Modeling and Simulation of Radial-Axial Large Ring Rolling

Finite element model is constructed according to the principle and characteristics of radial-axial large ring rolling technology. Dynamic explicit finite element method is used to simulate the rolling process. An effective modeling method of guide roller is proposed. Simulation indicates that high quality ring product could be obtained when rational rotational speed of rollers and feed rate in the radial and axial rolling are assigned.

Influence of Aspect Ratio on Rolling Shear Properties of Fast-Grown Small Diameter Eucalyptus Lumber

Eucalyptus is a major fast-grown species in South China,which has the potential for producing structural wood products such as cross-laminated timber(CLT).Aspect ratio(board width vs.board thickness)of eucalyptus lumbers is small due to the small diameter of fast-grown eucalyptus wood.To evaluate its rolling shear modulus and strength for potential CLT applications,three-layer hybrid CLT shear block specimens with different aspect ratios(2,4,6),were tested by planar shear test method.Digital image correlation(DIC)was employed to measure the rolling shear strain distribution and development during the planar shear tests.The mean values of rolling shear modulus and strength of eucalyptus lamination were 260.3%and 88.2%higher than those of SPF(Spruce-pine-fir)lamination with the same aspect ratio of 4,respectively.The rolling shear properties of eucalyptus laminations increased as the aspect ratio increased.Aspect ratio had a significant influence on rolling shear modulus compared to rolling shear strength.The high shear strain regions were primarily found around the gaps between segments of cross layer.The quantity of high shear strain regions increased as the aspect ratio of lamination decreased.Other high shear strain regions also occurred around the pith and along the glue line.The sudden failure of specimen occurred in the high strain region.In conclusion,the rolling shear strength and modulus of fast-grown eucalyptus laminations exceed the respective characteristic values for softwoods in the current standard by roughly factors of 3 and 8,indicating great potential for fast-grown eucalyptus wood cross-layers in CLT.

EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING RATIO OF CATALYST ON SYNTHESIS OF DIAMOND

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Effect of Sliding／Rolling Ratio on the Temperature Distribution and Traction Coefficient of Line Contact Thermal EHL of Helical Gears

By using multi-grid method, the simultaneous Reynolds, elasticily, film-thickness,rheology, energy and thermal interface temperature equations are solved, and the numerical solution of line-ontact thermal EHL is successfully obtained and presented in this paper.In addition, the influence of sliding/rolling ratio on the distribution of temperature within the film and on the solid surface. minimum film thickness and traction coefficient are also studied. The results show that the influence of temperature on film thickness is significant and unnegligible, All mentioned above may provide a basis for further investigation of thermal EHL of helical gears.

Effects of rolling parameters of snake hot rolling on strain distribution of aluminum alloy 7075

The realization way of snake rolling was introduced. Flow velocity, strain and stress distribution of 7075 aluminum alloy plate during snake rolling and symmetrical rolling were analyzed in Deform 3D. Effects of velocity ratio, offset distance between two rolls and pass reduction on the distribution of equivalent strain and shear strain were analyzed. The results show that flow velocity and equivalent strain on the lower layer of the plate are larger than those of the upper layer because of the larger velocity of the lower roll and the gap is increased with the increase of velocity ratio and pass reduction. The shear strain of roiling direction in the center point is almost zero during symmetrical rolling, while it is much larger during snake rolling because of the existence of rub zone. The shear strain is increased with the increase of velocity ratio, offset distance and pass reduction. This additional shear strain is beneficial to improve the in_homogeneous strain distribution.

Effects of Service Condition on Rolling Contact Fatigue Failure Mechanism and Lifetime of Thermal Spray Coatings——A Review

The service condition determines the Roiling Contact Fatigue（RCF） failure mechanism and lifetime under ascertain material structure integrity parameter of thermal spray coating. The available literature on the RCF testing of thermal spray coatings under various condition services is considerable; it is generally difficult to synthesize all of the result to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the parameters which has a great effect on a thermal spray coating＇s resistance of RCF. The effects of service conditions（lubrication states, contact stresses, revolve speed, and slip ratio） on the changing of thermal spray coatings＇ contact fatigue lifetime is introduced systematically. The effects of different service condition on RCF failure mechanism of thermal spray coating from the change of material structure integrity are also summarized. Moreover, In order to enhance the RCF performance, the parameter optimal design formula of service condition and material structure integrity is proposed based on the effect of service condition on thermal spray coatings＇ contact fatigue lifetime and RCF failure mechanism. The shortage of available literature and the forecast focus in future researches are discussed based on available research. The explicit result of RCF lifetime law and parameter optimal design formula in term of lubrication states, contact stresses, revolve speed, and slip ratio, is significant to improve the RCF performance on the engineering application.

Quantitative Diagnosis of Fault Severity Trend of Rolling Element Bearings

The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings are particularly crucial in rotating mechanical applications in industry. A bearing fault signal contains information not only about fault condition and fault type but also the severity of the fault. This means fault severity quantitative analysis is one of most active and valid ways to realize proper maintenance decision. Aiming at the deficiency of the research in bearing single point pitting fault quantitative diagnosis, a new back-propagation neural network method based on wavelet packet decomposition coefficient entropy is proposed. The three levels of wavelet packet coefficient entropy（WPCE） is introduced as a characteristic input vector to the BPNN. Compared with the wavelet packet decomposition energy ratio input vector, WPCE shows more sensitive in distinguishing from the different fault severity degree of the measured signal. The engineering application results show that the quantitative trend fault diagnosis is realized in the different fault degree of the single point bearing pitting fault. The breakthrough attempt from quantitative to qualitative on the pattern recognition of rolling element bearings fault diagnosis is realized.

Rolling element bearing instantaneous rotational frequency estimation based on EMD soft-thresholding denoising and instantaneous fault characteristic frequency

The accurate estimation of the rolling element bearing instantaneous rotational frequency(IRF) is the key capability of the order tracking method based on time-frequency analysis. The rolling element bearing IRF can be accurately estimated according to the instantaneous fault characteristic frequency(IFCF). However, in an environment with a low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), e.g., an incipient fault or function at a low speed, the signal contains strong background noise that seriously affects the effectiveness of the aforementioned method. An algorithm of signal preprocessing based on empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and wavelet shrinkage was proposed in this work. Compared with EMD denoising by the cross-correlation coefficient and kurtosis(CCK) criterion, the method of EMD soft-thresholding(ST) denoising can ensure the integrity of the signal, improve the SNR, and highlight fault features. The effectiveness of the algorithm for rolling element bearing IRF estimation by EMD ST denoising and the IFCF was validated by both simulated and experimental bearing vibration signals at a low SNR.

Analysis of strain variation in cross shear zone of plate during snake hot rolling

In order to study the distribution of equivalent and shear strain of aluminum alloy plate during snake hot rolling, several coupled thermo-mechanical finite element models(FEM) are established. Effects of speed ratio and offset distance on strain distribution of the plate are analyzed. The length of cross shear zone is defined to have a better understanding of the deformation characteristic in cross shear zone, which is the essential difference from symmetrical rolling in deformation zone. The results show that the equivalent strain and shear strain of lower part both increase with the increase of speed ratio, while the upper part decreases; the equivalent strain through the whole thickness decreases with ascending offset distance, while the shear strain of lower part increases. The length of cross shear zone quickly increases with ascending speed ratio and slightly decreases with ascending offset distance. The "positive" and "negative" cross shear zones are formed with the increase of speed ratio and offset distance, respectively. The value of the sensitivity coefficient of speed ratio is an order of magnitude bigger than the offset distance. However, the shear strain at center point increases with the ascending speed ratio and offset distance for different mechanism. As speed ratio increases, the asymmetry of the distribution of equivalent is becoming larger and the shear strain is generated in the same direction in cross shear zone. The FEM results agree well with experimental results.

On a plastic instability criterion for ultra-large radial-axial ring rolling process with four guide rolls

A dynamic mechanical model is proposed to describe the complexing actions of all the rolls on the ring during the ultra-large radial-axial ring rolling(RARR)process with four guide rolls.Based on the model,the calculation models for bending moment and normal stress at any section of the ring are deduced by force method.If the maximum section bending normal stress exceeds the yield stress of the ring materials,the ring will be distorted thus leading to the instability of the RARR process.According to this,a plastic instability criterion for the ultra-large RARR process with four guide rolls is developed,based on which a mathematical model to calculate the critical guide force for avoiding plastic instability of ring is obtained.The influence rule of the position of guide roll on the dangerous ring section of plastic instability is revealed,from which it is found the dangerous ring section mainly appears at the radial and axial deformation regions and the contact positions of the guide rolls and ring.The optimized layout of guide roll around the ring in favor of stability is determined to be about a1=61°and a2=119°.The plastic instability criterion is proven to be reliable from the aspects of the critical guide force,the section bending moment and normal stress and the dangerous ring section of plastic instability.Intelligent simulation case studies for the RARR process of ultra-large aluminum alloy ring indicate that the stable forming of the process can be effectively realized by regulating the guide force based on the plastic instability criterion.This work could provide a valuable guidance for the control of guide rolls and the optimization of the ultra-large RARR process with four guide rolls.

Development of a hot-rolled 980 MPa advanced high-strength steel with excellent flangeability and bendability

A new 980 MPa advanced high-strength steel(AHSS) with excellent bendability and flangeability has been studied and industrially produced, typical of tensile strength, fractured elongation, and hole expansion ratio(HER) exceeding 980 MPa, 10%,and 30%,respectively.The 90° V-type bending perpendicular to the rolling direction can satisfy the R/t=1.0 requirement, indicating excellent bendability.Systematic evaluations of industrial trial-produced 980 MPa hot-rolled AHSS have been conducted, including microstructure, tensile properties in three directions, HER,bendability, fatigue limit strength, and forming limit.The microstructure of the newly developed 980 MPa AHSS primarily consists of fine bainite and a small amount of martensite-austenite constituent.The practical yield and tensile strength are higher than 800 and 980 MPa, respectively, with typical elongation of 13% and HER of around 40%.The good combination of the newly developed 980 MPa AHSS is primarily attributed to the fine bainitic microstructure, resulting in excellent flangeability and bendability.In addition, the newly developed 980 MPa AHSS has good fatigue and forming properties, making it suitable for the production of chassis and suspension components.

Finite element analysis of the bulge defect forming and eliminating on tube continuous rolled by full floating mandrel mill

Based on the ABAQUS explicit dynamic simulation platform,the finite element model of single stand mill with restrained mandrel was adopted to research the influence of mandrel - roller velocity ratio (MRVR),mandrel friction and tension between stands on rolling force.The analysis results show that when the MRVR is lower than 1,the rolling force increases obviously with the increase of MRVR and reaches the peak value when the MRVR is about 1.The rolling force increase induced by the MRVR increase is the main reason of the formation of the bulge defect on the tube head and tail at the entering and exiting stage during tube continuous rolling process by full floating mandrel mill,which can be intensified by the increase of mandrel friction coefficient.The rolling force decreases with the increase of tension.As the tension is larger, the rolling force decrease amplitude is larger.The influence of backward tension on rolling force is greater than that of forward tension distinctly.Tension control can be used to decrease the rolling force increase induced by the MRVR increase,which is imposing tension at the same time when the MRVR increases,in order to improve even eliminate the bulge defect,and enhance the tube dimension precision.

滚仰式光电吊舱对地目标的平移运动补偿

由于挂载于某无人飞行平台上的滚仰式光电吊舱具有极大的速高比,因此在对地观测时,会在光电传感器的曝光时间内产生较大像移,使图像变得模糊不清,从而影响成像质量;同时,快速刷新的视频场景使操作手很难发现感兴趣的目标,也给跟踪捕获带来困难。针对此情况,本文提出利用惯导及光电吊舱信息求取相对目标运动的角速度,并通过设备的反向运动补偿来消除载体平移运动的不利影响。同时,本文还给出了补偿的应用条件限制及误差分析,并就目标距离、补偿角速度与观测角度、飞行高度的关系进行了仿真,接着对惯导测量误差及框架角误差对补偿角速度误差的影响进行了仿真分析。经过实际的挂飞试验验证表明:在不考虑光电吊舱运动范围受限情况下,光电视轴可长时间持续稳定地指向任一目标区域,输出清晰稳定的图像而不受载体平移运动的影响,从而给操作手的观测及操作带来极大便利。

基于综合熵权-信噪比的球轴承外圈沟道ELID磨削加工参数优化

为提高球轴承外圈沟道表面的加工质量,实现对电解在线砂轮修整ELID磨削加工试验中摆动参数、磨削参数的精确控制,设计正交试验并基于试验数据建立表面质量与加工参数之间的二阶响应模型和指数回归模型;通过熵权理论确定表面粗糙度与轮廓度的综合权重,最终获得最优加工参数,并结合信噪比的基本特性分析加工参数对表面质量的影响程度。结果表明:指数回归模型对表面粗糙度预测较为精确,二阶响应模型对轮廓度预测较为精确,误差均在5%以下;表面粗糙度、轮廓度综合权重分别为0.4568,0.5432,最优加工参数为摆动幅度11°、摆动速度6°/s、砂轮转速19500 r/min、工件转速50 r/min;加工参数的影响程度由大到小依次为摆动幅度、摆动速度、工件转速、砂轮转速。

面向类不均衡数据的多任务博弈概率分类向量机

在工程实际中获取的故障样本往往会呈现不均衡特点,同时传统的分类模型也会存在局限性。针对这些问题,基于稀疏贝叶斯理论、模糊隶属度等理论,提出了一种多任务博弈概率分类向量机(MGPCVM)分类方法。首先,在MGPCVM的目标函数中,设计了博弈因子,将不同类样本质心间的博弈信息赋予每个样本特定的样本质心敏感值,以解决传统分类器对不平衡数据集分类表现较差的问题;然后,在贝叶斯框架理论下,采用截断高斯先验分布的方法,使样本参数的正负与对应的标签信息相一致,且使样本质心敏感值产生了稀疏估计;最后,将MGPCVM方法应用于两种不同实验平台采集的滚动轴承实验数据处理,进行了故障诊断有效性验证。研究结果表明:在不同的不平衡比(IR)下,MGPCVM方法的准确率均保持在95%以上,相对于支持向量机(SVM)、概率分类向量机(PCVM)等方法提升了4%~8%;与典型向量式分类方法相比,MGPCVM方法可以在不平衡数据条件下表现出优越的分类性能,适用于实际工况中数据失衡的分类问题。

轧制工艺对TA15钛合金板微观组织及拉伸力学性能的影响

对比研究了采用包套轧制工艺及普通冷轧工艺制备的TA15钛合金薄板的纵、横向微观组织及室温和高温拉伸力学性能。研究表明:两种工艺获得的钛合金板纵、横向微观组织的物相、尺寸、体积占比相似,纵向维氏硬度较横向的高。热轧工艺与冷轧工艺制备的钛合金板相比,力学性能更加优异、力学性能纵横向差异小、综合性能更好、室温屈服强度更高,呈现出“横向大于纵向、热轧大于冷轧”的对比特征。热轧工艺可弱化织构的方向,使成品钛合金板呈现出“强度高、屈强比大、纵横差小”的拉伸力学性能特性。

HB400/HG70双金属工程机械钢热轧结合行为模拟研究

目的研究HB400/HG70双金属热轧过程中轧制温度、压下率和轧辊转速对应力、应变及温度分布的影响规律。方法利用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟软件,建立了HB400耐磨钢/HG70焊接钢双金属热轧有限元模型。结果当压下率从50%增加至60%时,HB400与HG70两侧等效应变差值增大,已结合的部位由于变形量加大和应力集中导致结合失效。当压下率为50%时,结合区域等效应变为0.77~0.87,两侧的平均等效应变差值为0.0047且最大值为0.01。轧制速度过快导致双金属未完全结合就离开了轧制区域,降低轧制速度可以使垂直轧制方向的应力分布更均匀,当轧制速度为0.6 rad/s时,HB400与HG70两侧等效应变没有明显差别。温度升高可以提高HB400与HG70两侧的变形均匀性。随着压下率的增加,复合板与轧辊的传热效率增强。复合板的温度下降更加明显。结论HB400与HG70双金属复合板的轧制协调性较好,无明显翘曲。热轧后双金属外侧应力大于结合区域应力;提高轧制温度、压下率和降低轧辊转速,能使垂直轧制方向的应力分布更均匀。最佳的热轧条件为温度1200℃、压下率50%、轧制速度0.6rad/s。

弹簧预紧力对轴承滚子不平衡量检测仪振动响应的影响

以圆柱滚子动不平衡量检测仪的气浮检测装置为研究对象,通过试验研究了不同预紧力对气浮检测装置振动响应的影响,建立振动系统-滚子动力学模型分析振幅的影响因素及弹簧预紧力对振动系统阻尼比的影响,结果表明:气浮检测装置的振动响应随动不平衡量的增加而增大,其主要受振动系统质量和阻尼比的限制;随着弹簧预紧力的增大,振动系统阻尼比先减小后增大,在预紧力为1.96 N时取得最小值;系统共振振幅只与阻尼比的变化有关,与滚子随转频衰减的离心力无关。

龙形轧制轧板的弯曲控制及其对性能影响的研究综述

龙形轧制是一种非对称轧制工艺,通过在异步轧制基础上引入轧辊错位这一新的非对称元素,在增加轧板心部变形量的同时,克服异步轧制导致的轧板弯曲。本文围绕龙形轧制轧板的弯曲控制和其对性能影响的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了新的研究成果并分析了不同研究工作的特点,最后对龙形轧制工艺研究当前存在的主要问题进行了综述,并提出了未来的研究方向。