Influence of BPPV and Meniere's Disease on Cognitive Abilities: A Questionnaire-Based Study

The vestibular system connects the inner ear to the midbrain and subcortical structures and can affect cognition. Patients with vertigo often experience cognitive symptoms such as attention deficits, memory problems, and spatial perception difficulties. This study aimed to explore the cognitive impairments associated with Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) and Meniere's Disease(MD). A non-experimental group comparison design was used with 107 participants divided into three groups: Group I(clinically normal), Group II(BPPV), and Group III(MD). Participants completed a questionnaire with 10 cognition-related questions, and their responses were scored. The data were found to be non-normally distributed. The analysis revealed a significant difference in scores between Group I and both Group II and Group III. Chi-square tests showed that the responses to cognition-related questions varied among the groups, with Group II exhibiting more cognitive problems. Associated conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and hearing loss did not significantly influence the responses within each group. This study suggests a significant relationship between cognitive problems and patients with BPPV and MD. However, there was no association found between the cognitive problems experienced in BPPV and MD patients. These findings align with previous research indicating that vestibular disorders can lead to deficits in spatial memory, attention, and other cognitive functions. By understanding the link between cognition and vestibular disorders, we can improve diagnosis and rehabilitation services to enhance the quality of life for these patients.

Transcultural Validation and Adaptation of the Academic Stress Questionnaire (CEA) in Students of Puerto Rico

Background: There are multiple questionnaires to measure academic stress in university students, which have been used in nursing students. In Puerto Rico, a questionnaire valid in content and reliability was required to measure the variable of academic stress in nursing students. Purpose: The aim of this study was to adapt transculturally and validate the Academic Stress Questionnaire (CEA) for its use in Puerto Rico. Materials and Methods: Used for the first phase of this study consisted in the evaluation of the validity of content and appearance, whereas the second phase was the actual administering of the questionnaire to 20 (twenty) nursing students, to pilot test its internal consistency using the Cronbach’s α test. Results: Validity of content and appearance allowed for the modification of the questionnaire into one, consisting of 42 items, thus eliminating 34 premises from the original 76 items the questionnaire was composed of. Furthermore, the appearance of the questionnaire was modified by placing the measuring scales in columns, adapting social, demographic, and academic data to the required Puerto Rican reality. The sections meant to measure the academic stress variables were left intact, except for the linguistics adaptation, which was accomplished by a team of experts in the Spanish language. With an α global of 0.80 and coefficients larger than 0.7 in the multi-item sub scales, which oscillated between 0.750 and 0.860, the questionnaire provides a high reliability. Conclusion: Although the values reported in this study are somewhat lower than previous research, they were comparable the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients reported by Cabanach, in which the numbers reported are considered high (α > 0.70) which show acceptable confiability of the subscales included in the study and a high degree of consistency and thus can be relied upon in future research. In synthesis, the Academic Stress Questionnaire (CEA) modified and adapted, thoroughly fulfills the established criteria of confiability and validity to evaluate academic stress of Puertorrican nursing students.

Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire

AIM:To psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire(DEQSCHN)among Chinese patients with dry eye.METHODS:This study involved 231 participants,including 191 with dry eye disease(DED)comprising the dry eye disease group,and 40 healthy participants forming the control group.Participants were required to complete the DEQS-CHN,and Chinese dry eye questionnaire and undergo clinical tests including the fluorescein breakup time(FBUT),corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),and Schirmer I test.To assess the internal consistency and retest reliability,Cronbach’sαand the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)were employed.Content validity was assessed by item-level content validity index(ICV)and an average scale-level content validity index(S-CVI/Ave).Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis.The concurrent validity was assessed by calculating correlations between DEQS-CHN and Chinese dry eye questionnaire.Discriminative validity was evaluated through nonparametric tests,with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve serving as conclusive indicators of the questionnaire’s distinguishing capability.RESULTS:The Cronbach’sαcoefficients for frequency and degree of ocular symptoms,impact on daily life,and summary score were 0.736,0.704,0.811,0.818,0.861,and 0.860,respectively,and the ICC were 0.611,0.677,0.715,0.769,0.711,and 0.779,respectively.All I-CVI scores ranged from 0.833 to 1.000,with an S-CVI/Ave of 0.956.Confirmatory factor analysis results exhibited a wellfitting model consistent with the original questionnaire[χ^(2)/df=2.653,incremental fit index(IFI)=0.924,comparative fit index(CFI)=0.924,Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)=0.909,and root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.065].There was a moderate positive correlation between the DEQS-CHN and the Chinese dry eye questionnaire(r^(2)=0.588).The dry eye group demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to the control group,and the area under the curve(AUC)value was 0.8092.CONCLUSION:The DEQS-CHN has been demonstrated as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the impact of dry eye disease on the quality of life among Chinese individuals with DED.

Development and validation of a novel questionnaire regarding vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia

AIM:To develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a knowledge,attitude,and practice questionnaire related to vision screening(KAP-VST)among preschool teachers in Malaysia.METHODS:The questionnaire was developed through a literature review and discussions with experts.Content and face validation were conducted by a panel of experts(n=10)and preschool teachers(n=10),respectively.A pilot study was conducted for construct validation(n=161)and test-retest reliability(n=60)of the newly developed questionnaire.RESULTS:Based on the content and face validation,71 items were generated,and 68 items were selected after exploratory factor analysis.The content validity index for items(I-CVI)score ranged from 0.8-1.0,and the content validity index for scale(S-CVI)/Ave was 0.99.Internal consistency was KR^(2)0=0.93 for knowledge,Cronbach’s alpha=0.758 for attitude,and Cronbach’s alpha=0.856 for practice.CONCLUSION:The KAP-VST is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing knowledge,attitude,and practice in relation to vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia.

Diagnostic values of questionnaires of Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey and College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life in the screening of convergence insufficiency

AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire 25 to Greek

BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation leads to continuous improvement in the survival rates of kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)and has been established as the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage kidney disease.Health-related quality of life(HRQoL)has become an important outcome measure.It is highly important to develop reliable methods to evaluate HRQoL with disease-specific questionnaires.AIM To translate the disease-specific instrument Kidney Transplant Questionnaire 25(KTQ-25)to the Greek language and perform a cross-cultural adaptation.METHODS The translation and adaptation of the original English version of the KTQ-25 to the Greek language were performed based on the International Quality of Life RESULTS Eighty-four KTRs(59 males;mean age 53.5±10.7 years;mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 47.7±15.1 mL/min/1.73 m2;mean transplant vintage 100.5±83.2 months)completed the Greek version of the KTQ-25 and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey,and the results were used to evaluate the reliability of the Greek KTQ-25.The Cronbach alpha coefficients for all the KTQ-25 dimensions were satisfactory(physical symptoms=0.639,fatigue=0.856,uncertainty/fear=0.661,appearance=0.593,emotions=0.718,total score=0.708).The statistically significant correlation coefficients among the KTQ-25 dimensions ranged from 0.226 to 0.644.The correlation coeffi-cients of the KTQ-25 dimensions with the SF-36 physical component summary(PCS)ranged from 0.196 to 0.550;the correlation coefficients of the KTQ-25 with the SF-36 mental component summary(MCS)ranged from 0.260 to 0.655;and the correlation coefficients of the KTQ-25 with the total scores with the SF-36 PCS and MCS were 0.455 and 0.613,respectively.CONCLUSION According to the findings,the Greek version of the KTQ-25 is valid and reliable for administration among kidney transplant patients in Greece.

Effects of Continuous Precision Nursing Model on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Behavior and Cardiac Function in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Angiography and Stent Implantation

Objective:To explore the impact of a continuous precision nursing model on patients’Knowledge,Attitudes,and Practices(KAP)and cardiac function during the nursing process of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography and stent implantation.Methods:Ninety patients who underwent percutaneous coronary angiography and stent implantation in our hospital from April 2022 to April 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(45 cases),in which routine nursing support was carried out during the treatment process,and the observation group(45 cases),in which continuous precision nursing model was carried out during the treatment process.Comparisons were made between the two groups of patients on their KAP,cardiac function,and quality of life during recovery.Results:There was no difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),cardiac output(CO),and cardiac index(CI)levels before intervention.After the intervention,the levels of cardiac function in the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no difference in the Exercise of Self-Care Agency(ESCA)self-care ability scale scores before the intervention.After the intervention,the observation group had higher ESCA scores than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementation of a continuous precision nursing model in the care of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography and stent implantation improved the patient’s cardiac function,and KAP,and promoted recovery.

内蒙古包头市居民中成药用药行为风险KAP调查研究

目的了解包头市居民中成药用药风险知识-态度-行为(KAP)现状,探讨其影响因素。方法采用分发纸质问卷,微信及邮箱发送电子问卷等方法,对包头市年满18周岁、有正常阅读能力或理解能力且自愿参加调研的人群居民进行问卷调查,并回收问卷。分析居民用药的知识、态度、行为的情况,采用最优尺度回归分析居民基本信息对用药KAP的影响。结果共发出问卷520份,其中有效问卷503份,回收率为96.73%。居民用药的知识、态度、行为平均得分分别为(74.12±21.56)、(37.71±9.66)、(58.16±6.71)分,最优尺度回归分析结果显示,影响包头市居民中成药认知得分因素包括:月收入、受教育程度、工作状况和职业(P<0.05);影响包头市居民用药教育态度得分的因素包括:月收入、居住地、受教育程度、工作状况、职业(P<0.05);影响包头市居民用药行为得分的因素包括:年龄、月收入、居住地、受教育程度、工作状况和职业(P<0.05)。结论本研究通过对包头市区域内居民中成药用药行为风险进行的KAP调查,发现在中成药安全用药认知、态度和行为上仍然存在着风险,对于需重点给予关注的群体,如受教育程度较低、年龄较大的人群,有针对性地开展教育和科普是非常必要的,以规范中成药在临床的使用,降低不合理用药带来的健康损害及资源浪费。

基于KAP理论的大学生网络安全教育研究

为改善大学生网络安全教育现状,提高大学生网络安全教育水平,结合知识-态度-行为(KAP)理论,构建大学生安全教育KAP模型;通过问卷发放和筛选,获取659份有效问卷;采用结构方程模型(SEM)检验网络安全教育对网络安全认知、网络安全态度、网络安全行为的影响,以及可能存在的中介作用影响路径。结果表明:网络安全教育显著影响网络安全认知、网络安全态度、网络安全行为,其中,网络安全认知、网络安全态度起到独立中介及链式中介作用;法律道德教育、知识教育、实践活动、榜样引领均能直接影响网络安全行为,其中,法律道德教育对网络安全行为的影响最强,知识教育次之,实践活动和榜样引领最弱。在具体作用路径方面,法律道德教育主要通过直接效应来影响网络安全行为,知识教育、实践活动、榜样引领主要通过安全认知间接影响网络安全行为。

内蒙古绒山羊KAP6.2基因多态性与生长性状和绒细度性状的关联分析

为探讨角蛋白关联蛋白6.2(keratin-associated protein 6.2,KAP6.2)基因遗传多态性与内蒙古绒山羊生长性状和绒细度性状的相关性,以期为内蒙古绒山羊遗传育种改良提供理论依据,本研究采集598只雌性内蒙古绒山羊耳组织,提取基因组DNA并进行PCR扩增,检测KAP6.2基因的插入/缺失(Insertion/Deletion,InDel)突变,分析突变位点与生长性状和绒细度性状的相关性。结果显示,在育成羊中,该突变位点与胸围和十字部显著相关(P<0.05),与体长、胸宽和胸深极显著相关(P<0.01);在成年羊中,该突变位点与胸宽显著相关(P<0.05),与胸围、十字部高和胸深极显著相关(P<0.01);在育成羊和成年羊全部群体中,该突变位点与体长、胸围、十字部高、胸深和胸宽极显著相关(P<0.01),与绒细度显著相关(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,KAP6.2基因外显子区24 bp InDel突变位点与内蒙古绒山羊部分生长性状显著或极显著相关,与绒细度显著相关,可作为内蒙古绒山羊部分生长性状和绒细度性状选育的遗传标记,为内蒙古绒山羊的选育提供科学依据。

鄂尔多斯细毛羊KAP15-1和KAP27-1基因多态性及其与羊毛性状的关联分析

本研究旨在鉴定细毛羊主要经济性状相关的分子标记,以462只1岁鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊为实验动物,联合DNA混池测序和Snapshot技术,检测KAP15-1基因和KAP27-1基因多态性。采用SAS 9.2对非同义突变位点和鄂尔多斯细毛羊羊毛性状进行相关性分析,利用DNASTAR软件预测蛋白质二级结构。结果显示:KAP15-1基因的SNP1突变位点对羊毛纤维直径标准差和纤维直径变异系数有显著影响;SNP1突变位点对蛋白质二级结构的影响集中在60~80号氨基酸之间。KAP27-1基因的SNP3突变位点对羊毛平均纤维直径有显著影响,对纤维直径标准差和剪毛前体重影响极显著;SNP3突变导致的蛋白质二级结构变化分布在整个氨基酸序列上,但是集中在Beta、Turn、Coil Regions和Antigenic Index部分。综上,KAP15-1基因的SNP1突变和KAP27-1基因的SNP3突变影响鄂尔多斯细毛羊羊毛纤维直径,在实际育种中可作为该性状的潜在分子标记。

KAP理论下康复护理对支气管哮喘患者肺功能改善及预后的影响

目的 探究KAP理论下康复护理在支气管哮喘患者中的临床应用效果。方法 将南通市第六人民医院呼吸科在2020年6月—2022年7月期间接收的88例支气管哮喘患者作为本次观察对象,依据就诊时间分为参照组(2020年6月—2021年6月)和干预组(2021年7月—2022年7月),参照组44例实施常规康复护理措施,干预组44例实施KAP理论下康复护理措施,于入院1 d、干预4周后,对两组健康知识行为、肺功能、并发症等情况进行分析对比。结果 入院1 d,两组健康知识行为评分相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预4周后,两组健康知识行为各项指标得分均高于入院1 d,且干预组健康知识行为中疾病知识、疾病态度、自我效能评分高于参照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组肺功能各项指标高于参照组(P<0.05);干预组在低氧血症、肺感染、呼吸衰竭、心律失常等并发症发生率低于参照组(P<0.05)。结论 对支气管哮喘患者采取KAP理论下康复护理,利于增强患者健康知识行为,改善肺功能水平,降低并发症发生率。

Development and validation of a prediction model for early screening of people at high risk for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a serious threat worldwide.Although early screening is suggested to be the most effective method to prevent and control CRC,the current situation of early screening for CRC is still not optimistic.In China,the incidence of CRC in the Yangtze River Delta region is increasing dramatically,but few studies have been conducted.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient early screening model for CRC.AIM To develop and validate an early-screening nomogram model to identify individuals at high risk of CRC.METHODS Data of 64448 participants obtained from Ningbo Hospital,China between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The cohort comprised 64448 individuals,of which,530 were excluded due to missing or incorrect data.Of 63918,7607(11.9%)individuals were considered to be high risk for CRC,and 56311(88.1%)were not.The participants were randomly allocated to a training set(44743)or validation set(19175).The discriminatory ability,predictive accuracy,and clinical utility of the model were evaluated by constructing and analyzing receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and calibration curves and by decision curve analysis.Finally,the model was validated internally using a bootstrap resampling technique.RESULTS Seven variables,including demographic,lifestyle,and family history information,were examined.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age[odds ratio(OR):1.03,95%confidence interval(CI):1.02-1.03,P<0.001],body mass index(BMI)(OR:1.07,95%CI:1.06-1.08,P<0.001),waist circumference(WC)(OR:1.03,95%CI:1.02-1.03 P<0.001),lifestyle(OR:0.45,95%CI:0.42-0.48,P<0.001),and family history(OR:4.28,95%CI:4.04-4.54,P<0.001)were the most significant predictors of high-risk CRC.Healthy lifestyle was a protective factor,whereas family history was the most significant risk factor.The area under the curve was 0.734(95%CI:0.723-0.745)for the final validation set ROC curve and 0.735(95%CI:0.728-0.742)for the training set ROC curve.The calibration curve demonstrated a high correlation between the CRC high-risk population predicted by the nomogram model and the actual CRC high-risk population.CONCLUSION The early-screening nomogram model for CRC prediction in high-risk populations developed in this study based on age,BMI,WC,lifestyle,and family history exhibited high accuracy.

KRAB相关蛋白1(KAP1)在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用研究进展

KRAB相关蛋白1(KRAB-associated protein 1,KAP1)是最早于1996年通过亲合色谱分离并克隆得到的一种转录辅因子,因能与含KRAB结构域的锌指蛋白家族(zinc family proteins,ZFPs)成员结合而得名。KAP1是一种具有多功能的蛋白质,它参与组蛋白修饰与染色质重塑、调节DNA甲基化、作为转录共调控因子参与基因调控、参与DNA损伤反应等,并存在磷酸化、乙酰化等多种翻译后修饰。KAP1的表达水平与多种人类恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,并影响肿瘤预后。因此,KAP1有望成为恶性肿瘤的诊断标志物或治疗新靶点。本文主要综述KAP1的结构、功能及其与人类恶性肿瘤发生发展的关系,并进一步探讨KAP1在恶性肿瘤研究中的应用前景,以期为恶性肿瘤的临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据。

Validation of the Chinese Version of the Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire (AFFEXX-C)

Despite the well-established benefits of regular physical activity(PA)on health,a large proportion of the world population does not achieve the recommended level of regular PA.Although affective experiences toward PA may play a key role to foster a sustained engagement in PA,they have been largely overlooked and crudely measured in the existing studies.To address this shortcoming,the Affective Exercise Experiences(AFFEXX)questionnaire has been developed to measure such experiences.Specifically,this questionnaire was developped to assess the following three domains:antecedent appraisals(e.g.,liking vs.disliking exercise in groups),core affective exercise experiences(i.e.,pleasure vs.displeasure,energy vs.tiredness,and calmness vs.tension),and exercise motivation(i.e.,attraction vs.antipathy toward exercise).The current study aimed to validate a Chinese version of the AFFEXX questionnaire(AFFEXX-C).In study 1,722 Chinese college students provided data for analyses of factorial,convergent,discriminant,criterion validity,and test-retest reliability of the AFFEXX-C.In addition,1,300 college students were recruited in study 2 to further validate its structural model.Results showed that the AFFEXX-C demonstrates a goodfit and reliability.Additionally,results further supported the hypothesized model based on previous research:antecedent appraisals predicted core affective exercise experiences,which in turn predicted attraction-antipathy toward physical exercise.The AFFEXX-C was found to be a reliable and valid measure of affective exercise experiences in a population of Chinese college students.

Development of a new 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire using Rasch analysis

AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis in this prospective,cross-sectional study.Three rounds of Rasch analysis were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options.RESULTS:Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19,adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a new item.Phase 2 deleted the 11th item.Phases 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17.All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable.The Infit and Outfit MnSq values of items were 0.67-1.48,the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%-59.40%and 1.50-1.80 in three dimensions.The curve peaks of scores in each dimension were separated and in the same order.The PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89,respectively.The mean scores of dimensions A(9.5±4.1 vs 3.5±3.2),B(7.3±3.3 vs 2.5±2.7),C(4.3±2.2 vs 1.4±2.0)and total(21.1±8.1 vs 7.4±7.0)in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than those without asthenopia(all P<0.001).The area under the curve in two groups was 0.899(P<0.001).Youden’s index was up to the maximum value of 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5.CONCLUSION:ASQ-17 has stronger option sorting and suitability than ASQ-19.It is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value of 12.5,which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.

Validation of LittleEARS questionnaire in Hindi language

Background:Subjective measures of auditory development are equally important as objective measures to obtain a realistic image of the hearing status in infants and toddlers.Objectives:The objectives of the current study were to translate and validate the LittleEARS questionnaire into the Hindi language,to calculate its psychometric properties and establish a regression curve of the scores obtained as a function of age,to calculate the inter-test and test retest reliability of the same.The secondary objectives were to compare the scores obtained by the normal hearing children and those with hearing impairment and to plot a regression curve of total scores obtained by the hearing-impaired children as a function of the duration of auditory training attended since their first fit of the device.Materials and methods:The procedures involved conventional translation,reverse translation,and content validation before administering the questionnaire.The translated version was administered to parents of 59 children with normal hearing and 41 children with hearing impairment.Results:The finalized version had good reliability and efficient internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.96.The mean scores obtained by the normal hearing children showed a progressive pattern as a function of age.Conclusion:The LittleEARS questionnaire has been successfully translated and validated into the Hindi language with excellent validity and reliability and can be used for screening and early identification of hearing impairment and in evaluating the outcome of audiological treatment approaches.

西宁市绿化和生态保护项目实施对城市居民的影响——基于KAP理论模型

城市居民作为最主要的环境功能的直接受益人,其态度和行为对环境保护、节约资源、构建人与自然和谐发展起着决定性作用.本文基于西宁市南北山绿化和生态保护项目的调查问卷数据,利用KAP理论模型,从城市居民的知识(K)、态度(A)和行为(P)三方面探讨生态保护项目实施对城市居民的影响.结果显示:(1)研究区居民的生态保护行为(P)与基本概念认知和周围环境认知(K)、环境态度(A)之间呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.153和0.349,但K与A之间并未达到显著水平.(2)回归分析揭示性别、年龄和职业类别对居民的生态保护行为并无显著影响,收入水平与生态保护行为呈正相关关系.(3)环境态度直接影响居民对项目区域生态环境的保护行为,即个体的态度能够影响行为决策.建议针对不同社会群体,实施差异化的教育方法,强化教育力度,以提升公众的知识水平和道德素质.政府及相关部门也应建立严格的管理制度,以约束可能破坏环境的行为,同时培养公众自发的生态保护意识.研究结论可为政府、环境管理部门制定科学合理的环境保护措施提供参考.

基于KAP理论的预见性护理在白内障行人工晶状体植入术患者中的应用

目的:探讨基于知识-信念-行为(KAP)理论的预见性护理在白内障行人工晶状体植入术患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年3月1日~2021年12月1日接受人工晶状体植入术治疗的白内障患者120例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各60例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于KAP理论的预见性护理;比较两组术后并发症发生率、视力恢复情况、心理状态[采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]、睡眠质量[采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)]、护理满意度。结果:观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1周、1个月、3个月视力恢复情况优于对照组(P<0.05);术后1周、1个月,观察组SAS、SDS、PSQI评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于KAP理论的预见护理可以有效降低白内障患者人工晶状体植入术后并发症发生率,促进视力恢复,改善心理状态和睡眠质量,提高护理满意度。

2022年居民用药安全行为风险KAP调查研究

目的 了解四川天府新区居民合理用药意识以及行为情况,为决策者开展公众合理用药宣教、药学安全科普提供参考。方法 随机对2022年7—10月四川天府新区年龄>19岁的常住居民的用药行为展开问卷调查。结果 四川天府新区居民合理用药认知、行为表现良好,合理用药态度评分为及格,表现一般。部分居民对抗菌药物耐药认识不够,错误认为药价贵等同于疗效好;部分居民对药品说明书中的药品存储条件、不良反应、批准文号不够关注;居民整体接受合理用药教育活动的频率较低,但多认为有必要多开展合理用药教育相关活动。结论 四川天府新区大部分居民的合理用药意识、行为较好,但仍有抗菌药物耐药认识不够、认为药价贵等同于疗效好、药品说明书关注不够等用药安全风险。居民接受合理用药教育机会较少,但对合理用药教育活动需求较高,后续需加强社会面合理用药宣传活动。