Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) and Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) Analysis: A Comparative Study between Le Afe and Mulivaifagatoloa Rivers, Upolu Island, Samoa

The diversity of Samoa’s freshwater macroinvertebrates remains largely unexplored, with past studies focusing on specific species without comprehensive cataloguing. This research evaluated the health of Upolu Island’s rural rivers through macroinvertebrate analysis, particularly in the Le Afe and Mulivaifagatoloa Rivers. Collaborating with Samoa’s Water Resources Division in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE), three sites along each river were sampled, representing a gradient from pristine to anthropogenically impacted areas. A total of 2953 macroinvertebrates were collected and classified into five categories using established identification keys. The Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) and Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (QMCI) were applied for analysis. The results showed no clear pattern of pollutant-sensitive species prevalence or decline in less disturbed rivers. High MCI scores with low QMCI values indicated numerous low-scoring species, while the opposite suggested a richness of high-scoring taxa. Although MCI and QMCI are tools for monitoring freshwater health, this study lays the groundwork for future research to categorize Samoan macroinvertebrates and assign tolerance scores based on their presence in varying river conditions. .

Quantitative Indexes of Streetscape Visual Evaluation and Validity Analysis

To establish valid indexes for streetscape visual evaluation, this paper proposed 6 quantitative indexes to refl ect objective visual properties of streetscapes based on the image processing concept, and took real digital images of 10 pedestrian streets to verify the validity. Mathematical analysis of subjective and objective indexes showed that street width/height ratio, street width, sky openness index, visual entropy and color richness index could refl ect objective visual properties of streetscape(correlation coeffi cient r > 0.633, signifi cance P < 0.05); visual complexity accounted for the highest percentage in the evaluation conclusion(22.6%), so it was the most signifi cant infl uence factor.

Quantitative Analysis of Mineralization-Alteration Index about the Huize Lead-zinc district in Northeast Yunnan, China

1 Introduction The super-large Huize lead-zinc ore district is one of the most representative lead-zinc deposits in Northeastern Yunnan poly-metallic deposit concentration district.So far,studies(Liu and Lin,1999;Han et al.,2007)on the type of deposits like the Huize lead-zinc deposit,focused on deposit genesis,the sources of metallogenic materials,

The clinical study of solute removal index(SRI) as an index to quantitate the adequcacy of hemodialysis

The clinical study of solute removal index (SRI) was performed in 20 stable maintenance hemodialysis patients in order to find a proper hemodialydsis dosage and improve the life quality of the patients.Plasma BUN levels were tested pre-hemodialysis and 0, 1 hr post-hemodialysis. Urea generation rate (G)、protein catabolic rate(PCR)、solute removal amount(R)、SRI were calculated by double pools urea kinetic model . The result showed that urea rebound rate was 18.5±3.35 % 1 hr after hemodialysis,R was 13.82±5.48 g, G was 4.85±1.39 g, PCR was 0.94±0.29 g/kg.d, SRI was 71.33±6.8% respectively, which indicated that SRI was a better index to quantitate the adequacy of hemodialysis.

Construction of SSR Linkage Map and Analysis of QTLs for Rolled Leaf in Japonica Rice

Genetic analysis of rolled leaf is important to rice ideotype breeding. To detect loci controlling rolled leaf of japonica restorer lines, SSR marker genotypes and phenotypes of flag leaf rolling index （LRI） were investigated in Xiushui 79 （P1, a japonica rice variety）, C Bao （P2, a japonica restorer line） and 254 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between P1 and P2 , and in two environments. A genetic map of this cross was constructed, QTLs for LRI were detected and their interactions with environments were analyzed. Among 818 pairs of SSR primers, 90 primers showed polymorphism between P1 and P2, and 12 markers showed highly significant correlation with LRI in both environments based on single marker regression analysis. The genetic map containing 74 information loci has a total distance of 744.6 cM, with an average of 10.1 cM between two adjacent loci. Three QTLs （qRL-1, qRL-7 and qRL-8-1） were detected with two softwares： WinQTLCart 2.5 and QTLNetwork2.0. qRL-8-1 was a new locus, accounting for 15.5% and 12.8% of phenotypic variations in the two environments, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by additive effect was 6.6%. No interaction was found between qRL-8-1 genotype and environments.

Quantitative Analysis on Distribution of Modifier in Microstructure of SBS Modifi ed Asphalt

A method was developed to make a quantitative analysis of the microstructure of asphalt modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene block（SBS） copolymer. Moreover, both mixed and branched SBS were employed in the preparation of modified asphalt. By sampling specimens from the top, middle, and bottom, a number of microscope slides were made and 400 times micro images were gained. Binarized with the software of MATLAB, the images then went to the process of distribution test, when four typical distributions were employed to investigate the distribution of modifi er spread in asphalt. The distribution characteristic and its parameter were both found. The results show that asphalt phase clearly obeys Poisson distribution, and its parameter, λ, is bond up with the condition SBS performs in. Based on this parameter, indexes can be set up to evaluate the structure of the mixture and its performance as well. Compared with that modifi ed with mixed SBS, the asphalt modifi ed with branched SBS has better performance but worse stability, for it is easier to segregate.

Distribution and quantitative zonation of unloading cracks at a proposed large hydropower station dam Site

Rock mass unloading is an important rock engineering problem because unloading may impact the stability of a rock mass slope. Based on hydroelectric engineering principles, this study focuses on the classification of unloading zones to reflect the rock mass structure characteristics. Geological background and slope structure of the study region were considered to investigate the distribution and deformation of the unloading process. Quantitative indices were classified according to the formation mechanisms and the geological exhibition of unloading zones. The P-wave velocity(V_P), the ratio of the wave velocity(V_p) the ratio of the test P-wave velocity along the adit depth to the P-wave velocity of intact rock, the sum of joint openings every 2 meters(S_t), and the density of open joints(D_t) were calculated as quantitative indices for the rock mass unloading zone. The characteristics of the unloading zone of rock mass slopes at the dam site were successfully determined. The method of combining qualitative data with quantitative indices was found to be effective for the classification of slope unloading zones.

Progress in quantitative research on the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and air quality

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity(AOC)is an essential driving force of troposphere chemistry and self-cleaning,but the definition of AOC and its quantitative representation remain uncertain.Driven by national demand for air pollution control in recent years,Chinese scholars have carried out studies on theories of atmospheric chemistry and have made considerable progress in AOC research.This paper will give a brief review of these developments.First,AOC indexes were established that represent apparent atmospheric oxidizing ability(AOIe)and potential atmospheric oxidizing ability(AOIp)based on aspects of macrothermodynamics and microdynamics,respectively.A closed study refined the quantitative contributions of heterogeneous chemistry to AOC in Beijing,and these AOC methods were further applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and key areas across the country.In addition,the detection of ground or vertical profiles for atmospheric OH·,HO_(2)·,NO_(3)·radicals and reservoir molecules can now be obtained with domestic instruments in diverse environments.Moreover,laboratory smoke chamber simulations revealed heterogeneous processes involving reactions of O_(3)and NO_(2),which are typical oxidants in the surface/interface atmosphere,and the evolutionary and budgetary implications of atmospheric oxidants reacting under multispecies,multiphase and multi-interface conditions were obtained.Finally,based on the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model improved by Chinese scholars,simulations of key substances affecting atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation have been optimized.Normalized numerical simulations of AOIe and AOIp were performed,and regional coordination of AOC was adjusted.An optimized plan for controlling O_(3)and PM2.5was analyzed by scenario simulation.

A local spectrum enhancement-based method and its application in incipient fault diagnosis of rotating machinery

Incipient faults of gears and rolling bearings in rotating machineries are very difficult to identify using traditional envelope analysis methods.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an effective local spectrum enhancement‐based diagnostic method that can identify weak fault frequencies in the original complicated raw signals.For this purpose,a traversal frequency band segmentation technique is first proposed for dividing the raw signal into a series of subfrequency bands.Then,the proposed synthetic quantitative index is constructed for selecting the most informative local frequency band(ILFB)containing fault features from the divided subfrequency bands.Furthermore,an improved grasshopper optimization algorithmbased stochastic resonance(SR)system is developed for enhancing weak fault features contained in the selected most ILFB with less computation cost.Finally,the enhanced weak fault frequencies are extracted from the output of the SR system using a common spectrum analysis.Two experiments on a laboratory planetary gearbox and an open bearing data set are used to verify the effectuality of the proposed method.The diagnostic results demonstrate that the proposed method can identify incipient faults of gears and bearings in an effective and accurate manner.Furthermore,the advantages of the proposed method are highlighted by comparison with other methods.

A New Parameter as an Indicator of the Degree of Deformation of Coals

The deformation of coal is effected by thermal effect, pressures and tectonic stress, and the tectonic stress is the principal influence factor. However, the proposition of a useful quantitative index that responds to the degree of deformation of coals quantitatively or semi-quantitatively has been a long-debated issue. The vitrinite reflectance ellipsoid, that is, the reflectance indication surface（RIS） ellipsoid is considered to be a strain ellipsoid that reflects the sum of the strain increment caused by stress in the process of coalification. It has been used to describe the degree of deformation of the coal, but the effect of the anisotropy on the RIS ellipsoid has not yet been considered with regards to non-structural factors. In this paper, Wei＇s parameter（ε） is proposed to express the deformation degree of the strain ellipsoid based on considering the combined influence of thermal effect, pressure and tectonic stress. The equation is as follows： ε=√[（ε_1-ε_0）~2＋（ε_2-ε_0）~2＋（ε_3-ε_0）~2]/3, where ε_1=lnR_（max）, ε_2=lnR_（int）, ε_3=lnR_（min）, and ε_0=（ε_1＋ε_2＋ε_3）/3. Wei＇s parameter represents the distance from the surface to the spindle of the RIS logarithm ellipsoid; thus, the degree of deformation of the strain ellipsoid is indicated quantitatively. The formula itself, meanwhile, represents the absolute value of the degree of relative deformation and is consequently suitable for any type of deformation of the strain ellipsoid. Wei＇s parameter makes it possible to compare degrees of deformation among different deformation types of the strain ellipsoid. This equation has been tested in four types of coal： highly metamorphic but weakly deformed coal of the southern Qinshui Basin, highly metamorphic and strongly deformed coal from the Tianhushan coal mining area of Fujian, and medium metamorphic and weakly or strongly deformed coal from the Huaibei Coalfield. The results of Wei＇s parameters are consistent with the actual deformation degrees of the coal reservoirs determined by other methods, which supports the effectiveness of this method. In addition, Wei＇s parameter is an important complement to the indicators of the degrees of deformation of coals, which possess certain theoretical significance and practical values.

Quantified evaluation of particle shape effects from micro-to-macro scales for non-convex grains

Particle shape plays an important role in both the micro and macro scales responses of a granular assem- bly. This paper presents a systematic way to interpret the shape effects of granular material during quasi-static shearing. A more suitable shape descriptor is suggested for the quantitative analysis of the macroscale strength indexes and contact parameters for non-convex grains, with special consid- eration given to the peak state and critical state. Through a series of numerical simulations and related post-processing analysis, particle shape is found to directly influence the strain localisation patterns, microscale fabric distributions, microscale mobilisation indexes, and probability distribution of the nor- malised contact normal force. Additionally, the accuracy of the stress-force-fabric relationship can be influenced by the average normal force and the distribution of contact vectors. Moreover, particle shape plays a more important role than do the confining pressures in determining the friction angle. Strong force chains and the dilation effect are also found to be strongly influenced by the high confinin~ oressure.