A highly sensitive LITES sensor based on a multi-pass cell with dense spot pattern and a novel quartz tuning fork with low frequency

A highly sensitive light-induced thermoelectric spectroscopy(LITES)sensor based on a multi-pass cell(MPC)with dense spot pattern and a novel quartz tuning fork(QTF)with low resonance frequency is reported in this manuscript.An erbi-um-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)was employed to amplify the output optical power so that the signal level was further enhanced.The optical path length(OPL)and the ratio of optical path length to volume(RLV)of the MPC is 37.7 m and 13.8 cm^(-2),respectively.A commercial QTF and a self-designed trapezoidal-tip QTF with low frequency of 9461.83 Hz were used as the detectors of the sensor,respectively.The target gas selected to test the performance of the system was acetylene(C2H2).When the optical power was constant at 1000 mW,the minimum detection limit(MDL)of the C2H2-LITES sensor can be achieved 48.3 ppb when using the commercial QTF and 24.6 ppb when using the trapezoid-al-tip QTF.An improvement of the detection performance by a factor of 1.96 was achieved after replacing the commer-cial QTF with the trapezoidal-tip QTF.

Diffusion and reaction mechanism of limestone and quartz in fluxed iron ore pellet roasting process

The increase to the proportion of fluxed pellets in the blast furnace burden is a useful way to reduce the carbon emissions in the ironmaking process.In this study,the interaction between calcium carbonate and iron ore powder and the mineralization mechanism of fluxed iron ore pellet in the roasting process were investigated through diffusion couple experiments.Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the elements’diffusion and phase transformation during the roasting process.The results indicated that limestone decomposed into calcium oxide,and magnetite was oxidized to hematite at the early stage of preheating.With the increase in roasting temperature,the diffusion rate of Fe and Ca was obviously accelerated,while the diffusion rate of Si was relatively slow.The order of magnitude of interdiffusion coefficient of Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO diffusion couple was 10^(−10) m^(2)·s^(−1) at a roasting temperature of 1200℃for 9 h.Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) was the initial product in the Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2) diffusion interface,and then Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) continued to react with Fe_(2)O_(3) to form CaFe_(2)O_(4).With the expansion of the diffusion region,the sillico-ferrite of calcium liquid phase was produced due to the melting of SiO_(2) into CaFe_(2)O_(4),which can strengthen the consolidation of fluxed pellets.Furthermore,andradite would be formed around a small part of quartz particles,which is also conducive to the consolidation of fluxed pellets.In addition,the principle diagram of limestone and quartz diffusion reaction in the process of fluxed pellet roasting was discussed.

Etching of quartz crystals in liquid phase environment:A review

Quartz crystals are the most widely used material in resonant sensors,owing to their excellent piezoelectric and mechanical properties.With the development of portable and wearable devices,higher processing efficiency and geometrical precision are required.Wet etching has been proven to be the most efficient etching method for large-scale production of quartz devices,and many wet etching approaches have been developed over the years.However,until now,there has been no systematic review of quartz crystal etching in liquid phase environments.Therefore,this article provides a comprehensive review of the development of wet etching processes and the achievements of the latest research in thisfield,covering conventional wet etching,additive etching,laser-induced backside wet etching,electrochemical etching,and electrochemical discharge machining.For each technique,a brief overview of its characteristics is provided,associated problems are described,and possible solutions are discussed.This review should provide an essential reference and guidance for the future development of processing strategies for the manufacture of quartz crystal devices.

Unveiling Nb-Ta mineralization processes:Insight from quartz textural and chemical characteristics in the Songshugang deposit,Jiangxi Province,South China

The Songshugang deposit is a large Ta-Nb deposit in South China,with Ta-Nb mineralization associated genetically with the granite and pegmatite.A diversity of quartz from topaz-albite granite,quartz-mica pegmatite,quartz-feldspar pegmatite,and quartz-fluorite pegmatite at Songshugang was studied by CL and LA-ICP-MS in order to constrain enrichment mechanisms of Nb and Ta and to find geochemical indicators of quartz for rare metal deposits.Cathodoluminescence image illuminates a canvas of complexity,the quartz from topaz-albite granite,quartz-mica pegmatite,quartz-feldspar pegmatite,and quartz-fluorite pegmatite,exhibits numerous dark CL streaks,patches,and a series of healed fractures.These textures suggest that the rocks were fractured because of deep crustal pressure,and underwent later hydrothermal metasomatism and quartz filling.The quartz from quartz-fluorite pegmatite present limited patches or fractures but distinct growth bands,indicating that the melt fluid composition during the formation of quartz at this stage varies greatly and is less aff ected by mechanical fragmentation.The LA-ICP-MS analysis of quartz shows that there is a positive correlation between Al and Li in the quartz from topaz-albite granite,quartz-mica pegmatite,quartz-feldspar pegmatite,to quartz-fluorite pegmatite,indicating that Al mainly enters the quartz lattice through charge compensation substitution mechanism with Li.However,our data deviate from the theoretical Li:Al mass ratio of~1:3.89 in quartz,indicating that there may be competition between H^(+)and Li in a water-rich magmatic environment.The quartz from topaz-albite granite is enriched in K and Na elements,and the quartz from quartz-fluorite pegmatite is enriched in fluorite with a low Ca content in quartz,further elucidating that these rocks were subjected to hydrothermal metasomatism.From topaz-albitite granite to quartz-fluorite pegmatite,Al,Li and Ge content and Al/Ti,Ge/Ti,Sb/Ti ratios in quartz gradually increased,but Ti content gradually decreased,reflecting the high evolution of magma,which can enrich rare metal elements.Based on the characteristics of quartz CL textures and trace elements in topaz-albite granite,quartz-mica pegmatite,quartz-feldspar pegmatite,and quartz-fluorite pegmatite,combined with the albitization and K-feldspathization of rocks,it is suggested that the Nb-Ta mineralization in Songshugang may be influenced by the combined action of magmatic crystallization differentiation and fluid metasomatism.By comparing the quartz in the Songshugang pluton with the quartz in the granite type and pegmatite type rare metal deposits recognized in the world,the Songshugang pegmatite share similarities with the LCT-type pegmatite.Combined with previous studies,the Ge/Ti>0.1 and Ti<10 ppm,as well as Al,Li,Ge,Sb,K,Na contents and Al/Ti,Sb/Ti ratios in quartz have the potential to be a powerful exploration marker for identifying granite-like pegmatitic Nb-Ta deposits in other places.

Trace elements in magmatic and hydrothermal quartz:Implications on the genesis of the Xingluokeng Tungsten Deposit,South China

The Xingluokeng deposit is the largest gran-ite-related tungsten deposit within the Wuyi metallogenic belt in South China.The Xingluokeng intrusion primarily consists of porphyritic biotite granite,biotite granite,andfine-grained granite.The deposit is represented by veinlet-disseminated mineralization with K-feldspathization and biotitization,alongside quartz-vein mineralization with gre-isenization and sericitization.This study investigates in-situ analyses of quartz compositions from both the intrusion and hydrothermal veinlets and veins.Trace element correlations indicate that trivalent Al^(3+)and Fe^(3+)replace Si^(4+)within the quartz lattice,with monovalent cations(such as Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))primarily serving as charge compensators.Low Ge/Al ratios(<0.013)of quartz from granites suggest a mag-matic origin.The low Al/Ti and Ge/Ti ratios,accompanied by high Ti contents in quartz,suggest that the porphyritic biotite granite and biotite granite are characterized by rela-tively low levels of differentiation and high crystallization temperatures.In contrast,thefine-grained granite exhibits a higher degree of fractionation,lower crystallization tem-peratures,and a closer association with tungsten miner-alization.Ti contents in quartz from quartz veins indicate Qz-Ⅰformed at temperatures above 400°C,while Qz-Ⅱto Qz-Ⅴformed at temperatures below 350°C.Variations in different generations of quartz,as indicated by Al content and(Al+Fe)/(Li+Na+K)ratio,suggest that Qz-Ⅰprecipi-tated from a less acidicfluid with a stable pH,whereas Qz-Ⅱto Qz-Ⅴoriginated from a more acidicfluid with notable pH variations.Consequently,alkaline alteration and acidic alteration supplied the essential Ca and Fe for the precipita-tion of scheelite and wolframite,respectively,highlighting a critical mechanism in tungsten mineralization at the Xin-gluokeng deposit.

Synergistic strengthening mechanism of Ca^(2+)-sodium silicate to selective separation of feldspar and quartz

Inhibitors are important for flotation separation of quartz and feldspar.In this study,a novel combined inhibitor was used to separate quartz and feldspar in near-neutral pulp.Selective inhibition of the combined inhibitor was assessed by micro-flotation experiments.And a series of detection methods were used to detect differences in the surface properties of feldspars and quartz after flotation reagents and put forward the synergistic strengthening mechanism.The outcomes were pointed out that pre-mixing combined inhibitors were more effective than the addition of Ca^(2+)and SS in sequence under the optimal proportion of 1:5.A concentrate from artificial mixed minerals that was characterized by a high quartz grade and a high recovery was acquired,and was found to be 90.70wt% and 83.70%,respectively.It was demonstrated that the combined inhibitor selectively prevented the action of the collector and feldspar from Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)and adsorption capacity tests.The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)indicated that Ca^(2+)directly interacts with the surface of quartz to increase the adsorption of collectors.In contrast,the chemistry property of Al on the feldspar surface was altered by combined inhibitor due to Na^(+)and Ca^(2+)taking the place of K^(+),resulting in the composite inhibitor forms a hydrophilic structure,which prevents the adsorption of the collector on the surface of feldspar by interacting with the Al active site.The combination of Ca^(2+)and SS synergically strengthens the difference of collecting property between quartz and feldspar by collector,thus achieving the effect of efficient separation.A new strategy for flotation to separate quartz from feldspar in near-neutral pulp was provided.

Quartz调度器与Web程序整合的研究和应用

Quartz是一个开源的作业调度框架,它完全由Java写成,运用于J2SE和J2EE应用中,能够为执行一个作业而创建简单或复杂的调度。本文简要阐述它的机制原理以及在Web中的任务制作和调度的应用过程及整合原理。

Flotation separation of andalusite from quartz using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector

The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by means of zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis. The single mineral experiments showed that andalusite got good floatability in acidic pH region while quartz exhibited very poor floatability in the whole pH range. At pH 3, the presence of Fe3+ obviously activated quartz, causing the identical flotation behavior of the two minerals, and calcium lignosulphonate exhibited good selective inhibition to quartz. The real ore test results showed that andalusite concentrate with 53.46% Al2O3 and quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 were obtained. The zeta potential and infrared spectroscopic analysis results indicated that chemical adsorption occurred between sodium petroleum sulfonate and andalusite.

Contribution of components from volume defect in natural pyrite and quartz to solution chemistry of flotation pulp

The volume defects in pure pyrite and quartz from a classical Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sulfide deposit were investigated.The results indicate that a large number of volume defects exist in natural pyrite and quartz.The volume defects assume a variety of shapes,including long strips,oval shapes and irregular shapes,with sizes ranging from a few microns to dozens of microns.These volume defects are rich in metallogenic elements as a result of the capture of metallogenic and mineralizing fluid during the defect-forming process.The volume defects are fractured during the grinding process,and their chemical components are released into the solution,as confirmed by the abundant presence of various metal and non-metal components in the cleaning water and EDS results.Under the experimental conditions of 10 g pyrite or quartz with grinding fineness of d90=37 μm,which was cleaned in 40 m L of pure deionised water under an inert atmosphere,the total average concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg and Cl-in the aqueous solution are 32.09×10^-7,16.51×10^-7,19.45×10^-7,516.52×10^-7,129.50×10^-7,35.30×10^-7 and 433.80×10^-7 mol/L,respectively,for pyrite and 19.20×10^-7,8.88×10^-7,8.31×10^-7,82.71×10^-7,16.21×10^-7,4.28×10^-7 and 731.26×10^-7 mol/L,respectively,for quartz.These values are significantly greater than those from the experimental non-oxidative dissolution of the pyrite or quartz,respectively.Therefore,the metallogenic fluid in volume defects of mineral crystal is concluded to represent the dominant contribution to the solution chemistry of sulfide flotation pulp.The present investigation will help to deeply understand the flotation theory of sulfide minerals.

Finite Element Simulation of the Vibratory Characteristics for Quartz Tuning Fork Gyroscope

The micro quartz crystal tuning fork gyroscope is a new type of vibratory gyroscope. The gyroscope should be analyzed and simulated early in the design stage in order to offer reliable basis for design and to shorten the period of development. Thus the vibratory characteristics of the gyroscope is simulated with the finite element method of coupled field. The optimum exciting frequency and the factors which influence the gyroscope sensitivity are determined. The method for adjusting the frequency deviation between driving and detecting modes is also proposed.

Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维牙周夹板治疗重度慢性牙周炎的效果评价

目的:观察Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维牙周夹板治疗重度慢性牙周炎的临床效果。方法:选取重度牙周炎患者48例,随机分为两组,每组24例。A组:在洁治,刮治和根面平整12周后,比较治疗前后的牙周探诊深度和牙周附着丧失情况;B组:在在洁治,刮治,根面平整和Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维牙周固定后,12周后比较治疗前后的牙周探诊深度和牙周附着丧失情况。结果:两组治疗前后的牙周探诊深度和牙周附着丧失均比治疗前有明显减少,比较有统计学意义。两组治疗后比较,B组较A组减少明显,有统计学意义。结论:对于重度慢性牙周炎,洁治、刮治和根面平整后患者牙周状况会有明显改善,对松动明显的患牙再辅以Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维牙周夹板固定,牙周状况改善更加明显。

Quartz Splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维夹板在前牙正畸保持中的应用

目的:评价应用新型Quartz Splint TM高强度石英纤维夹板进行前牙正畸保持的临床效果,为选择适当正畸保持方法提供依据。方法:选择62例完成正畸常规治疗后需局部加强保持者,将患者按照随访时间分为3个月组、6个月组和12个月组。应用Quartz Splint TM高强度石英纤维夹板对前牙进行固定。目视和器械检查每个组保持器有无脱落位点,牙齿间隙及扭转错位有无复发同时检查保持器区域内牙周健康状况,即检查探诊深度(PD)、出血指数(BI)和菌斑指数(PLI),评价Quartz Splint TM高强度石英纤维夹板在前牙正畸保持中的应用效果。结果:62例患者中,60例患者Quartz Splint TM高强度石英纤维夹板均固位良好,无松脱及断裂且间隙及扭转,均未复发。仅有2例纤维夹板分别在第6个月和第12个月个别位点脱落但无断裂。随访期内Quartz Splint TM高强度石英纤维夹板总完好率为96.77%,且患者牙周状况健康。结论:应用Quartz Splint TM高强度石英纤维夹板对前牙区散在间隙或者扭转牙正畸后固定保持可获得稳定的临床效果。

基于Quartz的网管系统任务调度的实现

网管系统的大部分功能都需要以任务调度的形式实现,介绍了基于Quartz框架的网管系统任务调度的实现方法。实践证明,该方法具有较好的扩展性,在大量任务并发的网管系统中执行效率较高。

Quartz Splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维夹板固定前牙的效果评价

目的:评价应用新型Quartz SplintTM高强度石英纤维夹板固定前牙的临床效果,为治疗牙周炎导致的牙齿松动提供临床依据。方法:应用Quartz SplintTM高强度石英纤维夹板对32例慢性牙周炎患者Ⅱ°、Ⅲ°松动前牙进行固定,观察固定前和固定后3、6个月牙周探诊深度(PD)、牙周附着水平(AL)和牙槽骨高度的变化。结果:松牙固定后3个月,患牙的PD由(4.39±1.26)mm减至(3.16±0.37)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);AL由(3.56±1.17)mm减至(3.34±1.03)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。固定后6个月PD为(3.21±0.25)mm,与固定前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);AL为(3.36±1.31)mm,与固定前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与固定3个月比较差异无统计学意义。X线显示所有患牙均无进一步的骨吸收,临床状况改善明显。结论:应用Quartz SplintTM高强度石英纤维夹板固定前牙可获得较满意的临床效果。

基于Quartz与Spring的动态任务调度系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了Quartz框架的功能和特点,将Quartz框架和Spring框架进行整合,设计并实现了一个动态任务调度系统,该系统简化了Java EE Web系统中任务调度功能的开发,使得任务调度变的灵活和简单。

Adsorption of Microcystin onto Polymer Covered Gold Chips by Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Dissipation Detection

Different functional polystyrenes were synthesized and the adsorptions of microcystin-LR onto those resins were monitored by quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation. Both adsorption pH and surface properties had a considerable effect on the adsorption amount, while adsorption temperature was less significant. Ammonium polystyrene would be a better candidate for microcystin-LR adsorption at neutral pH conditions.

Nanosecond Rapid Crystallization of Water Induced by Quartz Glass under Dynamic Compression

Optical transmission characteristics of water between quartz glass under shock compression are in situ observed by using the technique of missile-borne light source. Through these transmission properties, the phase transition of liquid water is studied. The experimental results show that liquid water exhibits transparency decline phenomenon when the pressure is lower than 2 GPa under shock compression process, and the transparency variation is related to the existence of quartz glass. So, the transparency decline is attributed to a quartz-induced freezing phenomenon of water.

基于Quartz的值班读网系统的设计与实现

为保证网站正常运行,及时发现不可预见异常并处理问题,许多单位安排了人工值班读网工作,需要一个集中式的系统,提供读网计划的设置、管理、监控和统计。通过Quartz这个开源轻量级作业调度框架,不但可以简单创建复杂调度任务,还能提供灵活有效的策略进行任务的定时执行。基于Quartz框架实现的值班读网系统,功能丰富,可实现操作的自动化及无纸化,提高读网值守管理工作的效率,降低值班管理的工作难度,推动网站安全综合治理能力水平不断提升。

使用Quartz.net定时备份SQL Server

采用Quartz.net作业调度框架,实现定时备份SQL Server数据库功能,提高了工作效率。

Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维和Super-Bond C&B粘结剂固定下前牙松动牙疗效比较

目的:比较Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维和Super-Bond C&B粘结剂固定慢性牙周炎下前牙松动牙的临床效果。方法:选取下前牙松动需要做牙周夹板松牙固定患者40例,随机分为两组。A组:在洁治、刮治和根面平整后,使用Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维做牙周固定;B组:在在洁治、刮治和根面平整后,使用Super-Bond C&B粘结剂做牙周固定。两组固定后即刻让患者对于固定物做出异物感评价。固定6个月后比较治疗前后的牙周探诊深度和牙周附着丧失情况。结果:两组治疗前后的牙周探诊深度和牙周附着丧失均比治疗前有明显减少,有统计学意义。组间比较,无统计学意义。固定后即刻异物感评价,B组优于A组,有统计学意义。结论:对于下前牙松动的患者,洁治、刮治和根面平整后使用Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维和Super-Bond C&B粘结剂牙周夹板固定,均可以使牙周状况明显改善。Super-Bond C&B粘结剂牙周夹板异物感小于Quartz splint^(TM)高强度石英纤维。