Monte Carlo Simulation of Fractures Using Isogeometric Boundary Element Methods Based on POD-RBF

This paper presents a novel framework for stochastic analysis of linear elastic fracture problems.Monte Carlo simulation(MCs)is adopted to address the multi-dimensional uncertainties,whose computation cost is reduced by combination of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD)and the Radial Basis Function(RBF).In order to avoid re-meshing and retain the geometric exactness,isogeometric boundary element method(IGABEM)is employed for simulation,in which the Non-Uniform Rational B-splines(NURBS)are employed for representing the crack surfaces and discretizing dual boundary integral equations.The stress intensity factors(SIFs)are extracted by M integral method.The numerical examples simulate several cracked structures with various uncertain parameters such as load effects,materials,geometric dimensions,and the results are verified by comparison with the analytical solutions.

Comparison of GUF and Monte Carlo methods to evaluate task-specific uncertainty in laser tracker measurement

Measurement uncertainty plays an important role in laser tracking measurement analyses. In the present work, the guides to the expression of uncertainty in measurement(GUM) uncertainty framework(GUF) and its supplement, the Monte Carlo method, were used to estimate the uncertainty of task-specific laser tracker measurements. First, the sources of error in laser tracker measurement were analyzed in detail, including instruments, measuring network fusion, measurement strategies, measurement process factors(such as the operator), measurement environment, and task-specific data processing. Second, the GUM and Monte Carlo methods and their application to laser tracker measurement were presented. Finally, a case study involving the uncertainty estimation of a cylindricity measurement process using the GUF and Monte Carlo methods was illustrated. The expanded uncertainty results(at 95% confidence levels) obtained with the Monte Carlo method are 0.069 mm(least-squares criterion) and 0.062 mm(minimum zone criterion), respectively, while with the GUM uncertainty framework, none but the result of least-squares criterion can be got, which is 0.071 mm. Thus, the GUM uncertainty framework slightly underestimates the overall uncertainty by 10%. The results demonstrate that the two methods have different characteristics in task-specific uncertainty evaluations of laser tracker measurements. The results indicate that the Monte Carlo method is a practical tool for applying the principle of propagation of distributions and does not depend on the assumptions and limitations required by the law of propagation of uncertainties(GUF). These features of the Monte Carlo method reduce the risk of an unreliable measurement of uncertainty estimation, particularly in cases of complicated measurement models, without the need to evaluate partial derivatives. In addition, the impact of sampling strategy and evaluation method on the uncertainty of the measurement results can also be taken into account with Monte Carlo method, which plays a guiding role in measurement planning.

Monte Carlo方法在移动通信可靠性分析中的应用

文章主要探讨Monte Carlo方法在移动通信可靠性分析中的应用,并引入重要抽样技术对Monte Carlo方法进行优化。首先,文章介绍Monte Carlo方法的基本原理及其在移动通信可靠性分析中的应用。其次,引入重要抽样技术对该方法进行优化。最后,利用优化网络工程工具(Optimized Network Engineering Tools,OPNET)模拟平台构建相应的移动通信网络模型,并对比Monte Carlo方法和本文研究的优化方法在不同样本数量下的性能差异。结果表明,重要抽样技术的引入显著提高了Monte Carlo方法在移动通信可靠性分析中的准确性和效率,减少了方差,验证了该方法在移动通信可靠性分析中的有效性和实用性。

SEMI-BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE-INPUT/MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SYSTEMS BASED ON MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO METHODS

This paper addresses the issues of channel estimation in a Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is employed to jointly estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) and the transmitted signals. The deduced algorithms can work well under circumstances of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Simulation results are presented to demonstrate their effectiveness.

基于Monte Carlo法的苯乙烯-丙烯腈单链模拟

聚合物链组成和分布对聚合物的性能具有十分重要的意义。基于此,本文参考某企业的单体配方,首先建立了二元共聚链增长模型,并采用Monte Carlo法对苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚单链的链增长过程进行了模拟,分析对比了单体比对转化率及丙烯腈结合率的影响,考察了分批加料对链结构均匀性的影响。结果表明:当转化率高于91%时,丙烯腈结合率的变化率大于0.5%,造成共聚物分布不均;在考察的单体比范围内,原料中丙烯腈含量越低(大于25%),展现出来的共聚产物越均匀,可调节的转化率范围就越宽;当原料中丙烯腈为27%~35%,转化率在85.0%以上时,丙烯腈瞬时结合率的变化率仅在±0.5%的范围内波动,且丙烯腈平均结合率的变化小于1%;分批进料能有效提高共聚物的链结构均匀性,当单体比为67/33的转化率由91%提升至98%时,丙烯腈瞬时结合率的变化率小于±0.5%,且丙烯腈平均结合率的变化小于1%。上述研究结果为其他类似体系研究及工业生产稳定产品提供了一定的数据基础和理论指导。

基于Monte-Carlo法的微型航天器在轨发射姿态预测方法研究

基于固体推力器在轨发射的微型航天器在空间在轨服务领域应用越来越广泛,微型航天器分离时的姿态是决定任务成功的关键。为了预测微型航天器在轨发射分离时的姿态范围,采用多刚体动力学理论和赫兹接触模型,建立了微型航天器-搭载卫星平台系统发射动力学仿真模型。针对固体推力器的生产、装配过程中产生的推力偏心,提出基于Monte-Carlo仿真的微型航天器在轨分离姿态预测方法。仿真结果表明,微型航天器分离角速度服从正态分布规律,经地面模拟发射试验验证,该发射动力学仿真模型和姿态预测方法准确可行,可为微型航天器在轨快速发射系统设计和发射着靶精度的研究提供参考。

Monte Carlo method for evaluation of surface emission rate measurement uncertainty

The aim of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of 2πα and 2πβ surface emission rates using the windowless multiwire proportional counter method.This study used the Monte Carlo method (MCM) to validate the conventional Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) method.A dead time measurement model for the two-source method was established based on the characteristics of a single-channel measurement system,and the voltage threshold correction factor measurement function was indirectly obtained by fitting the threshold correction curve.The uncertainty in the surface emission rate was calculated using the GUM method and the law of propagation of uncertainty.The MCM provided clear definitions for each input quantity and its uncertainty distribution,and the simulation training was realized with a complete and complex mathematical model.The results of the surface emission rate uncertainty evaluation for four radioactive plane sources using both methods showed the uncertainty’s consistency E_(n)<0.070 for the comparison of each source,and the uncertainty results of the GUM were all lower than those of the MCM.However,the MCM has a more objective evaluation process and can serve as a validation tool for GUM results.

Emergent topological ordered phase for the Ising-XY model revealed by cluster-updating Monte Carlo method

The two-component cold atom systems with anisotropic hopping amplitudes can be phenomenologically described by a two-dimensional Ising-XY coupled model with spatial anisotropy.At low temperatures,theoretical predictions[Phys.Rev.A 72053604(2005)]and[arXiv:0706.1609]indicate the existence of a topological ordered phase characterized by Ising and XY disorder but with 2XY ordering.However,due to ergodic difficulties faced by Monte Carlo methods at low temperatures,this topological phase has not been numerically explored.We propose a linear cluster updating Monte Carlo method,which flips spins without rejection in the anisotropy limit but does not change the energy.Using this scheme and conventional Monte Carlo methods,we succeed in revealing the nature of topological phases with half-vortices and domain walls.In the constructed global phase diagram,Ising and XY-type transitions are very close to each other and differ significantly from the schematic phase diagram reported earlier.We also propose and explore a wide range of quantities,including magnetism,superfluidity,specific heat,susceptibility,and even percolation susceptibility,and obtain consistent and reliable results.Furthermore,we observed first-order transitions characterized by common intersection points in magnetizations for different system sizes,as opposed to the conventional phase transition where Binder cumulants of various sizes share common intersections.The critical exponents of different types of phase transitions are reasonably fitted.The results are useful to help cold atom experiments explore the half-vortex topological phase.

Method“Monte Carlo”in healthcare

In public health,simulation modeling stands as an invaluable asset,enabling the evaluation of new systems without their physical implementation,experimentation with existing systems without operational adjustments,and testing system limits without real-world repercussions.In simulation modeling,the Monte Carlo method emerges as a powerful yet underutilized tool.Although the Monte Carlo method has not yet gained widespread prominence in healthcare,its technological capabilities hold promise for substantial cost reduction and risk mitigation.In this review article,we aimed to explore the transformative potential of the Monte Carlo method in healthcare contexts.We underscore the significance of experiential insights derived from simulated experimentation,especially in resource-constrained scenarios where time,financial constraints,and limited resources necessitate innovative and efficient approaches.As public health faces increasing challenges,incorporating the Monte Carlo method presents an opportunity for enhanced system construction,analysis,and evaluation.

粒子输运非确定性模拟的加速方法研究进展

粒子输运非确定性模拟是高性能计算机的主要应用之一,在国民经济建设和国家安全领域具有重要作用。当前核数值模拟、核反应堆设计与航空航天等实际应用对高精度粒子输运非确定性模拟存在迫切需求,其加速方法逐步成为高性能计算领域的研究热点。针对近年来涌现的众多研究成果,首先介绍了粒子输运非确定性模拟的基本原理;其次给出粒子输运模拟程序的基本流程和伪代码;再次对软件加速方法以及基于硬件加速技术的最新研究成果进行了概述;最后基于体系结构模拟器提取的程序特征,讨论了粒子输运模拟所面临的主要挑战,并结合相关研究工作对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

基于蒙特卡洛法的单层轮辐式索网结构制作安装误差影响分析

单层轮辐式索网结构自重轻盈、造型优美,应用前景广泛,但发展时期不长,其结构设计理论体系仍有待完善。为了提高对单层轮辐式索网结构误差影响的认识,分析了制作安装误差因素对索网性能的影响。首先介绍了单层轮辐式索网的结构形式和采用拉丁超立方抽样的蒙特卡洛法。然后选取苏州工业园区体育场单层轮辐式索网屋盖,通过数值模拟的方法分析拉索长度、截面刚度和耳板坐标三种制作安装误差对该结构拉索索力、环索控制节点坐标和环梁应力等性能指标的影响程度,分析性能指标关于不同制作安装误差的敏感性。最后研究了制作安装误差在不同预应力水平下对索网结构预应力态性能指标的影响。研究结果表明,施工控制过程中需要重点监控环向索索力,对环向索长度误差的控制应比径向索更严格,最外侧下部的环索的弹性模量误差对结构性能指标影响也较为明显,适当提高结构的预应力水平可降低制作安装误差影响。

Al-Cu-Li-xMg合金时效初期微结构演变的Monte Carlo模拟

采用基于Multi-States Ising Model的Monte Carlo算法,模拟研究了Al-Cu-Li-xMg合金时效初期微观结构的演变过程,结果表明:时效早期,在Al-1.2Cu-5.7Li合金中微结构的主要形态是Li原子团簇、Li-Cu原子对和空位团簇,且空位团簇的出现多出现在Li原子团簇附近,形成共生形态;而Al-1.2Cu-5.7Li-xMg合金中,出现明显的Cu-Clusters,而Li原子的偏聚过程则受到抑制,且空位团簇的形态也发生了变化,多与Cu-Mg原子团簇形成共生形态;微量Mg的作用是通过Mg/Li原子间存在强烈的相互作用调整Li原子团簇的偏聚形态,导致大量被Li原子Clustering过程锁定的Cu原子和空位被置换出来,进而影响Li、Cu原子团簇的形态和空位的分布形态,并影响随后的析出相分布形态。

基于Copula函数和Monte Carlo法的防洪调度风险分析

以黄河万家寨水库为例,采用Copula函数构建洪峰和洪量的联合分布模型,随机抽样模拟洪峰和洪量系列并转化为洪水过程线,同时考虑泥沙淤积和泄流能力不确定性影响,在给定汛限水位和调洪规则下调洪演算模拟洪水。结果表明,水文因素的随机性、库容与水位关系的不确定性是万家寨水库防洪风险的主要影响因素,泄流能力不确定性对水库泄洪影响不明显,并获得了各汛限水位方案下水库的防洪风险率,为万家寨水库前汛期汛限水位选择提供了参考依据。

Research and development of the automatic modeling system for Monte Carlo particle transport simulation

在广泛调研和分析现有几何建模方法特点的基础上研发了具有可视化用户界面的自动建模程序系统MCAM。它可以实现多种商用软件CAD模型与McNP模型之间的相互转换，且提供了模型建立、预处理、属性分析等基本功能和计算结果可视化及基于医学映像建模接口等扩展功能。全面系统地介绍了MCAM的设计思想与原理、总体结构、主要功能和国际合作协议框架下的应用测试等情况。实践表明，它是一个实用的MCNP计算辅助工具和核设计与核分析质量保证工具。

Monte Carlo numerical simulation and its application in probability analysis of long span bridges

To get the probability of long span bridges under the influence of external random factors, the Monte Carlo method using Latin hypercube sampling is applied. Combined with the condition assessment system on Runyang Suspension Bridge, which is the longest suspension bridge in China, the structural probabilities in normal and damaged situations are calculated with the external random factors considered including environmental temperature, wind load, load of vehicles, etc. The main assessment items contain the maximal vertical displacement of girder, the maximal stress of cables, the maximal horizontal displacement of towers etc. Finally, the probabilities and their cumulative distribution functions are provided. The analysis results can be plotted on line in a clear and vivid way, so the efficiency of assessment is increased and the decision-making of maintenance is more objective and accurate.

用Monte Carlo方法模拟连续植被热辐射方向性

MonteCarlo方法在可见光遥感中被广泛用于植被冠层的BRDF模拟。论述如何应用蒙特卡罗方法模拟连续植被冠层的热辐射方向性 ,并用野外实验观测数据对模拟结果进行验证对比。

基于Monte-Carlo方法的土石围堰挡水导流风险分析

运用Monte -Carlo方法模拟施工洪水入库过程和导流建筑物泄流的随机性 ,通过仿真分析确定上游围堰堰前水位变化过程及其分布函数。在此基础上 ,根据导流建筑物的设计规模确定导流系统的风险。通过实例验证分析说明 ,研究方法和计算模型是可靠的、适用的。

用Monte Carlo法模拟纯铜的静态再结晶

利用Monte Carlo（MC）法进行了纯铜静态再结晶的二维模拟. 通过监测存储能量的变化历程发现,当初始存储能量较低的时候,静态再结晶是以非均匀形核（晶界形核）的方式进行的,当初始存储能量充分高的时候,静态再结晶是以均匀形核（晶内形核）的方式进行的. 初始存储能量较高的时候,能量释放的速率要比初始存储能量较低的时候的速率高. 确定了区分均匀形核和非均匀形核的临界应变.

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION FIELD OPTIMIZATION FOR MEDICAL LINAC

A method for designing an X-ray flatness filter for medical electron linac is developed. It is used in the optimization process in the electron beam radiation system. Monte Carlo simulation method is used and two examples of real radiation system optimization processes for China-made medical electron linac are provided： 15 MV X- ray system of BJ-20 linac, and 12 MeV electron system of BJ-14. Results are verified by using the traditional method.

轮盘疲劳可靠性分析的Monte-Carlo数字仿真

低循环多轴疲劳失效是航空发动机低压压气机轮盘的主要失效形式。轮盘是一种价格昂贵的部件,对其进行部件的可靠性试验在经济上难以承受。据此以临界平面法为基础,通过Ansys有限元分析与材料的应变疲劳试验相结合,利用Monte-Carlo数字仿真方法,确定了轮盘寿命的分布形式,建立了轮盘疲劳可靠性模型,并编制了轮盘疲劳可靠性分析软件,对某型轮盘进行了疲劳可靠性分析。与传统的确定性方法相比更加符合轮盘的失效状况,与基于真实轮盘的试验相比则可以有效降低试验费用,缩短试验周期。