Enhanced minimum attribute reduction based on quantum-inspired shuffled frog leaping algorithm

Attribute reduction in the rough set theory is an important feature selection method, but finding a minimum attribute reduction has been proven to be a non-deterministic polynomial （NP）-hard problem. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate some fast and effective approximate algorithms. A novel and enhanced quantum-inspired shuffled frog leaping based minimum attribute reduction algorithm （QSFLAR） is proposed. Evolutionary frogs are represented by multi-state quantum bits, and both quantum rotation gate and quantum mutation operators are used to exploit the mechanisms of frog population diversity and convergence to the global optimum. The decomposed attribute subsets are co-evolved by the elitist frogs with a quantum-inspired shuffled frog leaping algorithm. The experimental results validate the better feasibility and effectiveness of QSFLAR, comparing with some representa- tive algorithms. Therefore, QSFLAR can be considered as a more competitive algorithm on the efficiency and accuracy for minimum attribute reduction.

Magneto-optical properties of self-assembled InAs quantum dots for quantum information processing

Semiconductor quantum dots have been intensively investigated because of their fundamental role in solid-state quan- tum information processing. The energy levels of quantum dots are quantized and can be tuned by external field such as optical, electric, and magnetic field. In this review, we focus on the development of magneto-optical properties of single InAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs matrix, including charge injection, relaxation, tunneling, wavefunction distribution, and coupling between different dimensional materials. Finally, the perspective of coherent manipulation of quantum state of single self-assembled quantum dots by photocurrent spectroscopy with an applied magnetic field is discussed.

Performance optimization for quantum key distribution in lossy channel using entangled photons

In quantum key distribution（QKD）, the times of arrival of single photons are important for the keys extraction and time synchronization. The time-of-arrival（TOA） accuracy can affect the quantum bit error rate（QBER） and the final key rate. To achieve a higher accuracy and a better QKD performance, different from designing more complicated hardware circuits, we present a scheme that uses the mean TOA of M frequency-entangled photons to replace the TOA of a single photon. Moreover, to address the problem that the entanglement property is usually sensitive to the photon loss in practice,we further propose two schemes, which adopt partially entangled photons and grouping-entangled photons, respectively.In addition, we compare the effects of these three alternative schemes on the QKD performance and discuss the selection strategy for the optimal scheme in detail. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes can improve the QKD performance compared to the conventional single-photon scheme obviously, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

Effect of electromagnetic disturbance on the practical QKD system in the smart grid

To improve the security of the smart grid, quantum key distribution（QKD） is an excellent choice. The rapid fluctuations on the power aerial optical cable and electromagnetic disturbance in substations are two main challenges for implementation of QKD. Due to insensitivity to birefringence of the channel, the stable phase-coding Faraday–Michelson QKD system is very practical in the smart grid. However, the electromagnetic disturbance in substations on this practical QKD system should be considered. The disturbance might change the rotation angle of the Faraday mirror, and would introduce an additional quantum bit error rate（QBER）. We derive the new fringe visibility of the system and the additional QBER from the electromagnetic disturbance. In the worst case, the average additional QBER only increases about 0.17% due to the disturbance, which is relatively small to normal QBER values. We also find the way to degrade the electromagnetic disturbance on the QKD system.

Security performance analysis and the parameters simulation of quantum virtual private network based on IPSec protocol

Traditional virtual private networks（ VPNs） are conditional security. In order to ensure the security and confidentiality of user data transmission,a model of quantum VPN based on Internet protocol security（ IPSec）protocol is proposed. By using quantum keys for key distribution and entangled particles for identity authentication in the network,a secure quantum VPN is relized. The important parameters affecting the performance of the VPN was analyzed. The quantitative relationship between the security key generation rate,the quantum bit error rate（ QBER） and the transmission distance was obtained. The factors that affect the system throughput were also analyzed and simulated. Finally,the influence of the quantum noise channel on the entanglement swapping was analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that,under a limited number of decoy states,with the transmission distance increased from 0 to 112. 5 km,the secure key generation rate was reduced from 5. 63 × 10^-3 to 1. 22 × 10^-5. When the number of decoy states is fixed,the QBER increases dramatically with the increase of the transmission distance,and the maximum reaches 0. 393. Analysis shows that various factors in communication have a significant impact on system throughput. The generation rate of the effective entanglement photon pairs have decisive effect on the system throughput. Therefore,in the process of quantum VPN communication,various parameters of the system should be properly adjusted to communicate within a safe transmission distance,which can effectively improve the reliability of the quantum communication system.