Quantitative traits correlative analysis and growth comparison among different populations of bay scallop,Argopecten irradians

The shell traits and weight traits are measured in cultured populations of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. The results of regression analysis show that the regression relationships for all the traits are significant (P<0.01). The correlative coefficients between body weight, as well as tissue weight with shell length, shell height and shell width are significant (P<0.05). But the correlative coefficients between the anterior and posterior auricle length with body weight as well as tissue weight are not significant (P>0.05). The multiple regression equation is obtained to estimate live body weight and tissue weight. The above traits except anterior and posterior auricle length are used for the growth and production comparison among three cultured populations, Duncan's new multiple range procedure analysis shows that all the traits in the Lingshuiqiao (LSQ) population are much more significant than those of the other two populations (P<0.01), and there is no significant difference between the Qipanmo (QPM) and Dalijia (DLJ) populations in all traits (P>0.05). The results indicate that the LSQ population has a higher growth rate and is expected to be more productive than the other two populations.

Prediction of cavity growth rate during underground coal gasification using multiple regression analysis

During underground coal gasification （UCG）, whereby coal is converted to syngas in situ, a cavity is formed in the coal seam. The cavity growth rate （CGR） or the moving rate of the gasification face is affected by controllable （operation pressure, gasification time, geometry of UCG panel） and uncontrollable （coal seam properties） factors. The CGR is usually predicted by mathematical models and laboratory experiments, which are time consuming, cumbersome and expensive. In this paper, a new simple model for CGR is developed using non-linear regression analysis, based on data from 1 l UCG field trials. The empirical model compares satisfactorily with Perkins model and can reliably predict CGR.

Estimation of growth rate of Skeletonema costatum based on relative expression amount of PCNA gene

Partial sequence of Skeletonema costatum proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） gene was obtained by reverse transcriptase PCR（RT-PCR） and 3＇ rapid amplification of cDNA ends （3＇-RACE） techniques. Based on the obtained PCNA and cytochrome b gene（ Cyt b gene） sequences, a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR （FQ-PCR） method was developed to detect the expression S. costatum PCNA gene, and this method was applied to study the relationship between the growth rate of S. costatum and the average expression amount of PCNA gene in a single cell. The expression amount of PCNA gene had large variation in cells collected at different culture phases, and the trend was well consistent with the growth rate, which suggested that the expression amount of PCNA gene correlated well with the cell division, and the PCNA could be a promising indicator for the S. costatum cell proliferation. Furthermore, using the PCNA gene as the objective gene and the Cyt b gene as the house-keeping gene, a new method for estimating the in situ growth rate of S. costatum was established by analysis of the relative expression quantity （REQ） of the PCNA gene.

A Quantitative Analysis on Grassland Animal Husbandry of Sichuan Tibetan Region after the Liberation

[ Objective ] To study economic growth of grassland animal husbandry in Sichuan Tibetan region after the liberation and predict long-term trend and regular features of growth and development of grassland animal husbandry. [ Method] Using econometric models and methods, the gov- ernment statistical data after the liberation on grassland animal husbandry of Sichuan Tibetan region were analyzed, and the factors increasing econ- omy of grassland animal husbandry were determined by analyzing time series data of different periods. [ Result] The grassland animal husbandry of Sichuan Tibetan region had significant characteristics of traditional pastoral economy. Before the reform and opening-up, the increase of animal hus- bandry economy was mainly manifested by increase in amount of livestock and laborers, and the increase in amount of livestock was principal pro- moting factor. After the reform and opening-up, the increase in integrated production factors became the primary cause to push the increase of ani- mal husbandry economy. [ Conclusion] Some new measures must be taken to promote the increase of animal husbandry economy of Sichuan Tibetan region, including transforming traditional production mode of animal husbandry, relying on scientific and technological advances, further improving socio- economic system, cultivating more highly sldlled workforce and effectively guiding rational shift and orderly migration of surplus pasture laborers.

Comparative transcriptome analysis on the alteration of gene expression in ayu （Plecoglossus altivelis）larvae associated with salinity change

Ayu （Plecoglossus altivelis） fish, which are an amphidromous species distributed in East Asia, live in brackish water （BW） during their larval stage and in fresh water （FW） during their adult stage. In this study, we found that FW-acclimated ayu larvae exhibited a slower growth ratio compared with that of BW-acclimated larvae. However, the mechanism underlying FW acclimation on growth suppression is poorly known. We employed transcriptome analysis to investigate the differential gene expression of FW acclimation by RNA sequencing. We identified 158 upregulated and 139 downregulated transcripts in FW-acclimated ayu larvae compared with that in BW-acclimated larvae. As determined by Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway mapping, functional annotation of the genes covered diverse biological functions and processes, and included neuroendo- crinology, osmotic regulation, energy metabolism, and the cytoskeleton. Transcriptional expression of several differentially expressed genes in response to FW acclimation was further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. In accordance with transcriptome analysis, iodothyronine deiodinase （ID）, pro-opiom- elanocortin （POMC）, betaine-homocysteine S-meth- yltransferase 1 （BHMT）, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B （aldolase B）, tyrosine aminotransferase （TAT）, and Na＋-K＋ ATPase （NKA） were upregulated after FW acclimation. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of b-type natriurefic peptide （BNP） and transgelin were downregulated after FW acclimation. Our data indicate that FW acclimation reduced the growth rate of ayu larvae, which might result from the expression alteration of genes related to endocrine hormones, energy metabolism, and direct osmoregulation.

Genetic Analysis and QTL Mapping of Large Flag Leaf Angle Trait in Japonica Rice

Genetic segregation analysis for flag leaf angle was conducted using six generations of P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2 derived from a cross of 863B （a maintainer line of japonica rice） and A7444 （a germplasm with large flag leaf angle）. Genotypes and phenotypes of flag leaf angle were investigated in 863B （P1）, A7444 （P2） and 141 plants in BC^F~ （863BIA744411863B） population. An SSR genetic linkage map was constructed and QTLs for flag leaf angle were detected. The genetic map containing 79 information loci was constructed, which covers a total distance of 441.6 cM, averaging 5.6 cM between two neighboring loci. Results showed that the trait was controlled by two major genes plus polygene and the major genes were more important. Fifteen markers showed highly significant correlations with flag leaf angle based on single marker regression analysis. Two QTLs （qFLA2 and qFLA8） for flag leaf angle were detected by both composite interval method in software WinQTLCart 2.5 and composite interval method based on mixed linear model in QTL Network 2.0. The qFLA2 explained 10.50% and 13.28% of phenotypic variation, respectively, and was located at the interval of RM300 and RM145 on the short arm of chromosome 2. The qFLA8 explained 9.59% and 7.64% of phenotypic variation, respectively, and was located at the interval flanking RM6215 and RM8265 on the long arm of chromosome 8. The positive alleles at the two QTLs were both contributed from A7444.

Facing Both Challenges and Opportunities:How Can Financial Service Firms Survive Under the Pandemic?SOAR Analysis of Three Leading Firms in the Financial Service Industry

After the breakout of COVID-19,many entity industries have to shut down.The rapid decline of money transaction caused by the shutdown of the entity industries has shocked the financial service industry while the increase in digital transactions also offers them opportunities.Facing both challenges and opportunities,financial services firms should change their target and compensation policy during the pandemic to survive.After analysing three major firms in this industry by using SOAR method,we conclude four keys for financial services firms to survive in COVID-19.

Quantitative Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Hamad Medical Corporation—Qatar

A proper waste management system is very important in healthcare facilities because the overall benefit outweighs the cost. In the healthcare sector, hazardous health care waste (HHCW) consists of wastes that are potentially contaminated by dangerous agents. Identification and segregation of HHCW is harbinger for its proper management. The quantitative analysis study on HHCW had not been done in Qatar government hospitals. This study quantitatively analyzed the current practice for HHCW management in Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar. The objective of this study is to provide a first comprehensive assessment of hazardous healthcare waste managements in Qatar and offers an opportunity to improve existing practice. This is a retrospective survey study carried out on secondary data collected from the department of occupational health and safety (OHS), HMC. OHS department collects and keeps records of hazardous wastes produced by HMC. Data on the HMC hospitals’ characteristics from 2017 to 2019 were retrieved from Planning and Statistics Authority’s website. World Health Organization (WHO) formula for calculating HHCW generation rate was used to calculate the rate for HMC. Data analysis results show a steady increase in HHCW generation rate in HMC, the generation rate was 2.6 Kg/patient bed/day, 2.8 Kg/patient bed/day and 3.1 Kg/patient bed/day for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. There were also significant variations in HHCW generation rates between hospitals. The highest generation rate was 4.64 Kg/patient bed/day recorded for AWH and the lowest was 0.2 Kg/patient bed/day recorded for mental health and both hospitals contributing 23.18% and 0.29% respectively of HHCW in HMC.

The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Resident Population Growth Rate in Henan Province, China

Population is an important strategic resource for national development, a fundamental element of socio-economic development. The coordinated development of population and economy is an effective way to achieve rapid economic growth. Based on the population statistics data of counties (districts) in Henan Province, China, from 2006 to 2021. The paper firstly uses the logistic population growth mathematical model to calculate the resident population growth rate of counties (districts), then utilizes the hotspot analysis and spatial semi-variogram analysis, to research the spatial distribution characteristics of the resident population growth rate in Henan Province. The research results show that the evolution of the regional resident population in the province basically conforms to the logistic natural growth model. The resident population growth rate shows the characteristics of high in the north and low in the south, high in the center and low in the surrounding regions. The resident population growth rate is positively correlated with the level of economic development;the urban built-up areas, especially the new regions in urban planning, have a fast growth rate of resident population, which has a significant siphon effect on the population of surrounding regions. The hotspots of resident population growth rate in the province are mainly distributed in the urban built-up areas and surrounding regions of Zhengzhou, Luoyang, and Xinxiang, accounting for about 3.51% of the total area of the province. The cold spots are mainly distributed in the eastern part of the province, forming zonal distribution, which spans across Shangqiu City, Zhoukou City, and Zhumadian City, accounting for about 8.61% of the total area of the province. The area with negative growth of resident population accounts for approximately 53.47% of the total province. The spatial distribution of the growth rate of the resident population in the whole province basically conforms to the spherical model, with a small dispersion degree and a short range. In the range, there is a high degree of variability in resident population growth rate.

Minor-effect QTL for heading date detected in crosses between indica rice cultivar Teqing and near isogenic lines of IR24

Identification of quantitative trait loci(QTL) having small effects on heading date(HD) is important for fine-tuning flowering time in rice(Oryza sativa L.). In this study, minor-effect QTL for HD were identified using five segregating rice populations, including a recombinant inbred line population derived from crosses between indica cultivar Teqing and near isogenic lines of IR24,and four populations derived from residual heterozygotes identified in the original population.HD data from these populations were obtained in multiple years or at two locations with different photoperiods. A total of 11 QTL were detected; they had small additive effects ranging from 0.21 to1.63 days. The QTL were all detected in different populations, locations and/or years, having consistent allelic effects across experiments and a stable magnitude across years at the same location. These QTL, and other minor-effect QTL that have been cloned or fine-mapped, generally do not have strong photoperiod sensitivity, and thus can be used in a wide range of ecogeographical conditions. Seven of the 11 QTL were different from those that have been cloned or fine-mapped, providing new candidates for gene cloning and marker-assisted breeding. Allelic effects of QTL corresponding to those that had been cloned or fine-mapped, were much smaller in this study than previously reported. The results supported the assumption that qualitative and quantitative genes may be different alleles at the same loci, suggesting that it may be promising to identify minor-effect QTL from major heading date genes/QTL that have been cloned.

Weak Nonlinearity of Ablative Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

The weakly nonlinear regime of single mode ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability is studied, with consideration of preheat effect and the width of the ablation front. The Rayleigh-Taylor linear growth rate agrees well with the direct numerical simulation. For the density perturbation, the amplitude distribution of the fundamental mode has one peak value whereas those of the second and third harmonics have two and three peak values, respectively. Harmonics generation versus wave number is also given and it is close to the result of direct numerical simulation.

Effect of mass transfer and solution composition on the quantification of reaction kinetics by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry

Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)is one of the most powerful techniques for both the mechanistic and kinetic study of complicated electrocatalytic reactions.It can provide information on the nature and yields of the products generated,their production rate,and the structure-activity relationship between the electrocatalysts and the target reactions.The precise calibration of the mass signal is a prerequisite for the accurate evaluation of reaction kinetics.In this work,we use the oxidation reactions of CO and HCOOH to demonstrate how certain conditions,such as the flow rate and solution composition,affect the collection efficiency and ionization probability of the species to be detected.These parameters can affect the determination of the mass calibration constant and the accuracy of the subsequent quantitative DEMS analysis.We show the relationship between the mass calibration constant and the flow rate,and provide strategies for eliminating this and the related problems.

A Green GIS Solution against Air Pollution in the Province of Bergamo: The Paulownia Tree

The paper describes a GIS approach to identify the most suitable areas for growing the Paulownia tree in the Province of Bergamo;this work will become the subject of a dissertation thesis at the School of Engineering of the University of Bergamo. Paulownia is quite an ancient tree, well known especially in the far east countries, for its wonderful flowers and the quality of the wood which is a source of certain profit. The paper is focused on the employment of the Paulownia tree against air pollution, since its big leaves absorb high amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere and can capture the small particles of pollutants in the air ten times more than any other tree species. First, the analysis identifies the most favourable areas for its growth in the Province of Bergamo. Secondly, among the latter, the analysis detects the strategic areas for its growth near the most polluted zones. Finally, a quantitative evaluation is carried out about the trees contribution against pollutants in the atmosphere.

Revisiting the Seasonal Evolution of the Indian Ocean Dipole from the Perspective of Process-Based Decomposition

The seasonal phase-locking feature of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)is well documented.However,the seasonality ten-dency of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)during the development of the IOD has not been widely investigated.The SSTA tendencies over the two centers of the IOD peak in September-October-November are of different monthly amplitudes.The SSTA tendency over the west pole is small before June-July-August but dramatically increases in July-August-September.Meanwhile,the SSTA tendency over the east pole gradually increases before June-July-August and decreases since then.The growth rate attribution of the SSTAs is achieved by examining the roles of radiative and non-radiative air-sea coupled thermodynamic processes through the climate feedback-response analysis method(CFRAM).The CFRAM results indicate that oceanic dynamic processes largely contribute to the total SSTA tendency for initiating and fueling the IOD SSTAs,similar to previous studies.However,these results cannot ex-plain the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency.Four negative feedback processes(cloud radiative feedback,atmospheric dynamic processes,surface sensible,and latent heat flux)together play a damping role opposite to the SSTA tendency.Nevertheless,the sea surface temperature-water vapor feedback shows positive feedback.Specifically,variations in SSTAs can change water vapor con-centrations through evaporation,resulting in anomalous longwave radiation that amplifies the initial SSTAs through positive feedback.The effect of water vapor feedback is well in-phase with the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency,suggesting that the water vapor feedback might modulate the seasonally dependent SSTA tendency during the development of the IOD.

Stochastic Modeling and Assisted History-Matching Using Multiple Techniques of Multi-Phase Flowback from Multi-Fractured Horizontal Tight Oil Wells

In this paper, the methods developed by?[1] are used to analyze flowback data, which involves modeling flow both before and after the breakthrough of formation fluids. Despite the versatility of these techniques, achieving an optimal combination of parameters is often difficult with a single deterministic analysis. Because of the uncertainty in key model parameters, this problem is an ideal candidate for uncertainty quantification and advanced assisted history-matching techniques, including Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and genetic algorithms (GAs) amongst others. MC simulation, for example, can be used for both the purpose of assisted history-matching and uncertainty quantification of key fracture parameters. In this work, several techniques are tested including both single-objective (SO) and multi-objective (MO) algorithms for history-matching and uncertainty quantification, using a light tight oil (LTO) field case. The results of this analysis suggest that many different algorithms can be used to achieve similar optimization results, making these viable methods for developing an optimal set of key uncertain fracture parameters. An indication of uncertainty can also be achieved, which assists in understanding the range of parameters which can be used to successfully match the flowback data.

Facing the 2013 Gold Rush: A Population Viability Analysis for the Endangered White-Lipped Peccary (<i>Tayassu pecari</i>) in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica

The white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is facing range-wide declines throughout the Neotropics. It has been eliminated from about 89% of its historical range in Costa Rica. Corcovado National Park, in the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica, is the last remaining stronghold for the white-lipped peccary in the country. In 2013, the Park experienced a sudden gold rush that brought with it a wave of 250 miners and vigorous hunting pressures on the population. Given that the species is endangered and is susceptible to hunting due to its herding behavior and tendency to cohere and attack when threatened rather than flee, it is important to assess its probability of extinction under various hunting scenarios. Incorporating data from studies on the life history of the species throughout its range in the Neotropics and in Corcovado, I used the population viability analysis software VORTEX to simulate the population trajectories and probabilities of extinction of the species under current hunting pressures and under various management scenarios. The results of this study revealed that under the 2013 scenario where 250 miners were present in the Park, the population of white-lipped peccaries has a about a 40% chance of extinction within five years and about a 99% chance of extinction within 10 years. Moreover, there is an “extinction threshold” for the population between the presence of 100 and 150 miners hunting in the Park. At this threshold, the population growth rate, r, drops from a positive growth rate (r = 0.09, SD = 0.08) to a negative one (r = -0.07, SD = 0.29). I suggest that anti-mining and anti-poaching laws be enforced immediately, and that the number of miners be reduced to 100 at a minimum, if not completely, in order to ensure that the population of white-lipped peccaries becomes viable and evades a local extinction.

丁酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率影响的Meta分析

研究旨在探讨丁酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响,运用Meta分析方法进行系统评价。经检索万方、中国知网、维普、Pub Med和Web of Science数据库,搜索丁酸甘油酯对断奶仔猪生长性能影响的文献,按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料,用Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析。共纳入12个研究,样本838例。结果显示:丁酸甘油酯组的平均日增重显著高于空白组(P<0.0001,SMD=1.58,95%CI:0.80~2.36),平均日采食量与空白组差异不显著(P=0.30,SMD=-0.44,95%CI:-1.28~0.40),料重比显著低于空白组(P=0.0002,SMD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.29~-0.40),腹泻率显著低于空白组(P=0.0003,SMD=-2.78,95%CI:-4.27~-1.28)。说明饲料中添加丁酸甘油酯可显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重,降低料重比和腹泻率,建议丁酸甘油酯添加量为1%~2%。

技术锁定生态系统评价研究——以5G产业为例

在吸收借鉴现有研究成果基础上,提出技术锁定生态系统概念,对其内涵与特征进行解析,构建技术锁定生态系统要素模型,从系统稳定性、系统中心性以及系统异质性3个方面,建立技术锁定生态系统评价指标体系,并采用增长率循环指数合成方法,结合5G产业有效发明授权专利,测度2012—2021年中美日韩德五国的技术锁定生态系统指数。结果发现,中国的技术锁定生态系统指数呈现出波动性增长态势;美国的技术锁定生态系统指数呈现出先升后降再缓慢上升的发展态势;日本的技术锁定生态系统指数前期平稳,后期波动较大;韩国与德国的技术锁定生态系统指数均呈现下降趋势。

基于SFA方法的企业绿色创新效率分析

绿色创新效率是影响企业长期可持续发展的重要因素。本文通过构建超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型,对中国企业2011~2022年的绿色创新效率进行了测算分析,并通过对全要素生产率(TFP)进行三重分解,探讨了绿色创新效率及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)环境关注和劳动投入是企业绿色创新效率提升的主要贡献者;(2)从全要素生产率(TFP)分解结构看,绿色创新效率提升主要来源于技术效率改进(TEC)和技术进步(TC),而规模效率(SC)的持续恶化却弱化了两者的作用;(3)异质性实证检验表明,西部地区的绿色创新效率最高,其次是东部,中部地区的绿色创新效率最弱,分行业检验结果则表明重污染行业效率高于非重污染行业,高科技行业高于非高科技行业。本文根据研究结论,提出相关政策建议。

R&D资本化背景下我国TFP增长率再测算

研究与试验发展(R&D)资本对经济增长和科技创新作用日益凸显,但对于R&D资本的核算亟待完善。本文基于SNA2008和CSNA2016框架,将R&D支出作为资本形成,对我国各省份物质资本存量和R&D资本存量进行规范化测算,使用随机前沿分析法重新估算1991—2019年间的全要素生产率(TFP)增长率。研究发现:第一,我国R&D资本存量规模呈总体递增和地区聚集趋势;第二,1991—2019年间,我国广义TFP增长率年平均增幅为2.10%,对经济增长存在正向作用;第三,将TFP增长率分解为技术进步、前沿技术效率和规模效应,发现技术进步对TFP增长率的贡献最大,是推动我国TFP增长的主导力量,但却呈现逐年递减的趋势;第四,随着我国对R&D投入的不断增加与重视,R&D对我国广义TFP增长率的贡献呈现递增的趋势,R&D的贡献逐渐成为推动我国科技进步的主要力量。