Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna for Radar Applications

The work in this article focuses on developing and improving the performance of new leaky-wave antenna configurations that can be adapted for use in radar systems. The study focused on the W-band, where we demonstrated the possibility of modifying resonant frequencies and reducing the number of patches required. The antenna was designed using HFSS, based on the finite element method. It we designed enabled us to observe the influence of the number of patches on the radiation pattern, and also to achieve low levels of minor’s lobes. and good directivity at the operating frequency. These patches are arranged in the shape of an inverted T. The interest of this study is to meet the requirements of radar antennas dedicated to detection.

MONOSTATIC RADAR CROSS SECTION FOR REFLECTOR ANTENNAS

The calculation formulas of monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) of arbitrary re-flectors with arbitrarily polarized plane-wave incidence are derived, where the spicular field isobtained by geometrical optics (GO) and the edge-diffracted field is calculated by the method ofequivalent currents (MEC). Some typical calculated results are given by means of RCS spatialgraphs. For both horizontal and vertical polarizations, the theoretical results obtained in thispaper agree very well with the experimental results as well as the results from uniform theory ofdiffraction.

Analysis of the False Alarm Fault in Antenna-servo System of Weather Radar

A false alarm fault frequently appeared in antenna-servo system of the CINRAD/SA weather radar of Shanwei in the second half of 2011, so possible reasons for the false alarm fault were listed firstly using method of exhaustion, and then the main reason was determined using exclusive method. That is, the fault was closely related to the signal transmission channel from the antenna mount to servo system in RDA cabinet. After ex- amining questionable nodes in the transmission channels of the alarm signal, we found that the false alarm fault might result from the interference of a burr in the temperature sensing circuit of the elevation motor. In actual operation, a filter capacitor was connected with the corresponding pin in the upper optical board to screen the interference of a burr, thereby successfully eliminating the false alarm fault in antenna-servo system of the CIN- RAD/SA radar of Shanwei.

Antenna selection in MIMO radar with collocated antennas

An antenna adjustment strategy is developed for the target tracking problem in the collocated multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)radar.The basic technique of this strategy is to optimally allocate antennas by the prior information in the tracking recursive period,with the objective of enhancing the worst-case estimate precision of multiple targets.On account of the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound(PCRLB)offering a quantitative measure for target tracking accuracy,the PCRLB of joint direction-of-arrival(DOA)and Doppler is derived and utilized as the optimization criterion.It is shown that the dynamic antenna selection problem is NP-hard,and an efficient technique which combines convex relaxation with local search is put forward as the solution.Simulation results demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed strategy to the fixed antenna configuration and heuristic search algorithm.Moreover,it is able to offer close-to performance of the exhaustive search method.

Ultra-wideband low radar cross-section metasurface and its application on waveguide slot antenna array

A novel approach devoted to achieving ultra-wideband radar cross section reduction（RCSR） of a waveguide slot antenna array（WGSAA） while maintaining its radiation performance is proposed. Three kinds of artificial magnetic conductors（AMCs） tiles consisting of three types of basic units resonant at different frequencies are designed and arranged in a novel quadruple-triangle-type configuration to create a composite planar metasurface. The proposed metasurface is characterized by low radar feature over an ultra-wideband based on the principle of phase cancellation. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate that after the composite metasurface is used to cover part of the antenna array, an ultrawideband RCSR involving in-band and out-of-band is achieved for co-and cross-polarized incident waves based on energy cancellation, while the radiation performance is well retained. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, and easy-tofabricate, providing a new method for ultra-wideband RCSR of an antenna array. Moreover, the method proposed in this paper can easily be applied to other antenna architectures.

Antenna geometry strategy with prior information for direction-finding MIMO radars

The antenna geometry strategy for direction finding （DF） with multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） radars is studied. One case, usually encountered is practical applications, is consi- dered. For a directional antenna geometry with a prior direction, the trace-optimal （TO） criterion （minimizing the trace） on the av- erage Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） matrix is employed. A qualitative explanation for antenna geometry is provided, which is a combi- natorial optimization problem. In the numerical example section, it is shown that the antenna geometries, designed by the proposed strategy, outperform the representative DF antenna geometries.

TIME-SPACE 3D MATCHED FILTERING FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC IMPULSE AND ANTENNA RADAR

The principle and performance of Synthetic Impulse and Antenna Radar(SIAR) are analyzed with the concept of 3D matched filtering. The discussion here is concentrated on the characteristics of SIAR in the case of three dimensions. The results obtained are helpful for designing this new style radar.

Study on Clutter Model and Characteristics of Airborne Radar with Parabolic Conformal Phased Array

The studies on clutter modeling and suppression of airborne radar with a parabolic conformal array are uncommon due to the complexity of this type of antenna array configuration.The correct understanding of clutter characteristics for airborne radar with a parabolic conformal antenna array is the prerequisite and foundation of optimal suppression of this type of clutter.This paper establishes the model of clutter echo of airborne parabolic conformal phased array radar and analyzes the structure characteristics and the distribution features of this type of clutter.The simulation results show that this type of clutter has the following characteristics：1） The main lobe on the azimuth is seriously broadened,2） the power spectrum presents strong heterogeneity,and 3） the freedom degrees are high.Based on the existing related clutter suppression methods,we verified the correctness of the constructed clutter model.This work has an important guidance to further study on clutter suppression methods in airborne parabolic conformal array radar.

An Experimental Study of the Printed-Circuit Elliptic Dipole Antenna with 1.5-16 GHz Bandwidth

Printed-circuit board (PCB) elliptic antennas with useful bandwidth exceeding 10:1 ratio are suitable for wideband radar, wireless ultra wideband (UWB) and other wireless communication applications. We present wideband PCB elliptic dipole antennas which are capable of achieving the bandwidth requirements for all the applications. A set of elliptic dipole antennas with varying eccentricities have been fabricated for demonstration. We find one specific size (specific eccentricity) dipole that can yield an impressive 1.5-16 bandwidth exceeding the currently available. A couple of elliptic dipole antennas suitable for UWB application have been presented. We have measured swept frequency response, impedance and radiation patterns of all dipoles. An empirical formula is given for calculating the starting resonant frequency within the operating band. The calculated values are found in good agreement with measured results.

Design of multi-band metasurface antenna array with low RCS performance

In this paper, a multi-band metasurface（MS） antenna array with low radar cross section（RCS） performance is proposed and measured. Firstly, a 44 antenna array is composed of four 22 Jerusalem cross structure antenna arrays working at different frequency bands, which is aimed at enhancing the bandwidth effectively. Then, each antenna can be seen as a unit of MS in spite of adding the feeding structure. Based on phase cancellation principle, the MS is arranged into a chessboard configuration in order to realize wideband RCS reduction. Thus, excellent radiation and scattering characteristics are obtained simultaneously. Simulated and measured results indicate that this work provides a novel method to achieve bandwidth expansion as well as wideband RCS reduction of the antenna array.

Signal processing method of a novel polarized array radar seeker

This paper proposes a novel polarized radar seeker based on the polarized antenna array. A fully polarized signal processing method for the proposed radar seeker is studied under the environments with electromagnetic interferences. A dual polarized antenna array is employed to transmit and receive the radar signals. The instantaneous polarization signal processing technique is used to detect and recognize the targets. The direction of arrival （DOA） of the target is measured through the spatial spectrum with high resolution for the polarized array radar seeker system. The fully polarized signal model of the polarized array radar seeker is formulated and a specific signal processing algorithm is expounded. The theoretical research and numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed radar seeker has good performances in target detection and electronic warfare. The research results can provide an effective technical approach to develop and research the new generation radar seeker.

BEAM BROADENING SYNTHESIS FOR SAR ANTENNA ARRAY BASED ON PROJECTION MATRIX ALGORITHM

A new beam broadening synthesis technique for Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) antenna array, namely Projection Matrix Algorithm(PMA) is presented. The theory of PMA is introduced firstly, and then the iterative renewed manner is improved to resolve the unbalance problem under amplitude and phase control. In order to validate the algorithm correct and effective, an actual engineering application example is investigated. The beam synthesis results of 1.0~4.5 times broadening under the phase only control and the amplitude and phase control using improved PMA are given. The results show that the beam directivity, the beam broadening, and the side-lobe level requirements were met. It is demonstrated that the improved PMA was effective and feasible for SAR application.

Broadband printed antennas and dual-polarized microstrip and waveguide slot antenna arrays

In order to meet the urgent needs in wireless communications, microwave image synthetic aperture radars （SAR）, and electronic warfare systems, this dissertation studies several types of broadband dual-polarized planar antenna elements and arrays, and proposes a few of novel designs with experimental verification. The main accomplishments reported in the dissertation are as follows.

Analysis and Design of a New Shaped Spherical Reflector Antenna with a Horn Feed

A design method of a new shaped spherical reflector antenna with a horn feed for wide-angle scanning is presented,in which the horn's phase center need not be found out and its optimal position can be determined.It is found from numerical calculation that the shaped spherical reflector antenna has better electrical performance than that of the spherical reflector antenna,at the maximum gain value under the conditions of the same feed and reflector aperture,and can be used as a wide angle searching antenna.

A STEALTHY ANTENNA WITH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE REFLECTOR

A Cassegrainian antenna with frequency selective reflector is introduced, and the measured radiation properties and radar cross-section (RCS) of the antenna are given and discussed. In comparison with ordinary metallic reflector, this antenna can obtain similar radiation pattern and about 15dB of RCS reduction.

天气雷达站电磁环境影响监测研究

天气雷达站产生的超标电磁辐射会对人体造成严重的损伤。为此,提出天气雷达站电磁环境影响监测与分析。分析天气雷达站电磁影响因素,结合发射天线的方向函数,构建雷达功率密度模型。测试结果表明,对于S波、C波段、X波段,真实值与计算值呈现随距离增加而降低的趋势。对于三个波的频段,当接近天线的远场区时,计算值与真实值逐渐接近,相对误差均较小,说明模型在远场区的适用性更强;研究算法与实测值的拟合程度较高;在模型的应用中,真实反映了某市区的电磁辐射情况。

大型精密测量相控阵雷达天线座力学仿真应用研究

超大规模雷达天线座结构系统复杂,造价高、研制周期紧张,如何保证天线座结构设计一次成功,满足雷达结构技术要求是天线座研制的难题。文中结合工程研制,从天线座结构系统力学设计,计算模型建模原则、建模方法、轴承等关键部位连接处理、仿真模型简化与等效,有无斜梁结构方案仿真结果比较与选取,以及轨道平面度、辅助支撑力确定到最终结构优化进行了阐述,对大型雷达天线座结构设计具有一定的指导意义。

基片集成波导馈电的毫米波雷达阵列天线

为了满足毫米波雷达的应用需求,本文设计了一款工作于24 GHz的毫米波雷达阵列天线。该天线由八个1×8单元的微带串馈直线阵列组成平面阵列,每一个线阵采用中心馈电的形式,解决了传统串馈阵列波束偏离阵列法线的问题。同时,利用基片集成波导设计了低损耗的馈电网络,且将馈电网络和辐射贴片排布为两层,大大减小了天线的平面尺寸。此外,本设计中还利用泰勒综合法优化设计了阵列单元的宽度和功分器的分配比例,从而同时优化了天线E面和H面的旁瓣电平。测试结果表明,天线在23.7 GHz~24.2 GHz的频带内|S11|<-10 dB,相对带宽约为2.1%,最大增益为21.1 dB。天线在电场面旁瓣电平小于-20 dB,磁场面小于-23 dB,整体效率约为69%。

某型雷达天线座旋变轴弯曲故障分析

研究对象为机械扫描的多普勒体制机载雷达,采用平板裂缝天线和伺服传动系统实现雷达的波束扫描。天线座是伺服传动系统的关键组成部分。该型天线座已稳定生产多批次,工艺变更后进行了试生产,首件在随机振动验证试验中出现了方位旋变轴弯曲故障。在分析天线座组成和工作原理的基础上,通过开展仿真分析和试验验证,给出了故障产生的原因和机理,并采取了针对性的改进措施,有效地确保了后续批产天线座的质量稳定,对同类工程问题具有重要的参考价值。

某相控阵雷达分布式液冷系统设计研究

天线阵面是有源相控阵雷达的核心,液冷机组作为一种为电子设备提供特定温度冷却液的装置,目前在雷达天线阵面电子设备的冷却方面得到了广泛的应用。基于机动式雷达的高热耗、高重量指标要求、高可靠性及苛刻的环境适应要求,研制了风冷型100kW液冷机组。采用液冷机组与天线阵面协同设计技术,将液冷机组分5个单元布置在有源阵面的中块骨架上,实现了液冷机组与天线阵的集成设计,使液冷机组重量减少54%、体积减小65%、成本降低30%。同时该液冷机组在防风沙及防盐雾环境适应性设计、管路穿舱密封设计等方面进行了关键技术攻关,对后续高集成液冷机组设计提供了借鉴。