Different Deficit Irrigation Lower Limits and Irrigation Quotas Affect the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat by Regulating Photosynthetic Characteristics

To determine suitable thresholds for deficit irrigation of winter wheat in the well-irrigated area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,we investigated the effects of different deficit irrigation lower limits and quotas on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat.Four irrigation lower limits were set for initiating irrigation(i.e.,light drought(LD,50%,55%,60%and 50%of field holding capacity(FC)at the seedling-regreening,jointing,heading and filling-ripening stages,respectively),medium drought(MD,40%,50%,55%and 45%of FC at the same stages,respectively),adequate moisture(CK1,60%,65%,70%and 60%of FC at the same stages,respectively),heavy drought(CK2,35%,40%,45%and 40%of FC at the same stages,respectively))and five irrigation quota per event(30,60,90,120 and 180 mm)were set for each lower limit.We found that the increase of drought stress is conducive to normal photosynthesis of winter wheat leaves which is supported by the following findings.First,photosynthetic rate(Pn)of LD60 treatment was higher than that of LD30,LD90,LD120,LD180,MD30,MD60,MD90,MD120 and MD180.Then,Under the 90 mm irrigation quota treatment,the yield of winter wheat basically increased with the increase of irrigation’s lower limit.Moreover,With the increase in irrigation quota,the yield of winter wheat increased,and the water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat increased at first and then decreased.In addition,compared with the LD30,MD30,MD60,MD90,MD120,and MD180,the yield of winter wheat in LD60 treatment increased by about 3.23%(3-year average),32.3%,19.9%,11.7%,10.1%,and 14.6%.At the same time,the WUE with LD60 treatment of winter wheat was significantly higher than LD90,LD120,LD180,MD30,MD60,MD90,MD120,MD180 treatments.There was a positive correlation between soil volumetric water content and Pn and between yield and Pn.The key period for yield formation in winter wheat is 180 days after sowing.In conclusion,to achieve the dual goals of stable winter wheat yield and efficient utilization of water resources in this region,the suitable threshold for initiating deficit irrigation of winter wheat is the LD60 treatment.This conclusion provides data support for water-saving and stable yield of winter wheat in this area.

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equi-librium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in "the effects of contra-geography-grads development". It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industriali-zation delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of "the vicious circle of poverty" by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environ-mental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called "the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River" is put forward supposed to give cor-responding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.

Export Quotas on Bidding for Equal Competition

The Trial Methods of Export Quotas on Bidding was promulgated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in February 1994. It is an important step in deepening reform of the foreign trade system. The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation is responsible for supervision and instruction over the commodities

Overall Planning of Public Power and Expression of Private Rights in Cross-regional Trading of Construction Land Quotas

In China, the trading of construction land quotas has undergone an institutional evolution process characterized by gradual deregulation.In 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) resolved to develop a national cross-regional trading mechanism for construction land quotas.Construction land quotas, which have attributes of both public power and private rights, share certain common grounds with the rights of land development, dumping and carbon emission.To build a national trading market for construction land quotas, it is necessary to make clarifications and innovations in macro-level ideas, meso-level mechanisms, and micro-level designs.

China released 2017 first batch of rare earth mining quotas

China's Ministry of Land and Resources released the first batch of rare earth mining quotas in 2017, according to an announcement on the ministry's website. The total mining amount for the first batch is 52,500 tonnes, equal to the number in 2016. Out of the 52,500 tonnes, there are 43,550 tonnes for light rare earths and 8,950 tonnes for medium and heavy rare earths.

MIIT issued 2017 the first batch of rare earth production control quotas

MIIT issued the notice about 2017 the first batch of rare earth production control quotas recently. According to the notice, overall rare earth mineral production quantity is controlled at 52,500 tons and smelting & separation products at 50,075 tons, while it was 52,500 tons and 45,000 tons, respectively, for 2016. According to the notice, rare earth control quotas shall be allocated to enterprises that meet the national rare earth industry policies and industrial development planning requirements.

International Trade and the End of Textile Quotas(Part Two)

In last issue, we Published Doctor’s speech on international trade and the end of textile quotas which was highly welcomed,so here is the second part of his analysis:What May Happen When Cases Are BroughtThese,

Textiles Quotas

Shanghai launched China’s first electronic trading platform for textiles export licenses yesterday, allowing firms to easily sell or buy quotas. The platform (www.e-tj.cn) is aimed at raising efficiency and curb-

MOFCOM Answered Questions by Reporters Concerning First Batch of Rare Earth Export Quotas in 2012

Source:MOFCOM website The Ministry of Commerce released on December 27 the first batch of rare earth export quotas in 2012. Head of Department of Foreign Trade of MOFCOM answered questions put up by reporters. According to the Head,the Chinese government has taken management measures over the exploration,production and export of rare earth,as required in protection of resources and the environment.In May,2011,the State

2019 rare earths quotas released

MIIT and the Ministry of Natural Resources jointly released the 2019 national rare earths quotas recently.The mining quota for 2019 was 132,000 tons and the smelting&separation quota was127,000 tons.That is a 10%increase from last year's 120,000 tons and 115,000 tons,the"highest quota ever".This also implies a mining quota of 72,000 tons in the second half of 2019,up more than 54%from a year earlier,and the smelting&separation quota of 69,500 tons in the second half.

Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Issued Seven Industrial Water Quotas Including Papermaking

On December 30^(th), 2020, in order to further promote water conservation, Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a notice on seven industrial water quotas including papermaking, and the quota standard was came into effect on March 1^(st), 2021.

Calculable Power in International Organization： A Case Study of IMF Quotas and Voting Rights Reform

Voting procedure is an important mechanism for public choice in international organizations. This paper measures and compares [MF member countries＇ voting power before the 2008 reform and after the 2010 reform on the basis of datasets on IMF quotas and voting rights distribution provided by IMF. Our study verifies that IMF＇s quotas and voting rights reforms do help to reduce the voting power gap among member countries. The 2008 and 2010 reforms produce a greater improvement in emerging members＇ voting power under the 70 percent majority rule than the 85 percent rule; the 70 percent majority rule means the United States would lose its absolute veto. Moreover, the paper disproves the underlying assumption that regards a member＇s voting power as proportional to its voting rights. Countries with different amounts of voting rights can still have the same voting power.

Electricity Carbon Quota Trading Scheme based on Certificateless Signature and Blockchain

The carbon tradingmarket can promote“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”at low cost,but carbon emission quotas face attacks such as data forgery,tampering,counterfeiting,and replay in the electricity trading market.Certificateless signatures are a new cryptographic technology that can address traditional cryptography’s general essential certificate requirements and avoid the problem of crucial escrowbased on identity cryptography.However,most certificateless signatures still suffer fromvarious security flaws.We present a secure and efficient certificateless signing scheme by examining the security of existing certificateless signature schemes.To ensure the integrity and verifiability of electricity carbon quota trading,we propose an electricity carbon quota trading scheme based on a certificateless signature and blockchain.Our scheme utilizes certificateless signatures to ensure the validity and nonrepudiation of transactions and adopts blockchain technology to achieve immutability and traceability in electricity carbon quota transactions.In addition,validating electricity carbon quota transactions does not require time-consuming bilinear pairing operations.The results of the analysis indicate that our scheme meets existential unforgeability under adaptive selective message attacks,offers conditional identity privacy protection,resists replay attacks,and demonstrates high computing and communication performance.

Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

SAGeLogE: A Decision Support System for Students’ Accommodation Management

SAGeLogE is the acronym of “Système d’Aide à la Gestion de Logements étudiants” which means student accommodation management support system. It’s a multi-criteria decision support system designed to manage accommodation allocation for university students. Within SAGeLogE we developed the “Minimum of Ranks” (MIRA) aggregation method. MIRA method involves the application of multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) to initially obtain different ranking. Thus, we chose the Weighted Sum Method (WSM), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) methods to be implemented in SAGeLogE. To prioritize the weights of criteria, the Anality Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used. The interest of using the MIRA method was to obtain a compromised ranking coming from these three multi-criteria decision-making methods (WSM, TOPSIS, CoCoSo). So, we know that the accommodation to be allocated to students is always lower than the number of accommodation requests received by the organization. Thus, SAGeLogE proposed a technique that makes it easier to select students ranked by the multi-criteria decision-making and MIRA methods according to a method of calculation of quota of available accommodations within university residences. Finally, university accommodation managers had a wide choice of student ranking according to the methods implemented in SAGeLogE. The SAGeLogE experiment was carried out on the site of Toamasina University in Madagascar for an academic year with 2026 student accommodation applications received. The experimentation showed the ability of SAGeLogE to achieve the result.

Flexible Fixture Design for the Top and End Surface Processing of NP2_NP4 Cylinder Heads

This paper focuses on the design of fixtures for NP2 and NP4 cylinder heads on a horizontal machining center of flexible machining automatic lines.It began with an analysis of the diagrams of part processing and working procedure which formed the basis for the design of the processing technology scheme,a selection of suitable machine tools,and the setting of processing parameters.Fixtures tailored to the chosen machine tools were then designed to meet the processing requirements.Additional aspects of the project included the design of part drawings,calculation of working time quota,design of auxiliary guides,support clamping,and hydraulic circuits,all aimed at fulfilling practical production requirements.

Is It Right for a University to Impose Quotas for Postgraduate Candidates?

Peking University is open about who it wants as students.And it’s only the cream of the crop that administrators wish to see

Carbon Quotas,Subsidies and Engineering Machinery Remanufacturing

Engineering machinery manufacturing and remanufacturing are significant sources of greenhouse gases.In the context of emission reduction and resource recovery,the authors analyze the impact of current carbon quota allocations and government subsidies policies on manufacturers' profits and recovery rates in a closed-loop supply chain.A simplified model consists of two manufacturers,one retailer and a third-party recycler.The study found that carbon quotas and government subsidies can both promote the improvement of recovery rates under certain conditions,and have similar effects in regulating interest distribution between manufacturers.The combination of the two methods can effectively realize the targets of recycling and carbon emissions reduction.

Commerce Ministry Announced the Export Quotas for Zinc,Antimony,Tungsten,Tin and Silver

The Ministry of Commerce recently announcedits decision on the export quotas for zinc,anti-mony,tungsten,tin and silver in 2004.Accord-ing to the data released,all the export quotasare reduced except for silver.Relevant peoplesay that the raw materials shortage is a majorissue for the production of antimony and tin,

The Ministry of Commerce made public a bulletin on adjusting the import quotas of refined oils and tyres

The Ministry of Commerce today made public its bulletin on adjusting the import quotas of refined oils, vehicle tyres and crude oils (non state-owned trade).The document, numbered as the 44th bulletin 2003, says that import quota owners of refined oils, vehicle tyres and crude oils (non state-owned trade) should, if they cannot use up the annual quotas as of the end of 2003, return the quotas to the entrusted