who use cochlear implants(CI)in the Indian context and document any differences found.Methods:The Kannada version of the AQoL-4D was administered in a modified fashion to 131 parents(87 HA and 44 CI).Sociodemographic details were collected for supplemental information on the intervention strategy used.Results:A total of 49 parents(29 HA and 20 CI)responded to the questionnaire sent.The mean total scores for both the groups were similar(HA group=17.9(SD=5.5),CI group=17.2(SD=3.4)),as was the score for the first subscale(HA group=8.6(SD=2.9);CI group=8.5(SD=2.6))of the AQoL-4D.No significant differences were found between the two groups on either scores[Total Score:U(N_(HA)=29,NCI=20)=280.5,z=0.194,p>0.05;Subscale 1 Score:U(N_(HA)=29,NCI=20)=281.5,z=-0.176,p>0.05].The degree of hearing loss in the hearing aid group was equivalent to that of the cochlear implant group but this did not appear to influence parental quality of life.Conclusion:Parents of children with hearing aids and cochlear implants appear to be similar on several psychosocial factors in the realms of functional,social,and psychological well-being.In terms of parental quality of life,hearing aids and cochlear implants appear to be equally effective intervention techniques.

Depression and Anxiety among Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis Related to the Children’s Health Related Quality of Life

The aim was to examine depression and anxiety among parents of children with Cystic Fibrosis and the association between the parents’ symptoms and the child’s quality of life as rated by the parents. Parents completed HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and CES-D (Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), and assessed the children’s quality of life with CFQ-R (Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised). Anxiety amongst the parents was higher than the general population (m = 6.55, SD = 3.54, p < 0.001). The level of depression does not differ from that of the general population. Mothers showed more anxiety symptoms than fathers (p < 0.001). Gender differences were not significant for depression symptoms. There is a strong association between the fathers’ self-rated depression and their rating of their child’s health. Both children and parents should be paid attention to in order to identify mental ill-health and take measures in good time.

Parental Anxiety and Quality of Life of Epileptic Children

Objective To investigate the prevalence of parental anxiety associated with epileptic children, and to explore whether and how this specific condition affects children＇s quality of life （QOL）, and what are the significant determinants for parental anxiety. Methods Three hundred and forty parents whose children were affected with known epilepsy were enrolled in the study. Questionnaires for quality of life in childhood epilepsy （QOLCE）, and hospital anxiety and depression （HAD） of parents were used to collect demographic data of both children and their parents, as well as clinical manifestations of epilepsy and family status. Results Parental anxiety （of any severity） was observed in 191 subjects at interview, giving a prevalence rate of 56.2%. Of the 191 subjects, 18.5% reported mild anxiety, 24.4% moderate anxiety, and 13.2% severe anxiety. Factors associated with parental anxiety included frequency of seizure in children, average monthly income per person and parents＇ knowledge about epilepsy （P〈O.05）. Parental anxiety significantly （P--O.O00） correlated with quality of life of children with epilepsy. Conclusion Parents of children with epilepsy are at high risk of having anxiety. Factors associated with parental anxiety originate both from children and from parents. Parental anxiety is significantly related with children＇s QOL. It is important for experts concerned to recognize such a relationship to improve the QOL of children and their parents.

Differences in parents of pediatric liver transplantation and chronic liver disease patients

BACKGROUND With advancements in the treatment of chronic liver disease(CLD),including liver transplantation(LT),quality of life and satisfaction after LT have become an important issue for pediatric patients and their parents.More evidence-based information is needed to describe and assess the impact of pediatric CLD on parents and the satisfaction of parents with treatment to better understand their needs.AIM To assess the satisfaction of parents of pediatric LT patients and that of parents of pediatric CLD patients METHODS During this survey,data were collected from parents of pediatric patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and April 2017(LT group;n=91)and parents of pediatric patients with chronic liver disease(CLD group;n=94).Group comparisons were made based on the pediatric health-related quality of life(PedsQL)health care parent satisfaction scale,impact on family scale(IFS)and demographic characteristics.The PedsQL was administered to parents during a phone interview and the results were used to assess the health carerelated satisfaction of parents.The IFS was used to assess the impact of the child’s CLD status on the family.Demographic variables such as education level(elementary vs middle vs high vs university),monthly income(low vs middle vs high),and place of residence(village vs town vs city)were compared between CLD and LT parent groups.Finally,PedsQL and IFS results were also analyzed according to demographic variables.RESULTS A total of 185 parents aged 19 to 65 years were included.There were statistically significant differences between the LT and CLD groups in terms of career(P<0.001),monthly income(P=0.016),and education level(P=0.041).According to the PedsQL results,family inclusion,communication,technical skills,emotional needs,and overall satisfaction were significantly different between the groups;the LT group had consistently higher scores(P<0.001).Additionally,scores for the IFS parameters of financial impact,familial-social impact,personal strain,and total impact were consistently higher for the LT group(P<0.001).There were statistically significant relationships between education level,monthly income,and place of residence according to the IFS results but not the PedsQL results.There were inverse relationships between the difficulties that parents experience because of their child’s health and education levels,monthly income,and place of residence.However,no relationship was found between education level,monthly income,or place of residence and satisfaction with health care services provided in the hospital according to the PedsQL results.CONCLUSION Parents of children who underwent LT were very satisfied with the health care services provided to their children.However,they had more difficulties than parents of children with CLD.

Psychosocial Experience of Parents of Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Brazzaville

Type 1 diabetes is one of the main chronics pathologies in children. Efficient care requires a good knowledge of the disease by the parents, and an exploration of psychosocial experience of the parents, who are on the front lines of the support. Objectives: Assess the impact of parents’ level of knowledge, from their psychosocial experience and from the quality of life on the glycemic control of children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 (DT1) diabetes in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection during 7 months at Brazzaville University Hospital CHU, involving 103 parents. We studied socio-demographic variables, the balance of children’s diabetes by glycated hemoglobin, parents’ knowledge of diabetes by questionnaire “Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center’s Revised Diabetes Knowledge Test”. The assessment of anxiety and depression through the “Hospital Anxiety and Depression” (HAD) score. Parental stress was assessed by the “Pediatric Inventory for Parents” (PIP). Results: We reported certain anxiety symptomatology in 60 parents (58.3%). Certain depression was reported in 63 parents (61.2%), and a lesser degree of parental distress. These psychosocial disorders in the parents did not influence the glycemic balance of the children. Low socio-economic level of the family (p = 0.001), poor knowledge about diabetes (p = 0.046) and poorer quality of life (p Conclusion: Psychosocial disorders were well observed in parents of DT1 children.

Analysis of Professional Quality Cultivation Strategies for Infant and Child Care Service Talents from the Perspective of Collaboration of Medical Care,Parenting,and Education,and Integration of Industry and Education

The collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education aims to integrate nursing,midwifery,infant and child care services,and management with speech and hearing rehabilitation technology,among other elements related to the infant care industry chain.This integration targets pediatrics talent training in nine infant care positions,including nursing,infant health care and management,and child rehabilitation,to ensure that the capabilities and quality of professional talents can meet the health care needs of infants and young children.This article briefly explains the background of the“collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education,and integration of industry and education.”It analyzes the necessity of cultivating infant and child care service talents based on the perspective of“collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education,and integration of industry and education.”Based on this perspective,we conducted an in-depth study of the cultivation of professional qualities of infant and child care service talents.

Parental Selection in Rice Cultivar Improvement

The evaluation of rice （Oryza safiva L.） cultivars assists breeders in identifying useful trait relationships and in selecting parents as donors of specific traits. This study was conducted to compare long-grain rice cultivars using genotype x trait （GT） biplot analysis and determine potential donors of traits related to grain yield and quality. Seventeen cultivars in the 2005 and 2006 Uniform Regional Rice Nursery in Beaumont, Texas, USA were analyzed for 20 traits using GT biplot analysis. The GT biplots showed the diversity among cultivars with regards to yield-related traits. Cultivars recommended as donor parents were： Trenasse, Spring, Presidio, and Cocodrie for high grain yield and head rice rate Trenasse and Presidio for semi-dwarfness; Banks for tall plant height; Wells for high flag leaf area, panicle weight, and number and mass of filled grains per panicle; Hidalgo for high tiller density; Francis for high number of spikelets per panicle; Spring and Trenasse for short flowering duration; Cheniere for more days to heading and maturity and Spring for less days; and Spring and Hidalgo for high grain weiqht. Breeders can use these cultivars with specific traits to increase qrain yield and quality.

新家庭主义与当代青年婚育行为研究

当代青年在婚育行为上越来越多元化、理性化,并且群体内部存在分化。从新家庭主义的分析框架入手,可将青年婚育行为分为四种类型:保守型婚育、自我型婚育、焦虑型婚育和逃避型婚育。现代家庭面对压缩现代性的挑战,形成新家庭主义应对策略。新家庭主义包括经济、伦理、情感、自我四个维度。家庭在发挥其韧性以支撑家庭高强度的发展目标时,出现高度失衡的代际关系、密集型养育方式的不堪重负,家长多重身份焦虑等困境。家庭内部风险不断积聚,逐渐显示其脆弱性,家庭越来越难以承载心灵的自由和幸福。青年由此对家庭价值和意义进行反思,对家文化进行解构,并建构一套新的人生价值和意义体系,造成新家庭主义悖论。

婚恋观念的代际传递机制:家庭婚恋叙事中的意义生成与亲子协商

转型时期中国社会的婚恋观念呈现复杂的世代变迁逻辑,家庭作为婚恋观变迁的微观场域如何发挥作用,亟待考察。本文将家庭婚恋叙事作为观察两代人婚恋观念的透镜,基于57位大学生对父母婚恋经历的深度访谈,勾画父母对婚姻生活的反思与感悟,对子女成家的期待与教导,以及子女就父辈经验进行的共情与协商。本文指出,父母运用“世代延续”“世代断裂”与“人生进程”三个叙事框架来阐述自己的婚姻之道,在很大程度上延续了“婚恋一体”的传统理念。子女在叙事过程产生的“情感共鸣”是他们理解父母婚恋观念的重要媒介。两代人对婚姻的理性操作与现实功能具有共识,但子代对亲子共生模式下的婚育规范难以接受。婚恋观念的代际传递呈现为两代人对代际契约的协商。

基于家园矛盾分析的幼儿园亲师沟通质量评价指标构建研究

为提升幼儿园教师与家长之间的沟通质量,高效解决家园矛盾的困境,本研究基于家园矛盾分析构建亲师沟通质量评价指标,为幼儿园教师及管理者提供一份具有可操作性的评价工具。运用访谈法,问卷调查法对全国东北地区、华东地区、华中地区、华南地区以及西北地区总计1621名幼儿园教师及家长进行调研。通过项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、信效度检验,对基于家园矛盾分析的幼儿园亲师沟通质量评价指标结构进行探索与验证,最终构建包含主体共识、信息开放、情感表露、情境控制、效果反馈5个一级指标以及18个二级指标的亲师沟通质量评价指标。

父母教养方式对女大学生婚恋价值观的影响:主观幸福感的中介作用

女大学生作为高知群体,其婚恋价值观对于社会婚恋文化的导向作用日益突显。本研究选取广东省某高校314名在校女大学生作为研究对象,利用简式父母教养方式问卷、主观幸福感量表和大学生婚恋价值观量表进行问卷调查。通过皮尔逊积差相关和Bootstrap抽样法对数据结果进行分析,检验三个变量间的相关性以及主观幸福感的中介效应。结果显示,父母教养方式和主观幸福感能显著正向预测女大学生婚恋价值观,且主观幸福感在父母教养方式与婚恋价值观之间起部分中介作用。

新时代家长教育素养及提升策略研究

家长教育素养水平是影响我国现行家庭教育质量的关键。新时代家长教育素养的内涵是指父母或其他监护人为完成对未成年人的道德品质、身体素质、生活技能、文化修养、行为习惯等家庭教育培养任务所应具备的基本品质或条件,包括家庭教育知识、家庭教育理念、家庭教育方式、家庭教育能力。提高家长教育素养有利于培养全面发展的时代新人,纾解家庭教育困境,弘扬优秀家庭家教家风文化。然而,现实的家长教育素养与应然的家长教育素养存在一定差距。新时代背景下家长教育素养的实然窘境表现在:家长的家庭教育知识掌握多元性不足、群体差异大,家庭教育观念存在结构性缺失,家庭教育方式呈功利取向,家庭教育能力实践性不足。之所以产生这些问题,与家长教育素养积累的多样性和过程性、家庭内部因素、外部支持力度有关。为了提升家长教育素养,促进家庭教育高质量发展,建议家长主动担责、积极配合家庭教育指导,政府建立健全家庭教育指导服务体系,学校创新家校共育模式,协同合力提升家长教育素养水平。

“双减”背景下家庭因素对小学高段学生睡眠质量的影响——基于对成渝地区408名小学生调查

为了解成渝地区小学高段学生睡眠质量,探索“双减”背景下家庭功能、感知父母冲突和情绪安全感对小学高段学生睡眠质量的影响,运用家庭功能问卷、父母冲突儿童知觉量表、情绪安全感问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表等研究工具对成都市、重庆市两所学校共408名小学高段学生展开调查。调查发现,67.28%的成渝地区小学高段学生能在22时前入睡,82.20%的成渝地区小学高段学生能保障每日9小时以上睡眠,且睡眠障碍检出率显著低于“双减”前同年龄段多地结果;家庭功能、感知父母冲突、情绪安全感与小学高段学生睡眠质量显著相关,其中情绪安全感能显著负向预测学生睡眠质量,这说明“双减”后成渝地区小学高段学生睡眠质量有所提高,且家庭因素对小学高段学生睡眠质量影响显著。基于此,建议家庭成员间要有合理的角色分工与积极的情感支持,家长要帮助子女建立情绪安全感,并引导子女形成良好的睡眠习惯和健康的生活模式来保障子女拥有良好的睡眠质量。

家长媒介素养对幼儿学习品质的影响——教养方式的并行中介作用

为探讨家长媒介素养与教养方式对幼儿学习品质的影响,以603名幼儿家长为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果发现,家长媒介素养与幼儿学习品质、民主型教养方式之间存在显著正相关,与专制型教养方式呈显著负相关,且民主型教养方式及专制型教养方式在家长媒介素养对幼儿学习品质的影响中起并行中介作用。幼儿学习品质的提高不仅需要家长提高媒介素养,营造良性的家庭媒介生态环境,还要求家长采用民主型教养方式,形成温暖的家庭互动氛围。

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿父母养育倦怠现状及影响因素

目的 探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿父母养育倦怠现状及影响因素,为临床针对性护理干预提供参考。方法 采用一般资料问卷、养育倦怠评估量表、疾病不确定感量表和领悟社会支持量表对广州市4所三级甲等医院收治的259例急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿的父母进行调查。结果 患儿父母养育倦怠得分为(90.19±14.25)分;患儿疾病严重程度、与患儿关系、家庭人均月收入、疾病不确定感总分、领悟社会支持总分是养育倦怠的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),可解释总变异的50.9%。结论 急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿父母存在养育倦怠,给予患儿疾病严重程度高、患儿母亲、家庭人均月收入低的患儿父母更多关注,降低其疾病不确定感并提高其领悟社会支持水平,从而降低其养育倦怠水平。

透过“代际抚育模式”家谱图看中国青年婚姻满意度:质性研究的视角

目的:探索代际关系、抚育模式与夫妻婚姻满意度之间的关系。方法:对全国10个城市共64名已婚者进行深入访谈,绘制家谱图,运用主题法对访谈内容进行分析,并进行理论建构。结果:典型的中国家庭共包括五种代际抚育模式:独立抚育式、单方参与式、单方协助式、双方参与式和双方协助式;不同婚姻满意度家庭的代际抚育模式家谱图存在差异,高婚姻满意度的家庭往往形成了核心家庭,而低婚姻满意度低家庭中代际关系相对混乱,但也有特例存在;另外,中国家庭的“边界与平衡”、原生家庭的“遗传现象”等也值得关注。结论:代际抚育模式影响家庭的婚姻满意度。典型家谱图可作为心理治疗的辅助工具,从宏观角度为咨询师提供参考。

初婚年龄变迁的稳定因素——基于代际传递视角的实证探索

中国人口的初婚年龄呈现出明显的推迟趋势。推迟的原因是“促使变化”与“保持稳定”两方面因素共同作用的结果,但现有研究对后者的关注相对缺乏。从代际传递视角出发,利用2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,对初婚年龄变迁的“稳定因素”进行实证探索,以事件史分析为主要分析方法。研究发现:初婚年龄存在显著的代际影响,但父亲与母亲的影响存在差异。父亲初婚年龄显著影响子女(特别是儿子)的初婚年龄,呈现出代际传递特征;但母亲的初婚年龄无显著的独立影响,且不因子女性别而变化。除了差异,父母间的代际影响又彼此联系,父母初婚早晚的一致性较高,如均为早婚或晚婚,则代际传递影响会更加明显。进一步将代际影响置于宏观环境中发现,当父亲初婚年龄与周围他人的平均初婚年龄差距较大时,父亲的代际影响更为凸显。初婚年龄的代际传递体现了父母及家庭对于个体婚姻行为的重要意义,可视为初婚年龄变迁中重要的“稳定因素”。推而言之,代际传递影响可为进一步分析我国婚姻家庭变迁中变化与不变共存的现实提供解释路径和分析视角。