Blade bowing effects on radial equilibrium of inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

The circumferentially averaged equation of the inlet flow radial equilibrium in axial compressor was deduced. It indicates that the blade inlet radial pressure gradient is closely related to the radial component of the circumferential fluctuation（CF） source item. Several simplified cascades with/without aerodynamic loading were numerically studied to investigate the effects of blade bowing on the inlet flow radial equilibrium. A data reduction program was conducted to obtain the CF source from three-dimensional（3D） simulation results. Flow parameters at the passage inlet were focused on and each term in the radial equilibrium equation was discussed quantitatively. Results indicate that the inviscid blade force is the inducement of the inlet CF due to geometrical asymmetry. Blade bowing induces variation of the inlet CF, thus changes the radial pressure gradient and leads to flow migration before leading edge（LE） in the cascades. Positive bowing drives the inlet flow to migrate from end walls to mid-span and negative bowing turns it to the reverse direction to build a new equilibrium. In addition, comparative studies indicate that the inlet Mach number and blade loading can efficiently impact the effectiveness of blade bowing on radial equilibrium in compressor design.

Static pressure redistribution mechanism of non-axisymmetric endwall based on radial equilibrium

Non-axisymmetric endwall contouring has been proved to be an effective flow control technique in turbomachinery.Several different flow control mechanisms and qualitative design strategies have been proposed.The endwall contouring mechanism based on the flow governing equations is significant for exploring the quantitative design strategies of the nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring.In this paper,the static pressure redistribution mechanism of endwall contouring was explained based on the radial equilibrium equation.A quantified expression of the static pressure redistribution mechanism was proposed.Compressor cascades were simulated using an experimentally validated numerical method to validate the static pressure redistribution mechanism.A geometric parameter named meridional curvature(Cme)is defined to quantify the concave and convex features of the endwall.Results indicate that the contoured endwall changes the streamline curvature,inducing a centrifugal acceleration.Consequently,the radial pressure gradient is reformed to maintain the radial equilibrium.The convex endwall represented by positive Cme increases the radial pressure gradient,decreasing the endwall static pressure,while the concave endwall represented by negative Cme increases the endwall static pressure.The Cme helps to establish the quantified relation between the change in the endwall radial pressure gradient and the endwall geometry.Besides,there is a great correlation between the distributions of the Cme and the change in the endwall static pressure.It can be concluded that the parameter Cme can be considered as a significant parameter to parameterize the endwall surface and to explore the quantitative design strategies of the nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring.

A semi-analytical approach for calculating the equilibrium structure and radial breathing mode frequency of single-walled carbon nanotubes

A semi-analytical model for determining the equilibrium configuration and the radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency of single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. By taking advantage of the symmetry characteristics, a CNT structure is represented by five independent variables. A line search optimization procedure is employed to determine the equilibrium values of these variables by minimizing the potential energy. With the equilibrium configuration obtained, the semi-analytical model enables an efficient calculation of the RBM frequency of the CNTs. The radius and radial breathing mode frequency results obtained from the semi-analytical approach are compared with those from molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio calculations. The results demonstrate that the semi-analytical approach offers an efficient and accurate way to determine the equilibrium structure and radial breathing mode frequency of CNTs.

Vapour–Liquid Equilibrium for N,N-Dimethylformamide + Benzene + Thiophene via Gibbs Ensemble Molecular Simulation

The selection and design of an optimal solvent for extractive distillation require reliable vapour-liquid phase equilibrium data and knowledge of extraction mechanisms.Compared with time-consuming experiments,molecular simulation presents great potential in research on the properties of fluids.Therefore,in this work,Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo was applied to successfully predict the vapour-liquid phase equilibrium data of binary and ternary systems containing benzene,thiophene and N,Ndimethylformamide(DMF) at P=101.3 kPa.The explicit hydrogen version of the transferable potentials for phase equilibria potential model was chosen for benzene and thiophene,whereas the OPLS potential model was selected for DMF.The predicted phase diagrams were compared with experimental data and the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model.A good agreement was obtained,which corroborated the validity of the potential models.In addition,the extraction mechanism was explored by radial distribution function(RDF) of the liquid-phase structure.The RDFs showed that thiophene and benzene shared a similar liquidphase structure because of the intermolecular interaction.The distinct difference between the RDFs of DMF/benzene and those of DMF/thiophene is that the oxygen atom of DMF is more associated with hydrogen atoms of thiophene than that of benzene,which may be responsible for the extraction effect of DMF.

Prediction of Restriction Width of Carcass by Belts for Radial Tires :Theory, Experiment and Simulation

The restriction width of carcass by the belts( RWCB) as an important parameter of radial tire design has been neglected for a long time. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of tire profile design,the calculating method of RWCB is proposed. The equilibrium profile is calculated by geometric model and variational approach,based on it,the predicted model of RWCB is developed for tire design. Finally,four different designs of 12R22.5 tires are investigated by experiment and finite element method,which is used to validate the accuracy of the theoretical method. Results indicate that experimental and finite element analysis results are found to be in good agreement with theoretical results; linear relationships are existed between the cord length and RWCB,and also existed between the position of belt and RWCB; tires designed by the methods have smaller and more uniform displacement,so the method can be used for tire optimized design.

流场声学层析成像测量方法仿真和实验研究

流速是实现工业生产过程在线监测和精准化控制的重要依据。为准确测得流场分布,提出了基于径向基函数结合均衡优化(RBF-EO)算法的流场声学层析成像方法。采用径向基函数逼近建立声学流场重建模型,利用均衡优化算法求解重建问题中的不适定方程。对典型的四角切圆速度场模型进行了数值模拟与算法的抗噪性检验,并将本算法与传统的重建方法:Tikhonov算法、SVD分解法和灰狼优化算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明该算法能够很好的反演出流场分布,具有较高的重建性能和良好的抗噪性。最后,在实验室进行了1.05 m×1.05 m的测量区域内的流场声学测量实验,并与飘带流场显示和风速仪测量结果进行了对比,结果显示,RBF-EO算法与风速仪测量结果在8个测点的平均误差为9.77%,验证了本文声波流场测量方法的可靠性。

夏季运营环境下西宁市某型号架空导线温度场变化规律

特殊、多变的高寒区气候条件导致架空导线的温度场变化较大,影响导线丝温度变形和分层应力波动,进而引发疲劳断股问题。因此,开展在高原寒区运营环境下架空导线温度场变化规律研究具有重要意义。本文基于二维稳态热平衡控制方程,考虑输电导线内部钢芯和铝导线丝的接触构造及孔隙,建立一套架空导线径向温度场数值求解方法。将该方法应用于JL/G1A-630/55-48/7型钢芯铝绞线,研究其径向温度分布规律和在不同环境下架空导线的温度场变化规律。结果表明:导线内存在不容忽略的径向温度差,风速、光照强度及环境温度对架空导线温度场有较大的影响。

低渗透油藏高含水期层间径向钻孔油藏工程优化研究

受层间储层物性差异的影响,低渗透油藏高含水期层间动用程度差异显著。层间径向钻孔是改善层间动用程度差异的重要技术之一,径向孔个数和长度是影响径向钻孔效果的主要因素。以2层合采油藏为例,以层间均衡动用为目标,以油水两相不稳定渗流理论和等值渗流阻力法为基础,综合考虑层间物性差异和动用程度差异,建立了高含水期油藏径向孔个数及长度的优化方法,并编制了相应的计算程序。采用油藏数值模拟技术对计算结果进行了验证,结果表明,采用新建方法计算结果进行径向钻孔后,层间动用程度差异改善显著,提高了油藏采收率,也表明了所建优化方法的可行性与准确性。

基于双吸叶轮两侧非均衡进气研究轮盘凸台尺寸影响

为明确双吸叶轮两侧叶轮之间的径向轮盘凸台尺寸变化对其总体性能及内部流场的影响,探索不同尺寸轮盘结构叶轮的流动损失机理,基于双吸叶轮两侧非均衡进气条件,采用数值方法对五种径向轮盘尺寸双吸叶轮的三维粘性流场进行了模拟研究。研究结果表明:从双吸叶轮最优性能及最高流动稳定性观点出发,均要求两侧叶轮之间的径向轮盘凸台超出叶片尾缘一定范围;具体超出尺寸范围则需要通过对双吸叶轮的压比、效率性能目标进行折衷确定。径向轮盘凸台尺寸的改变明显影响双吸叶轮两侧叶轮的流量分配,进而影响扩压器内分离流动损失大小及双吸叶轮的整体性能。另外,相比于较大径向轮盘凸台,无径向轮盘凸台结构更容易造成双吸叶轮两侧叶轮流量差距悬殊。

相平衡和径向分布函数(Ⅰ)——相平衡的质量通量准则

提出了描述相际分子转移行为的双阻力物理模型,并给出每项阻力的计算方法;导出一相中的分子向另一相转移的质量通量的计算公式;提出了相平衡的质量通量准则以代替化学位准则,并因此得到两相平衡时的密度关系方程;该方程用于预测液体的蒸气压并取得较好的结果。

新非自然平衡轮廓载重子午线轮胎设计及试验验证

以载重子午线轮胎295/80R22.5为研究对象,利用新非自然平衡轮廓理论对其胎体轮廓进行重新设计。在此基础上,试制了具有新非自然平衡轮廓的轮胎样胎,并依据GB/T23663-2009对其径向、横向和纵向刚度进行测试。借助ABAQUS软件建立了新非自然平衡轮廓轮胎295/80R22.5的有限元分析模型,并对其静态接地压力分布、充气外轮廓以及径向、横向和纵向刚度进行了数值计算。试验测试与数值计算结果有较好的一致性。结果表明,本文建立的新非自然平衡轮廓轮胎的有限元分析模型具有较高的精度,可用其分析轮胎的综合性能。

空分用立式径向流双层吸附床吸附性能研究

阐述了径向流吸附器在空分领域的应用背景,分析了双层吸附床的工作原理,建立了径向流双层吸附床数值计算模型,总结了吸附床层厚度布置对吸附性能及穿透时间的影响规律。计算结果表明,吸附反应必须以监控出口处空气中二氧化碳的含量作为反应结束的标志;在吸附床总厚度和空气流量不变的情况下,两种吸附剂的厚度比为0.3时,双层床吸附剂的利用率最高。

双路功率分流传动系统的静态均载特性分析

为了解决双路功率分流系统的载荷均匀分配的问题,建立该系统的力学模型.首先,采用轮齿几何接触分析和承载接触分析方法对齿轮副实际啮合过程进行仿真,得到齿轮副的时变啮合刚度,提高了计算的精确度,然后,根据系统构成功率流闭环的特点推导出系统的变形协调条件,并结合力矩平衡方程和弹性支撑条件计算各齿轮副传递的扭矩,得到系统的均载系数,最后,分析了浮动轮基于花键间隙和径向限位环约束浮动时对均载特性的影响.结果表明:误差对系统均载特性共同起作用,单独减小某一误差的影响,并不能完全达到均载,基本构件浮动有利于提高均载性能.通过花键间隙和径向限位环的辅助均载作用明显改善了系统的均载特性.与相关实验数据对比,验证了该方法的正确性.

径向柱塞泵转子径向受力平衡性分析

在新型径向柱塞泵的研制过程中，转子的径向受力平衡的分析与计算是十分重要的研究内容，转子的径向受力是否平衡将直接影响到新产品研制的进展和成败。本文对径向柱塞泵转子径向受力进行计算与分析，提出改善平衡性的技术措施。

基于新非自然平衡轮廓设计的载重子午线轮胎振动辐射噪声的研究

从轮胎结构设计角度出发,通过改善轮胎接地特性,降低滚动轮胎与路面接触过程中胎体的振动,提升轮胎的噪声性能。首先,采用任意拉格朗日ALE方法对轮胎进行稳态滚动分析,获取路面激励引起的轮胎瞬时动态响应,在此基础上,采用边界元方法预测了不同结构轮胎滚动时的振动辐射噪声。然后,考虑轮胎接地压力对胎面振动的影响,对接地压力分布与轮胎噪声性能间的关系进行了深入分析。结果表明,建立的新非自然平衡轮廓胎体结构可以改善轮胎与路面接触过程中的相互作用,使得接地面内压力分布更均匀,实现了轮胎振动辐射噪声性能的提升,振动辐射噪声较现行设计轮胎减小了3.7dB。

水波泵内流体径向平衡问题的解法

该文分析了不可压流体在转子进出口的径向平衡问题,对不同的径向流模型进行了讨论,得到满足径向平衡条件的解析解,并对新型水泵——水波泵的进、出口进行了分析计算,为完成水波泵的设计方案提供了依据.

扭振减振器与V带轮的整合研究

目前应用的内燃机曲轴扭振减振器大多数是减振器和曲轴V带轮二合为一的产品。许多研究和设计着眼点都集中在解决内燃机轴系的扭振问题上,而忽略了由于橡胶减振层的原因导致V带轮径向跳动严重超差和动平衡质量下降,使高速运转的内燃机附加了一个振动源。经过整合研究和结构创新,在减振器上加了中心定位轴承后,就能很好地解决上述问题。

一种微型轴流风扇扭叶片设计方法及其气动特性的数值研究

本文利用"径向平衡"原理,建立了轴流叶轮出口通流速度沿叶高的分布方程,并基于此提出了一种新的扭叶片设计方法。将该方法运用于某微型风扇的设计,并采用CFD技术,数值研究了不同扭曲形式下该型风扇的气动特点。通过与用传统方法设计的扭叶片及原始直叶片的气动性能的对比发现,按本文提出的方法所设计的扭叶片不仅能扩大微型风扇小流量稳定工况范围,而且其风压明显增加,有助于提高微型风扇的气动性能。

冷却风扇变密流型扭叶片设计方法及其气动特性的数值研究

利用"径向平衡"原理,推导了轴流叶轮出口通流速度沿叶高的分布方程,并基于此提出了一种新的"变密流型"扭叶片设计方法.将该方法运用于某型叶轮的设计,并采用CFD技术,研究了该类扭叶片的气动特性.通过与传统的"等密流型"扭叶片及原始直叶片的气动性能的比较,发现"变密流型"扭叶片不仅能扩大小流量下风扇的稳定工况范围,而且其风压明显增加,有助于提高冷却风扇的散热性能.

基于神经网络的多组分相平衡常数预测模型

以抚顺石油二厂乙苯车间的精馏工段为背景，以相平衡常数的简化计算公式为依据，利用多层前馈网络（ＭＮＮ）和径向基函数网络（ＲＢＦＮ）分别建立了各自的相平衡常数神经网络预测模型，并对网络训练过程中所应注意的问题进行了讨论。通过将预测结果与ＰＲＯ／Ⅱ的模拟结果进行分析比较。