ANALYSIS OF ZERO-VOLTAGE QUASI-RESONANT BOOST DC-DC CONVERTER

The zero-voltage quasi-resonant boost switching DC-DC converter has been inves-tigated by using the time averaging equivalent circuit approach of periodically switching linearnetworks.The DC steady state and AC small signal characteristics of the converter are also given.

Dynamics and Operation-State Estimation of Current-Mode Controlled Flyback Converter

By utilizing total magnetic flux φ of the primary and secondary windings of the flyback transformer as a state variable, the discrete-time model of current-mode controlled flyback converter is established, upon which the bifurcation behaviors of the converter are analyzed and two boundary classification equations of the orbit state shifting are obtained. The operation state regions of the current-mode controlled flyback converter are well classified by two boundary classification equations. The theoretical analysis results are verified by power electronics simulator （PSIM）. The estimation of operation-state regions for the flyback converter is useful for the design of circuit parameters, stability control of chaos, and chaos-based applications.

Multi-mode controller IC for soft-switched flyback converter with high efficiency over the entire load range

This paper presents a multi-mode control scheme for a soft-switched flyback converter to achieve high efficiency and excellent load regulation over the entire load range. At heavy load, critical conduction mode with valley switching (CCMVS) is employed to realize soft switching so as to reduce turn-on loss of power switch as well as conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). At light load, the converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with valley switching and adaptive off-time control (AOT) to limit the switching frequency range and maintain load regulation. At extremely light load or in standby mode, burst mode operation is adopted to provide low power consumption through reducing both switching frequency and static power dissipation of the controller. The multi-mode control is implemented by an oscillator whose pulse duration is adjusted by output feedback. An accurate valley switching control circuit guarantees the minimum turn-on voltage drop of power switch. The pro-totype of the controller IC was fabricated in a 1.5-μm BiCMOS process and applied to a 310 V/20 V, 90 W flyback DC/DC converter circuitry. Experimental results showed that all expected functions were realized successfully. The flyback converter achieved a high efficiency of over 80% from full load down to 2.5 W, with the maximum reaching 88.8%, while the total power consumption in standby mode was about 300 mW.

Effects of switching frequency and leakage inductance on slow-scale stability in a voltage controlled flyback converter

The effects of both the switching frequency and the leakage inductance on the slow-scale stability in a voltage controlled flyback converter are investigated in this paper. Firstly, the system description and its mathematical model are presented. Then, the improved averaged model, which covers both the switching frequency and the leakage inductance, is established, and the effects of these two parameters on the slow-scale stability in the system are analyzed. It is found that the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation in the system is the main reason for losing its slow-scale stability and both the switching frequency and the leakage inductance have an important effect on this slow-scale stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved averaged model and that of the corresponding theoretical analysis are confirmed by the simulation results and the experimental results.

PRIMARY SIDE DETECTION AND PEAK CURRENT MODE CONTROL IN FLYBACK CONVERTER

A new cycle-by-cycle control flyback converter with primary side detection and peak current mode control is proposed and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The flyback converter is verified by the OrCAD simulator. The main advantages of this converter over the conventional one are simplicity, small size, rapid regulating and no sensing control signals over the isolation barrier. The circuit is suitable for digital control implementations.

Advanced Burst Mode Control to Reduce the Standby Power of Flyback Converter

This paper we proposed advanced burst mode control technique to reduce the standby power consumption of the switch mode power supply (SMPS). To reduce the standby power consumption, most of the converter use burst mode or skip mode control technique. However Conventional standby mode control techniques have some problems such as audible noise and poor regulation. In proposed techniques, basically, the burst mode control technique is employed to reduce the fundamental switching frequency while limiting the peak drain current. But, in proposed technique, to improve the regulation characteristic, burst period of the proposed technique is shorter than that of the conventional burst mode technique. And also, to reduce the switching loss increase due to the short burst period, burst switching signal of the proposed technique is partially skipped. By using proposed advanced burst mode control technique, calculated standby power is 0.695W while standby power of the conventional burst mode control is 1.014W.

具有自驱动有源缓冲器的GaN基高效准谐振反激式功率变换器

提出了一种具有自驱动有源缓冲器的GaN基高效准谐振(QR)反激式功率变换器,以解决准谐振反激式功率变换器中开关管关断时电压过高的问题。电路以GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)器件为主开关管和同步整流器开关管,自驱动有源缓冲器由钳位电容和有源开关管组成。该变换器在主开关管关断期间将开关管的电压浪涌钳位为恒定电压,由于有源开关管驱动信号由变压器的次级侧电流控制,因此不需要单独的控制电路。为验证所提出的变换器和控制电路的有效性,搭建了一个60 W的AC-DC功率变换器,测试结果表明,主开关管的最大电压浪涌约为450 V,具有高达91.6%的能量转换效率。

一种双极性输出端口电压自平衡隔离型DC/DC变换器

隔离型DC/DC变换器通过多绕组变压器可方便地实现多路或双极性输出,但因交叉调整率问题,在负载不平衡时输出各端口电压存在较大偏差。针对该问题,该文基于反激变换器推导出一种双极性端口电压自平衡隔离型DC/DC变换器。所提方案结构简单、成本低,在不改变传统反激变换器驱动及控制电路设计的情况下能够较好的实现端口电压自平衡,且所提变换器结构具有可拓展性。文中首先详细阐述了所提变换器拓扑的推演过程,然后对变换器的工作原理、性能特点以及电压自平衡机理进行分析。最后,搭建了一台150 W的实验样机,验证了所提变换器理论分析的正确性和有效性。

一款高效率宽输入电压边界导通模式反激变换器

本文提出了一款高效率、宽输入电压的边界导通模式反激变换器结构。为了防止负载切换过程中芯片过压和欠压,提出了一种由电流调节电路(CRC)与自适应频率控制电路(AFCC)组成的新型模式切换环路,实现了芯片在不同模式之间的平滑切换,提高了负载的瞬态响应和转换效率;通过在环路中引入电流调节控制技术,减小了低纹波突发模式(LRBM)下的原边充电电流和输出最小负载电流,从而减小轻负载下的开关频率,降低功耗。基于0.18μmBCD工艺,实现了电路设计和版图设计,芯片面积为1.48×2.5mm^(2)。仿真结果表明,变换器在输入电压为3~32V、输出电压为5V时,轻、重负载切换过程中的输出电压瞬态响应最大变化为6%,峰值转换效率为88.6%。

基于反激变换器的电池充电系统设计

以具有结构简单、电气隔离等优点的反激变换器为电池充电电源,分析反激变换器电路的连续和断续模式工作原理,通过设计电压电流双闭环控制方法,实现电池的恒流充电模式和恒电压充电模式,也可实现两种充电模式的切换。实验结果证明了反激变换器的连续工作模式和断续工作模式的正确性,验证了应用于电池充电电源的可行性和有效性,切换时间小于1 ms,电压波动小于1 V。

一种新型交错并联Boost-Flyback直流升压变换器

光伏/燃料电池发电系统的前级输出电压低,为提高输出电压通常需要高升压比直流变换器。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的交错并联Boost-Flyback变换器(interleaved Boost-Flyback converter,IBFC)。该变换器采用Boost与Flyback变换器交错并联的方式来减小输入输出纹波,并利用Flyback变换器的变压器匝比来获得较高的电压增益。Flyback变换器的变压器主边通过电容与输出端相连接,可将输入侧漏感能量转移到输出,减小了漏感损耗。变换器中间的储能电容极大减小了开关管的电压应力,进一步提高了转换效率。分析了IBFC的各种工作状态,推导了各元件的电压应力。实验结果验证了变换器的可行性。

高效率高增益Boost-Flyback直流变换器

提出一种基于Boost拓扑与反激拓扑有机组合思想的Boost-Flyback变换器,Boost环节与反激环节共用输入支路,使电感–变压器的漏感能量得以利用,消除了漏感损耗,并实现了开关管电压钳位,减小了开关管电压应力;Boost与反激环节的输出支路串联,实现了高电压增益;Boost-Flyback变换器输入并联输出串联,进一步提高了变换器的电压增益,同时减小了输入输出电压及电流纹波。提出新拓扑的DCM-ZVS工作模式控制方法,并在开环方式下实现了输出功率的控制。详细分析拓扑的工作原理、电压增益特性及控制方法。通过230 W 30 V/380 V的实验样机验证理论分析的有效性。

改进反激拓扑模式下远端稳压电源控制方案

为提高远端稳压电源的供电质量,最大限度的在高可靠性前提下保证发射设备输出电压快速、平稳地达到设定值,提出一种改进反激拓扑模式下远端稳压电源设计方式,并建立相应数学模型。设计了前置论域整定的模糊比例积分微分(PID)控制算法,通过论域整定模型将模糊PID参数直接映射到模糊规则下,消除试凑法偶然性的同时消除了量化因子对误差的放大作用,有效地避免了过度调整的现象;引用模糊逻辑来实时处理远端稳压电源的动态参量值,并根据反模糊映射函数将生成的量化值映射到控制元件。仿真环境模拟结果表明:与模糊PID控制相比,前置论域整定的模糊PID控制算法具有优良稳态性能,调节时间缩短48.1%,响应时间缩短了28.6%并降低到1.4 ms;与此同时,该控制方案能够有效地抵抗突发性干扰,稳压输出时间缩短了45.5%,响应时间缩短到37.5%。实验结果表明:前置整定模糊PID控制算法可以运用到实际工业环境中,与工业环境下传统控制算法比,前置整定模糊PID控制算法可以大幅提高远端稳压电源的供电质量,具备优良的鲁棒性。

基于分数阶混沌的反激变换器辐射EMI主动抑制

快速通断的开关信号是造成开关电源电磁干扰EMI(electromagnetic interference)的主要原因。目前,关于混沌抑制EMI技术的研究主要集中在利用整数阶混沌抑制传导EMI。在此基础上,本文对分数阶混沌在辐射EMI上的抑制以及最优阶次的选取问题展开研究。首先,通过分数阶Lorenz的频谱特性及Lyapunov指数谱分析,优选出1.8阶Lorenz信号为最佳扩频序列;其次,基于变开关频率抑制EMI技术的基本原理,在STM32单片机中分别实现了定频、整数阶、2.7阶、1.8阶Lorenz混沌扩频PWM信号,在一台5 W反激变换器中进行近场辐射实验,证明了1.8阶Lorenz信号对近场磁场辐射抑制作用最强;最后,测得分数阶Lorenz混沌与定频PWM控制下,样机的整机效率相差2%左右,验证了分数阶混沌PWM在辐射EMI抑制性能上的优越性。

一种Flyback-Boost非隔离型高增益直流变换器

提出一种Flyback变换器与Boost变换器相结合的非隔离型高增益直流变换器。该变换器中的Flyback变换器变压器原边电感和Boost变换器电感共用,Flyback变换器的开关管和Boost变换器开关管共用,Flyback变换器的输出和Boost变换器的输出串联,变压器漏感能量能够回馈到Boost变换器的输出,从而获得高增益高效率特性。电路具有结构简单、开关器件电压应力减少的优点。详细分析了拓扑工作原理、电压增益与效率特性。制作了一台100kHz开关频率/80W负载/24V输入/200V输出的实验样机,样机在轻载下可达到91.6%的效率,实验波形验证了理论分析的正确性。

单开关Buck-Flyback功率因数校正变换器

针对传统Buck功率因数校正(power factor correction,PFC)变换器输入电流谐波分量高的问题,提出一种单开关Buck-Flyback PFC变换器。它由Buck PFC变换器与Flyback PFC变换器的输入和输出分别并联并合并主开关管而构成。当输入电压低于输出电压时,变换器工作于Flyback模式,消除了传统Buck PFC变换器的输入电流死区,进而降低了输入电流谐波。分析工作在断续模式的单开关Buck-Flyback PFC变换器的输入电流特性,理论分析表明,该变换器可在全电压输入范围内获得高功率因数与低总谐波失真率,满足IEC 61000-3-2 C类法规对输入电流各次谐波的要求。最后,通过一台96 W实验样机验证理论分析的正确性。

Boost-Flyback单级PFC变换器

设计Boost-Flyback单级功率因数校正(Power factor correction,PFC)变换器主要应着眼于两点:一是功率因数(Power factor,PF)值要求;二是直流母线电压。为了给设计提供依据,本文详细推导了其功率因数及储能电容电压表达式,分析了它们与电路参数的关系,定量地给出变换器达到所需PF值的条件,指出当后级Flyback工作在电流断续模式(Discontinuous current mode,DCM)时,储能电容电压不随负载变轻而上升,避免了功率器件电压应力过高的问题。最后设计了PF>0.9的原理样机,通过实验验证了分析的正确性。

实现二次升压功能的Forward和Flyback变换器

为了克服光伏/燃料电池发电系统前级输出电压低,确保光伏/燃料电池在并网前实现高电压增益,介绍了2种组合设计的直流变换器(Boost-Forward和Boost-Flyback)的设计原理。通过Or CAD Pspice软件对其进行建模和仿真,证明了这种设计原理的准确性和用于提高太阳能电池输出电压的可行性。通过对降低输入电流纹波、输出电压纹波和开关管电压应力进行仿真分析,实现电路参数的最优化设计。

准谐振与有源钳位反激变换器的性能比较和分析

高频、高效和高功率密度已成为AC-DC变换器重要的设计指标。传统准谐振反激变换器因其漏感能量多借助无源电阻元件以热能形式释放,不具备ZVS特性,限制了功率密度的进一步提升,而有源钳位反激变换器能弥补准谐振反激变换器的不足。先简述准谐振反激变换器与有源钳位反激变换器的工作原理,接着分析准谐振与有源钳位反激变换器主要性能指标差异,然后设计并制作两款48 W的准谐振反激变换器样机和有源钳位反激变换器样机以便获得相关的试验数据,作为性能比较分析的依据。