Mathematical model of wave transformation over radial sand ridge field on continental shelf of South Yellow Sea

According to a deformed mild-slope equation derived by Guang-wen Hong and an enhanced numerical method, a wave refraction-diffraction nonlinear mathematical model that takes tidal level change and the high-order bathymetry factor into account has been developed. The deformed mild-slope equation is used to eliminate the restriction of wave length on calculation steps. Using the hard disk to record data during the calculation process, the enhanced numerical method can save computer memory space to a certain extent, so that a large-scale sea area can be calculated with high-resolution grids. This model was applied to wave field integral calculation over a radial sand ridge field in the South Yellow Sea. The results demonstrate some features of the wave field： （1） the wave-height contour lines are arc-shaped near the shore; （2） waves break many times when they propagate toward the shore; （3） wave field characteristics on the northern and southern sides of Huangshayang are different; and （4） the characteristics of wave distribution match the terrain features. The application of this model in the region of the radial sand ridge field suggests that it is a feasible way to analyze wave refraction-diffraction effects under natural sea conditions.

Implications for Discovery of Strong Radial Magnetic Field at the Galactic Center—Challenge to Black Hole Models

The black hole model will be excluded by a very strong radial magnetic field near the Galactic Center which has been detected in 2013. Following it, the explosion mechanism, for both supernova and the hot big bang of the Universe, driven by magnetic monopoles is proposed in this paper.

Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins under the Control of Radial Electric Field

Separation of basic proteins was performed using a homemade field-modulated capillary electrophoresis system. The resolution. elution and even wall adsorption can be regulated by ad-lusting the radial rather than axial voltage applied. Selection of running buffer and pH was found to be critical.

Numerical Simulation of Modified Radial Electric Field by LHCD

Based on the electron’s radial force equilibrium, the profiles of radial electric field in OH and LHCD phase are calculated by using a simulation code. The dependences of radial electron field on electron density and its profile and different current ratio, Irf/Ip, are given. The connections between the improvement of plasma confinement and the modified radial electric field by LHCD are discussed by comparing the calculated results with the experimental results.

Radial magnetic field in magnetic confinement device

The intrinsic radial magnetic field（B r） in a tokamak is explored by the solution of the Grad–Shafranov equation in axisymmetric configurations through an expansion of the four terms of the magnetic surfaces. It can be inferred from the simulation results that at the core of the device, the tokamak should possess a three-dimensional magnetic field configuration, which could be reduced to a two-dimensional one when the radial position is greater than 0.6a. The radial magnetic field and the amzimuthal magnetic field have the same order of magnitude at the core of the device. These results can offer a reference for the analysis of the plasma instability, the property of the core plasma, and the magnetic field measurement.

Radial tidal current field in a semi-enclosed rectangular basin: formation and evolution

The radial tidal current field accounts for the formation of the radial sand ridges in the South Yellow Sea. Understanding the formation and evolution of this radial tidal current field is vital to assessing the morphodynamic features in the area. A semi-enclosed rectangular basin with and without a coastal barrier was schematized from the topography of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The 2D tidal current field in this basin was simulated using the DELFT3D-FLOW model. The concept of tidal wave refraction, which highlights the effect of the sloped or stepped submarine topography on the propagation of the tidal waves, was introduced to explain the formation of the radial tidal current field. Under the effect of tidal wave refraction, co-phase lines of the counterclockwise rotating tidal wave and incident tidal wave are transformed into clockwise and counterclockwise deflections, respectively, leading to the convergence and divergence of the flow field. Regardless of whether a coastal barrier exists or not, the outer radial tidal current field might emerge over certain topography. The responses of the radial tidal current field in this basin to the environmental variations such as coastline changes and bottom erosions were discussed. Results show that local protrusion near the focal point of the radial tidal current field will have limited effects on the location of the tidal system. However, a remarkable shift of the amphidromic point toward the entrance and central axis of this basin and a movement of the focal point of the radial tidal current field toward the entrance could be caused by the significant seaward coastline advance and submarine slope erosion.

Reversal of radial glow distribution in helicon plasma induced by reversed magnetic field

In this work, the reversal of radial glow distribution induced by reversed magnetic field is reported. Based on the Boswell antenna which is symmetric and insensitive to the magnetic field direction, it seems such a phenomenon in theory appears impossible. However, according to the diagnostic of the helicon waves by magnetic probe, it is found that the direction of magnetic field significantly affects the propagation characteristic of helicon waves, i.e., the interchange of the helicon waves at the upper and the lower half of tube was caused by reversing the direction of magnetic field. It is suggested that the variation of helicon wave against the direction of magnetic field causes the reversed radial glow distribution. The appearance of the traveling wave does not only improve the discharge strength, but also determines the transition of the discharge mode.

Intra-Atomic Electric Field Radial Potentials in Step-Like Presentation

Within the frames of semiclassical approach, intra-atomic electric field potentials are parameterized in form of radial step-like functions. Corresponding parameters for 80 chemical elements are tabulated by fitting of the semiclassical energy levels of atomic electrons to their first principle values. In substance binding energy and electronic structure calculations, superposition of the semiclassically parameterized constituent-atomic potentials can serve as a good initial approximation of its inner potential: the estimated errors of the determined structural and energy parameters make up a few percent.

A contrastive study on the influences of radial and three-dimensional satellite gravity gradiometry on the accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field recovery

The accuracy of the Earth＇s gravitational field measured from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer（GOCE）,up to 250 degrees,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij from the satellite gravity gradiometry（SGG） are contrastively demonstrated based on the analytical error model and numerical simulation,respectively.Firstly,the new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height,influenced by the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are established,respectively.In 250 degrees,the GOCE cumulative geoid height error measured by the radial gravity gradient V zz is about 2 1/2 times higher than that measured by the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij.Secondly,the Earth＇s gravitational field from GOCE completely up to 250 degrees is recovered using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij by numerical simulation,respectively.The study results show that when the measurement error of the gravity gradient is 3×10 12 /s 2,the cumulative geoid height errors using the radial gravity gradient V zz and three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij are 12.319 cm and 9.295 cm at 250 degrees,respectively.The accuracy of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional gravity gradient V ij is improved by 30%-40% on average compared with that using the radial gravity gradient V zz in 250 degrees.Finally,by mutual verification of the analytical error model and numerical simulation,the orders of magnitude from the accuracies of the Earth＇s gravitational field recovery make no substantial differences based on the radial and three-dimensional gravity gradients,respectively.Therefore,it is feasible to develop in advance a radial cold-atom interferometric gradiometer with a measurement accuracy of 10 13 /s 2-10 15 /s 2 for precisely producing the next-generation GOCE Follow-On Earth gravity field model with a high spatial resolution.

基于航空重力梯度数据重建高分辨率局部重力场的径向基函数方法

基于径向基函数技术,研究了利用航空重力梯度数据重建局部重力场模型的方法,建立了泊松小波径向基函数和航空重力梯度张量之间的解析关系.以频率域变换和等效源方法为例讨论了不同梯度分量转换方法对重力场建模的影响,分析了基函数埋深深度对建模的影响.以澳大利亚珀斯Kauring试验场为例,采用实测航空重力梯度垂直分量构建了高分辨率重力场模型.结果表明,局部地形扰动对建模的影响较大,即使在平原或丘陵区域,也要考虑其影响.此外,不同梯度分量转换方法对于区域重力异常恢复的影响较小.再者,基函数埋深深度对建模影响较大;相比于采用重力数据建模而言,基于航空重力梯度数据求解时,基函数的适宜埋深深度更浅.联合航空重力梯度数据求解能显著提高重力场模型在高频和甚高频波段的分辨率和精度.与实测航空重力数据对比表明,利用航空重力梯度数据可构建分辨率约为0.15 km、精度优于1 mGal的重力场模型.

角色动画中基于隐式曲面的皮肤变形方法

提出了一种角色动画中基于隐式曲面的皮肤变形方法,主要面向具有骨骼层次以及相关蒙皮权重的动画模型,利用隐式曲面来驱动皮肤变形.首先,采用埃尔米特径向基函数和泊松圆盘采样对给定骨骼绑定的网格部分进行重建,把角色模型的体积近似当作一组局部的三维标量场,并保留原有的网格属性;其次,构造场函数,通过场函数纠正几何蒙皮技术的结果;最后,结合两种组合算子,使用隐式方法在人体模型上形成合理可信的皮肤变形效果.本方法不会产生糖纸扭曲和关节膨胀的问题,并且可以生成皮肤接触效果和肌肉凸起.由于该方法是后处理,因此非常适合标准动画制作流程.

仿鹰翼型叶片幅流风机气动噪声性能研究

为进一步优化幅流风机气动噪声性能,以某地铁空调系统中幅流风机为研究对象,提取雀鹰羽翼展向40%截面处作为参考,重构风机叶片。基于Fluent软件,采用Realizable K-ε模型,利用数值模拟方法和声类比FW-H方程,对仿鹰翼型叶片风机进行流场及气动噪声分析。结果表明,仿鹰翼型叶片风机较原风机风量增加2.67 m^(3)/min,叶轮效率提高3.07%,噪声降低2.34 dB。仿鹰翼型叶片可有效抑制漩涡噪声,改善幅流风机气动性能和声学性能。

不均匀温度场下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空分析

为了解不均匀温度场作用下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空原因,依托高原山区某跨径430 m的钢管混凝土拱桥,进行强辐射、大温差联合作用下拱肋拱顶节段足尺模型试验,分析模型温度场分布,并对该不均匀温度场作用下管内混凝土脱空机理进行研究。结果表明:钢管混凝土拱桥水化阶段和运营阶段径向温度场可简化为多段式折线变化规律。14:00时刻,水化阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)先减小后升高再减小,在距向阳侧界面D/8~3D/8处(D为钢管内径)存在一个大温差面,运营阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)呈先减小后不变再增加的非对称分布规律,从钢管混凝土界面至距其D/8处温度变化大。混凝土水化阶段和运营阶段管内混凝土脱空机理为:在温度场作用下钢管混凝土界面最大纵向应力差分别高达82.6 MPa和61.95 MPa,最大界面径向拉应力分别为0.8 MPa和2.06 MPa,均超过钢管和混凝土间的粘结强度。

可调频旋转磁场仪的装置设计与磁场测量

在教学演示仪器中利用三相交流电产生旋转磁场的传统方法存在仪器损耗大、安全隐患多、成本昂贵等问题。本论文设计了一种可调频旋转磁场的产生装置,在四个辐射状横放的带铁芯螺线管中通入低压直流电,通过PLC板编程对电流进行换向,同时改变换向时间可使置入装置中心的小磁针的偏转周期发生变化,从而达到可调频的效果。螺线管中通入单相恒定直流电时,小磁针不发生偏转;通入双相矩形脉冲电流时,小磁针以45°角步进旋转。磁场方向的转速取决于电流的换向频率。该装置不仅规避了传统方法的不足,且同时兼具定性演示和定量测量双重功能,可作为一款性能优异的实验教学仪器。

Development of the PARASOL Code and Full Particle Simulation of Tokamak Plasma with an Open-Field SOL-Divertor Region Using PARASOL

The PARASOL code and the simulation by using PARASOL are introduced briefly. The PARASOL code with particle-in-cell （PIC） method and binary collision model was developed in JAERI and JAEA. Simulations using PARASOL code were carried out in order to investigate the power and particle control with diveror system in fusion reactors. The one-dimensional （1D） version of PARASOL was adopted to investigate the Bohm criterion, the supersonic flow, the SOL heat conduction, and so on. The heat propagation due to edge localized mode （ELM） was studied with the 1D-dynamic PARASOL. The two-dimensional version of PARASOL for the whole tokamak plasma including scrape-off-layer （SOL）-divertor region was useful for simulating the SOL flow pattern, the electric field formation etc. Based on PARASOL simulation results, improved physics modeling for the fluid simulation was built up.

复杂地区局部重力场带限SRBF二次逼近法

本文利用基于带限球面径向基函数(SRBF)的重力场二次累积逼近法,对地形复杂地区重力场模型的构建进行了较为详细的数值分析和验证工作。首先,利用带限SRBF将卫星重力场模型(GGM)数据与航空重力数据进行融合,构建了研究地区的初始重力场模型(基于SRBF的重力场第一次逼近)。与仅依赖于航空数据得到的重力场模型相比,初始重力场模型与GPS/水准数据之间的大地水准面差异标准差(STD)在研究区域降低了约0.022 m,表明了融合GGM和航空重力数据进行初始重力场建模的有效性。然后,在移去参考重力场模型、初始重力场模型和残余地形模型效应的基础上,利用残余地面和航空重力数据进行了基于带限SRBF的重力场第二次逼近。与传统的基于SRBF的一次逼近方法相比,二次SRBF逼近方法所得模型在研究区域的大地水准面差异STD和RMS值分别降低了0.036 m和0.024 m,显示了带限SRBF二次累积逼近方法的优越性。此外,研究区域地形属于复杂的山区,可以为复杂地区重力场模型的构建提供一定参考。

A radial non-uniform helicon equilibrium discharge model

Helicon discharges have attracted great attention in the electric propulsion community in recent years. To acquire the equilibrium properties, a self-consistent model is developed, which combines the helicon/Trivelpiece-Gould （TG） waves- plasma interaction mechanism and the plasma flow theory under the confinement of the magnetic field. The calculations reproduce the central peak density phenomenon observed in the experiments. The results show that when operating in the wave coupling mode, high magnetic field strength B0 results in the deviation of the central density versus B0 from the linear relationship, while the density rise becomes flatter as the radiofrequency （rf） input power Prf grows, and the electron temperature Te radial profile is mainly determined by the characteristic of the rf energy deposition. The model could provide suggestions in choosing the B0 and Prf for medium power helicon thrusters.

Convective heat and mass transfer in MHD mixed convection flow of Jeffrey nanofluid over a radially stretching surface with thermal radiation

Mixed convection flow of magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) Jeffrey nanofluid over a radially stretching surface with radiative surface is studied. Radial sheet is considered to be convectively heated. Convective boundary conditions through heat and mass are employed. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Convergent series solutions of the resulting problems are derived. Emphasis has been focused on studying the effects of mixed convection, thermal radiation, magnetic field and nanoparticles on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields. Numerical values of the physical parameters involved in the problem are computed for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed.

Simulation of Radial Variation of Neutral Atoms on Edge Plasma of Small Size Divertor Tokamak

Simulations have been performed to investigate the impact of radial variation of neutral atoms (neutral puff) on the edge plasma of small size divertor tokamak. It was demonstrated that, the variation of neutral atoms (neutral puff) in edge plasma of small size divertor tokamak generates additional large radial electric field and large radial electric field shear near separatrix which can significantly influence global confinement by affecting the transition from low (L) to high (H) confinement. This simulation was performed by using B2SOLPS0.5.2D fluid transport code based on a reduced form of the transport form of transport equations. These transport equations are implemented in B2SOLPS0.5.2D fluid transport code and solved for the parameters of Small Size Divertor tokamak. The results of simulation by fluid transport B2SOLPS0.5.2D code can be summarized as follow: 1) The Plasma Parameters are significantly effect by neutral atoms puffing in the edge plasma of small size divertor tokamak;2) Contrary to previous expectation [1] of the predominant role of neutral viscosity on toroidal flux, anomalous transport was found to be mainly effect on toroidal flux;3) Puffing of gas (neutral) in the edge plasma of small size divertor tokamak produce strong ITB;4) Puffing of gas (neutral) in the edge plasma of small size divertor increase plasma density especially in SOL through charge exchange and ionization processes;5) Puffing of gas (neutral) in the edge plasma of small size divertor has significant effect on the distribution of plasma heat flux;6) The radial electric field is affected by gas (neutral) puffing in the edge plasma of small size divertor;7) Puffing of neutral (atoms) in the edge plasma of small size divertor tokamak produce large radial electric field shear which contribute to L-H transition;8) The centrifugal effect has no influence on distribution of the radial profile of parallel (toroidal) velocity of edge plasma of small size divertor tokamak during gas (neutral) puffing;9) The bootstrap current in edge plasma of small size divertor tokamak is significantly affected by gas (neutral) puffing.

Numerical analysis of thermal process in continuous drive radial friction welding

A heat source model for radial friction welding was proposed, which was determined by friction pressure, friction coefficient, material properties and extrusion speed of material. A 3D model was established to analyze the continuous drive radial friction welding temperature field of 45 steel pipe. The influences of friction pressure, friction time and rotation speed on the temperature of the friction interface were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature on the friction interface rapidly rose to a peak temperature in initial friction stage and kept constant in the stable friction stage. Welding parameters of friction pressure, friction time and rotation speed had few influences on the peak temperature, while the increase of frlctlon pressure and rotation speed could shorten the time to reach the peak temperature.