Wettability alteration of organo-vermiculites induced by layer charge and tailored bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts

Wettability is an important surface property that deserves to further explore the factors on its alteration.Series of bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts with different spacer length and N-heterocyclic headgroups(morpholinium(BMMB,BMMD and BMMH),piperidinium(BPMH)and piperazinium(BMPMH))have been synthesized and employed for altering the wettability of vermiculite and its derivates(Vts)treated by Li^(+)-saturated heating method.The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and N_(2)adsorption/desorption isotherms indicate that all of the bis-N-heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts have been successfully inserted into the vermiculite layers,leading to the organic monolayer.The results of capillary rise tests combined with Lipophilic to Hydrophilic Ratio(LHR)values unveil the wettability alteration of the organo-Vts.As the layer charge decreases,the hydrophilicity of the organo-Vts gradually increases,which is probably caused by the decline in binding sites.As the result of the change in spacer length of modifier,the wetting properties of morpholinium-based organo-Vts change in order of BMMD-Vts>BMMH-Vts>BMMB-Vts,and difference in N-heterocyclic headgroups leads to the sequence of wettability:BMPMH-Vts>BPMH-Vts>BMMH-Vts.Layer charge of Vt,spacer length and the type of the N-heterocyclic headgroup of modifier have the synergistic effect on the regulation of the wettability.

Studies on a Cationically Modified Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Lignin

A new quaternary ammonium salt monomer was synthesized and a quaternary amination of lignin（ noted as QL）, with the monomer was carried out by grafting copolymerization. The products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR）. The experimental results indicate that the yield of the monomer was 99.06%, and the conversion of the monomer and the grafting yield of QL were 93.69% and 185.78%, respectively. The feasibility of QL as the flocculant to be applied in color removal of five artificial dyes, erioehrome black T（dye A）, gongo red（dye B ）, direct fast black G （dye C ）, cuprofix blue green B （dye D ）, and acid black ATT （dye E ） was examined. Results show that OL exhihits the favorable flocculation nerformance and high stability.

Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Ability of Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Chitosan

A series of N-alkyl or N-aryl chitosan quaternary ammonium salt were prepared using 96% deacetylated chitosan. Their scavenging activities against superoxide anion radical were investigated by chemiluminescence. The IC50 values of these compounds range from 280 to 880 μg/mL, which should be attributed to their different substitutes.

Effect of quaternary ammonium salts on flotation behavior of aluminosilicate minerals

The electrokinetic properties and flotation of diaspore,kaolinite,pyrophyllite and illite with quaternary ammonium salts collectors were studied.The results of flotation tests show that the collecting ability of quaternary ammonium salts for the four minerals is in the order(from strong to weak)of octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride(ODBA),cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB),dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(DTAC).Under the condition of alkalescence,it is possible to separate the diaspore from the silicate minerals such as kaolinite,illite and pyrophyllite using quaternary ammonium salts as collector.Isoelectric points(IEP)of diaspore,kaolinite,pyrophyllite and illite are pH=6.0,3.4,2.3 and 3.2,respectively.Quaternary ammonium salts can change ζ-potential of the aluminosilicate minerals obviously.The flotation mechanisms were explained by ζ-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FT-IR)measurements.The results demonstrate that only electrostatic interaction takes place between

Flotation and adsorption of quaternary ammonium salts collectors on kaolinite of different particle size

The flotation behaviors of decyltrimethylammonium (103C), dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (TTAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) on kaolinite of different particle size fraction were studied. The adsorbed amount and adsorption isotherms of collectors on kaolinite were determined for painstaking investigation into the adsorption of quaternary amines at kaolinite-water interface by ultraviolet spectrophotometer methods. The flotation results show that the flotation recovery of kaolinite of different particle fraction increases with an increase in pH when 103C, DTAC, TTAC and CTAC are used as collectors. As the concentration of collectors increases, the flotation recovery increases. Particle size of kaolinite has a strong effect on flotation. The flotation recovery of fine kaolinite decreases with the carbon chain of quaternary ammonium salts collectors increasing, while coarse kaolinite is on the contrary. The adsorbed amount tests and adsorption isotherms show that adsorbed amount increases when the particle size of kaolinite increases or when the carbon chain length of quaternary ammonium salts increases. Within the range of flotation collector concentration, the longer the hydrocarbon chain, the more probable to be absolutely adsorbed by fine kaolinite particles and then the lower the collector concentration in the bulk, which leds to lower flotation recovery.

Aluminum-silicates flotation with quaternary ammonium salts

The zeta potential measurements show that the flotation separation of diaspore from kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite could be achieved in the range of pH 46.5 with cationic collectors. A special quaternary ammonium salts(DTAL) shows better selectivity than that the dodecyl amine(DDA) does for the flotation of three silicates. The closed circuit flotation results show that the reverse flotation de silicate can be achieved with DTAL as collector, a new inorganic reagent(SFL) as depressant and MIBC as frother to obtain a bauxite concentrate m (Al 2O 3)/ m (SiO 2) >10, Al 2O 3 recovery>86%).

Preparation of spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt via economical and efficient synthetic route as electrolyte for electric double-layer capacitor

A spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt, spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate(SBP-BF4) was successfully prepared by an economical and efficient three-step process comprising the cyclization reaction of 1,4-dibromobutane and pyrrolidine, and subsequent ion exchange pathway with KOH followed by neutralization reaction via HBF4 in the system of ethanol solution. 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, FI-IR and XPS analyses showed the structure of SBP-BF4. The as-obtained SBP-BF4 was dissolved in AN and used as the electrolyte for supercapacitor. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that, compared with commercial electrolyte TEMA-BF4/AN, SBP-BF4/AN exhibits high ionic conductivity, lower resistance and improved cycling performance, which is due to its smaller ion size and stable symmetry structure.

Dimethyl carbonate synthesis via transesterification catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salt functionalized chitosan

covalently 连接到脱乙酰几丁质的季铵盐首先与甲醇为由丙烯的 transesterification 的合成焦化的暗淡乙醇碳酸盐(直接数字控制)(PC ) 被用作催化剂。象催化性能上的反应周期，温度和压力一样的各种各样的反应变量的效果也被调查。54% 直接数字控制产量和 71% PC 变换在最佳的反应条件下面被获得。尤其是，催化剂能与高催化活和选择的保留被再使用。因而，这里介绍的过程从产品由于它象稳定性，从可更新的简历聚合物的容易的准备，和简单分离那样的优点为工业申请有大潜力。

Influence of alkyl group of imidazolinyl-quaternary-ammonium-salt on corrosion inhibition efficiency

The action between imidazolinyl-quaternary-ammonium-salt(IQAS) molecule and Fe atom was studied, and the influence of the alkyl group connected with N atom of imidazoline ring on corrosion inhibition efficiency was explored. Quantum chemical methods, HF/6-31 G and HF/Lan L2 dz, were applied successively to calculate the parameters such as front molecular orbit energy of IQASⅠ-Ⅳ and chemical adsorption for IQASⅠ-Ⅳ and Fe atom. The corrosion inhibition efficiency was measured with the weight loss method of carbon steel samples in acidic solution and oil field sewage. Based on the theoretical analyses and experimental results, it is concluded that N-Fe coordination bond is formed between IQAS molecule and Fe atom, corrosion inhibition efficiency is decreased in the following order(from large to small): IQAS Ⅳ, IQAS Ⅲ, IQAS Ⅱ, IQASⅠ.

Synthesis of Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salts

A series of N-alkyl or N-aryl chitosan quaternary ammonium salts were prepared via Schiffs base intermediates. Quaternization of N-substituted chitosan derivatives was carried out using methyl iodide to produce water-soluble cationic chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. The products were characterized by IR, (HNMR)-H-1 and elemental analysis. The degree of substitution of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt was calculated by elemental analysis.

Preparation of Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite under Double Ester Base Long Carbon Chains Organosilane Quaternary Ammonium Salt Template Agent

The pore sizes of traditional zeolites are in the range of0. 3-1. 5 nm,which strongly hinder the diffusion of large reactant and product molecules within the zeolite pores. To compensate for it,we tried to create mesopores in traditional microporous zeolites and retain all advantages of microporous zeolites. Mesoporous Zeolite Socony Mobile-Five( ZSM-5) zeolite was synthesized by a new double ester base long carbon chains organosilane quaternary ammonium salt as the soft template agent in hydrothermal method.The structure of the acquired zeolite crystals was confirmed by fieldemission scanning electron microscopy( FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy( TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements and X-ray diffraction( XRD),which indicated that their structure had the same characteristics as traditional ZSM-5 zeolites. Compared with traditional ZSM-5 zeolite,there were 4 nm and 15 nm mesopores in the crystal. The prepared hierarchical porous ZSM-5 zeolite was expected to be effective catalytic materials for chemical reactions involving large molecules.

Biodegradable Quaternary Ammonium Salts for Processing Iron Ores

Two biodegradable quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and used as cationic collectors in processing iron ores by froth flotation. The flotation behaviors of iron minerals with the new biodegradable quaternary ammonium collectors were investigated by micro-flotation tests of quartz (SiO2) and magnetite (Fe3O4). It was observed that the new biodegradable collectors were effective in separating quartz from magnetite by flotation. At the collector concentration of 1 × 10﹣4 mol/L, the recovery of quartz using the M301 and M302 collectors can reach its maximum of 67.97% and 91.18%, respectively. For a wide pH range, they also show good selectivity. By the measuring zeta potentials of the new quaternary ammonium salts, the results show that quaternary ammonium salt is preferred to adsorb on the surface of quartz. The two quaternary ammonium collectors are also determined as readily biodegradable collectors, according to the OECD301B evaluation standard.

PREPARATION AND PHOTOSENSITIVITY OF WATER SOLUBLE PHENOLIC RESINS CONTAINING ACRYLOYL AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM CHLORIDE GROUPS

New water soluble and photocrosslinkable prepolymers containing acrylate and quaternary ammonium salt groups were synthesized from epoxy phenolic resin via ring-opening reaction with acrylic acid and with aqueous solution of triethylamine hydrochloride successively. The second reaction needs no phase transfer catalyst to accelerate, since the product formed can act as a phase transfer catalyst. The prepolymer obtained contains both photocrosslinkable acrylate groups and hydrophilic quaternary ammonium salt groups. Optimum conditions for these reactions were studied. The photosensitivity of the prepolymer was also investigated. The effects of different photoinitiators, different crosslinkable diluent monomers and amine accelerator on the photosensitivity of the prepolymer were compared. The photoinitiator of hydrogen abstraction type is still effective without using amine or alcohol as accelerator, because the prepolymer contains a H beside the OH groups formed in the ring-opening reactions.

POLYMER-SUPPORTED SINGLE AND MIXED AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHONIUM SALTS AS CATALYSTS FOR PHASE-TRANSFER REACTIONS

In this study was to investigate, by phase-transfer catalysis, the activity of single and mixed ammonium and phosphonium salts grafted on a 揼el-type?styrene-7% divinylbenzene copolymer in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide. A wide variety of catalysts with different quaternary groups and different quaternary chain length substituents were examined. The activity of single 搊nium?salts increases as a consequence of the association of ammonium and phosphonium salts grafted on the same polymeric support. The activity of polymer-supported ammonium and phosphonium salts increases with the number of carbon atoms contained in the alkyl radicals of the onium and of the functionalization degree with phosphonium groups.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SINGLE AND MIXED AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHONIUM SALTS GRAFTED ON "GEL-TYPE" STYRENE-DIVINYLBENZENE COPOLYMERS

A systematic study on the synthesis and antibacterial activity of the quaternary "onium" salts grafted on an insoluble "gel-type" styrene-7% divinylbenzene copolymer by polymer-analogous reactions is showed. Antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salts grafted on polymer-supports has been studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A wide variety of "onium" salts bound to macromolecular supports with different quaternary groups and different quaternary chain length substituents were examined. The antibacterial activity of mixed "onium" salts increases as a consequence of the association of ammonium and phosphonium salts grafted on the same polymeric support.

氯化胆碱改性聚酰胺纳滤膜的制备与分离性能

为了提高传统聚酰胺纳滤膜的分离性能,利用酰氯与羟基之间的酯化反应将带有正电荷的季铵盐氯化胆碱(CC)引入聚酰胺纳滤膜表面,制备在中性条件下具有近中性荷电性的氯化胆碱/聚酰胺纳滤膜,通过对无机盐的分离测试考察了CC质量分数对薄膜复合(TFC)膜性能的影响。结果表明,当CC质量分数达0.10%时,改性效果最佳,TFC膜对Na_(2)SO_(4)、MgSO_(4)和MgCl_(2)均具有较高的截留率,具有改善的Mg^(2+)/Li^(+)分离能力,渗透通量提升了315%。

季铵盐阳离子改性剂的合成及其在栀子黄染色棉织物中的应用

为了提升天然植物染料栀子黄在纤维素纤维上的染色性能,设计合成了一系列以3-氯-2-羟丙基为反应基团、季铵盐为阳离子基团的阳离子改性剂,通过亲核加成反应在纤维素纤维上引入季铵基团,提升栀子黄染料对阳离子改性纤维素纤维的染色性能。借助电喷雾电离-串联质谱法(ESI-MS)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)对合成的不同烷基链长的季铵盐改性剂分子结构进行表征。通过红外光谱图和X射线光电子能谱图证实季铵盐化合物以醚键形式成功接枝在棉织物上。采用栀子黄染料对改性棉织物染色,比较不同烷基链长改性剂改性棉织物的染色K/S值发现,改性剂烷基链长为12时最佳,上染率为85.46%,K/S值为4.33。进一步研究染色工艺条件对染色织物K/S值、上染百分率以及色牢度的影响,结果表明,在染色温度为80℃,pH值为9,时间为60 min时,经3-氯-2-羟丙基二甲基辛烷氯化铵(CH-12)改性棉织物染色性能最佳,其上染率为88.07%,K/S值为4.71,耐皂洗牢度及耐摩擦色牢度均可达到3级以上。研究结果表明,CH-12改性棉织物可实现无盐染色,且改性织物的上染率、固色率、耐皂洗和耐摩擦牢度均优于未改性织物的传统有盐染色。

多阳离子位点季铵盐与AEC复配体系的应用性能研究

将含多阳离子位点双子季铵盐表面活性剂(TC-GS)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AE_(9)C)以不同比例复配,并测试了不同复配比例下混合体系的浸润、去污、乳化、抗静电和活性炭分散性能。结果表明,不同复配比例下的TCGS/AE_(9)C体系都为均一透明溶液,表现出优异的复配稳定性。复配体系对帆布片的浸润能力优于单一表面活性剂,其中α_(TC-GS)为0.4时浸润性能最好。复配体系在乳化液体石蜡的过程中表现出协同增效作用。AE_(9)C溶液对炭黑污布和油脂污布都具有较好的去污能力,但与TC-GS复配后去污性能有所下降,可能由于TC-GS在污布表面的吸附阻碍了污渍的洗涤剥离。TC-GS溶液和复配体系溶液均表现出较好的抗静电性能,能够将聚酯织物表面电阻降低至≤10^(10)Ω。最后,大部分复配比例下的TC-GS/AE_(9)C体系溶液都具有良好的分散活性炭的能力;但当复配比与理论等电摩尔比一致时,复配溶液对活性炭的分散稳定性能较差。

咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂改性蒙脱土/水性环氧纳米复合涂料

以油酸、二乙烯三胺和氯化苄为原料,合成了油酸基咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂。通过FTIR、^(1)HNMR对其结构进行了表征,并离子交换至钠基蒙脱土(DK0)层间,制备了缓蚀剂改性蒙脱土(QACDK0)。通过XRD、TGA和UV-Vis对其结构、组成及层间缓蚀剂释放性能进行了表征。结果表明,咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂约占QACDK0质量的38.96%,并将蒙脱土层间距由1.28 nm(DK0)扩大至3.98 nm(QACDK0)。利用DLS及Zeta电位对添加有QACDK0的水性环氧树脂进行了稳定性测试,其Zeta电位为–27.8 mV,具有较高的稳定性。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试表明,在腐蚀介质中浸泡30 d后,基于QACDK0制备的清漆漆膜仍具有2.29×10^(8)Ω·cm^(2)的高阻抗,表明涂层具有较好的耐腐蚀性。并且在耐中性盐雾测试中,QACDK0对应的防腐色漆耐盐雾时间最长,验证了该涂层具有良好的耐盐雾性能。

硬脂酸酯双子季铵盐的合成及性能研究

以硬脂酸、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料,制备了一种硬脂酸酯双子季铵盐表面活性剂(EG-18),并通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其分子结构进行表征。对EG-18的静态表面张力和动态表面张力进行测定,发现EG-18的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.32×10^(-3)mol/L,平衡表面张力(γ_(cmc))为35.68 mN/m,具有较好的表面活性。通过动态接触角的测试数据,发现EG-18溶液随浓度增大,对石蜡膜的润湿性逐渐增强。对比了D1821、EG-18和酯基季铵盐3种物质在浊度、润湿性能、抗静电性能、柔软性能和织物白度方面的差异。浊度的对比发现,EG-18的溶解度高于D1821和酯基季铵盐;润湿性能方面:EG-18可将石蜡膜润湿,但润湿性能弱于D1821和酯基季铵盐;EG-18的抗静电性能优于D1821;3种物质的柔软性能相当,并且EG-18对棉白布的白度影响最小。