Simulation and Analysis of Typical Mobile Radio Channels

In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance for typical mobile radio channels is simulated and analyzed based on a tapped delay line model. The investigation is focused on the propagation environments determined by the average delay profile and the Doppler spectra. The profile characteristics and their influences on channel behavior are also examined.

Experimental Study of On-Body Radio Channel Performance of a Compact Ultra Wideband Antenna

In this paper, on-body radio channel performance of a compact ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated for body-centric wireless communications. Measurement campaigns were first done in the chamber and then repeated in an indoor environment for comparison. The path loss parameter for eight different on-body radio channels has been characterized and analyzed. In addition, the path loss was modeled as a function of distance for 34 different receiver locations for propagation along the front part of the body. Results and analysis show that, compared with anechoic chamber, a reduction of 16.34% path loss exponent is noticed in indoor environment. The antenna shows very good on-body radio channel performance and will be a suitable candidate for future efficient and reliable body-centric wireless communications.

基于Multi-Radio Multi-Channel传感器网络无冲突信道分配算法的研究

为降低通信冲突和信道干扰,对Mult-i Radio Mult-i Channel传感器网络无冲突信道进行研究,结果证实在网络通信半径大于3倍的网络最大功率通信半径的前提下,Sensor节点规模满足2倍网络功率级数加1的环境下,网络无冲突信道分配的信道数达到网络信道冲突图的最大值。文章通过对无冲突信道算法的运用,最终证实其可以有效地提高传感器网络的工作效率,大幅度提升网络的吞吐量。

Joint channel assignment and cross-layer routing protocol for multi-radio multi-channel Ad Hoc networks

To study multi-radio multi-channel （MR-MC） Ad Hoc networks based on 802.11, an efficient cross-layer routing protocol with the function of joint channel assignment, called joint channel assignment and cross-layer routing （JCACR）, is presented. Firstly, this paper introduces a new concept called channel utilization percentage （CUP）, which is for measuring the contention level of different channels in a node’s neighborhood, and deduces its optimal value for determining whether a channel is overloaded or not. Then, a metric parameter named channel selection metric （CSM） is designed, which actually reffects not only the channel status but also corresponding node’s capacity to seize it. JCACR evaluates channel assignment by CSM, performs a local optimization by assigning each node a channel with the smaller CSM value, and changes the working channel dynamically when the channel is overloaded. Therefore, the network load balancing can be achieved. In addition, simulation shows that, when compared with the protocol of weighted cumulative expected transfer time （WCETT）, the new protocol can improve the network throughput and reduce the end-to-end average delay with fewer overheads.

Semi-Blind Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation in Uplink Cloud Radio Access Networks

In this paper,a quasi-Newton method for semi-blind estimation is derived for channel estimation in uplink cloud radio access networks(C-RANs).Different from traditional pilot-aided estimation,semi-blind estimation utilizes the unknown data symbols in addition to the known pilot symbols to estimate the channel.An initial channel state information(CSI) obtained by least-squared(LS) estimation is needed in semi-blind estimation.BFGS(Brayben,Fletcher,Goldfarb and Shanno) algorithm,which employs data as well as pilot symbols,estimates the CSI though solving the problem provided by maximum-likelihood(ML) principle.In addition,mean-square-error(MSE) used to evaluate the estimation performance can be further minimized with an optimal pilot design.Simulation results show that the semi-blind estimation achieves a significant improvement in terms of MSE performance over the conventional LS estimation by utilizing data symbols instead of increasing the number of pilot symbols,which demonstrates the estimation accuracy and spectral efficiency are both improved by semiblind estimation for C-RANs.

Channel Estimation for Full-Duplex Relay Transmission in Cloud Radio Access Networks

Relay in full-duplex(FD) mode can achieve higher spectrum efficiency than that in half-duplex mode,while it is crucial to suppress relay self-interference to ensure transmission quality which requires instantaneous channel state information(CSI). In this paper,the channel estimation issue in FD amplify-andforward relay networks is considered,where the training-based estimation technique is adopted. Firstly,the least square(LS) estimation is implemented to obtain composite channel coefficients of source-relay-destination(SRD) channel and relay loop-interference(LI) channel in order to assist destination in performing data detection. Secondly,both LS and maximum likelihood estimation methods are utilized to perform individual channel estimation aiming at supporting successive interference cancelation at destination. Finally,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of both composite and individual channel estimation,and the presented ML method can achieve lower MSEs than LS solution.

Centralized Quasi-Static Channel Assignment for Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks

Employing multiple channels in wireless multihop networks is regarded as an effective approach to increas-ing network capacity. This paper presents a centralized quasi-static channel assignment for multi-radio multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). The proposed channel assignment can efficiently utilize multiple channels with only 2 radios equipped on each mesh router. In the scheme, the network end-to-end traffics are first modeled by probing data at wireless access points, and then the traffic load between each pair of neighboring routers is further estimated using an interference-aware estimation algorithm. Having knowledge of the expected link load, the scheme assigns channels to each radio with the objective of mini-mizing network interference, which as a result greatly improves network capacity. The performance evalua-tion shows that the proposed scheme is highly responsive to varying traffic conditions, and the network per-formance under the channel assignment significantly outperforms the single-radio IEEE 802.11 network as well as the 2-radio WMN with static 2 channels.

New approach for improving throughput in multi-channel packet radio systems

A new approach for improving the throughputs of multi- channel packet radio systems is proposed. Based on the charac- teristics of multi-code CDMA technology, the scheme factitiously improves the transmission bit rate of a terminal by compressing the packet transmission time and thereby increases the number of the orthogonal spreading codes used by the terminal. By this means, the average interference level of the system is reduced and the system capacity is improved. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits larger throughput compared with the traditional multi-code CDMA slotted Aloha systems.

A ROUTING PROTOCOL BASED ON INTERFERENCE-AWARE AND CHANNEL-LOAD IN MULTI-RADIO MULTI-CHANNEL AD HOC NETWORKS

Improving capacity and reducing delay are the most challenging topics in wireless ad hoc networks. Nodes that equip multiple radios working on different channels simultaneously permit ef-fective utility of frequency spectrum and can also reduce interference. In this paper, after analyzing several current protocols in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel (MR-MC) ad hoc networks, a new multi-channel routing metric called Integrative Route Metric (IRM) is designed. It takes channel load, inter-flow, and intra-flow interference into consideration. In addition, an MR-MC routing protocol based on Interference-Aware and Channel-Load (MR-IACL) is also presented. The MR-IACL can assign channels and routings for nodes according to channel load and interference degree of links, and optimize channel distribution dynamically to satisfy the features of topology changing and traffic frequent fluctuation during network running. The simulation results show that the new protocol outperforms others in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and network lifetime.

Power Control for Fading Channels in Cognitive Radio Networks with Outage-Probability Minimization

Cognitive radio allows Secondary Users(SUs) to dynamically use the spectrum resource licensed to Primary Users(PUs),and significantly improves the efficiency of spectrum utilization and is viewed as a promising technology.In cognitive radio networks,the problem of power control is an important issue.In this paper,we mainly focus on the problem of power control for fading channels in cognitive radio networks.The spectrum sharing underlay scenario is considered,where SUs are allowed to coexist with PUs on the condition that the outage probability of PUs is below the maximum outage probability threshold limitation due to the interference caused by SUs.Moreover,besides the outage probability threshold which is defined to protect the performance of PUs,we also consider the maximum transmit power constraints for each SU.With such a setup,we emphasize the problem of power control to minimize the outage probability of each SU in fading channels.Then,based on the statistical information of the fading channel,the closed expression for outage probability is given in fading channels.The Dual-Iteration Power Control(DIPC) algorithm is also proposed to minimize the outage probability based on Perron-Frobenius theory and gradient descent method under the constraint condition.Finally,simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.

Joint Design of Coalition Formation and Semi-Blind Channel Estimation in Fog Radio Access Networks

Coordinated signal processing can obtain a huge transmission gain for Fog Radio Access Networks(F-RANs).However,integrating into large scale,it will lead to high computation complexity in channel estimation and spectral efficiency loss in transmission performance.Thus,a joint cluster formation and channel estimation scheme is proposed in this paper.Considering research remote radio heads(RRHs)centred serving scheme,a coalition game is formulated in order to maximize the spectral efficiency of cooperative RRHs under the conditions of balancing the data rate and the cost of channel estimation.As the cost influences to the necessary consumption of training length and estimation error.Particularly,an iterative semi-blind channel estimation and symbol detection approach is designed by expectation maximization algorithm,where the channel estimation process is initialized by subspace method with lower pilot length.Finally,the simulation results show that a stable cluster formation is established by our proposed coalition game method and it outperforms compared with full coordinated schemes.

A New Fairness-Oriented Packet Scheduling Scheme with Reduced Channel Feedback for OFDMA Packet Radio Systems

In this paper, we propose a flexible and fairness-oriented packet scheduling approach for 3GPP UTRAN long term evolution (LTE) type packet radio systems, building on the ordinary proportional fair (PF) scheduling principle and channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback. Special emphasis is also put on practical feedback reporting mechanisms, including the effects of mobile measurement and estimation errors, reporting delays, and CQI quantization and compression. The performance of the overall scheduling and feedback re-porting process is investigated in details, in terms of cell throughput, coverage and resource allocation fairness, by using extensive quasistatic cellular system simulations in practical OFDMA system environment with frequency reuse of 1. The performance simulations show that by using the proposed modified PF ap-proach, significant coverage improvements in the order of 50% can be obtained at the expense of only 10-15% throughput loss, for all reduced feedback reporting schemes. This reflects highly improved fairness in the radio resource management (RRM) compared to other existing schedulers, without essentially com-promising the cell capacity. Furthermore, we demonstrate the improved functionality increase in radio re-source management for UE’s utilizing multi-antenna diversity receivers.

Linear MMSE Channel Estimation for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks

Channel estimation techniques applied to cognitive radio networks (CRN) are analyzed for simultaneously primary and secondary channel estimations operating in underlay cognitive radio networks (uCRN). A complete base-band transmission including pilot sequence transmission, channel matrix estimation and optimal precoder matrix generation based on imperfect channel estimation are described. Also, the effect of imperfect channel estimation has been studied to provide means of developing techniques to overcome problems while enhancing the MIMO communication performance.

A MULTI-RESOLUTION SPECTRUM SENSING (MRSS) SCHEME UNDER MEASUREMENT-BASED CHANNEL MODELS IN COGNITIVE RADIO

Spectrum sensing is one of the key technologies in Cognitive Radios(CRs).Previous works are accomplished under simple channel models,which may lead to unreliable results when it applied to the over-the-air systems.In this paper,we investigate the performance of a Multi-Resolution Spectrum Sensing(MRSS) algorithm under measurement-based channel models in China.MRSS is a wavelet based algorithm which is suitable for non-stationary,wideband signal analysis.Using statistical mod-eling,measurement-based channel models are presented under typical urban and suburban scenarios in Shanghai,China.Then,the performance of the MRSS algorithm is evaluated under the measure-ment-based channel models.Simulation results show that,using MRSS,the performance is always better in the scenarios where Line-Of-Sight(LOS) path exist;also,in LOS scenarios,rich scattering effect helps to increase the performance.

Joint channel allocation and power control with fairness in multi-hop cognitive radio networks

This paper investigates channel allocation and power control schemes in OFDM-based multi-hop cognitive radio networks.The color-sensitive graph coloring(CSGC) model is viewed as an efficient solution to the spectrum assignment problem.The model is extended to combine with the power control strategy to avoid interference among secondary users and adapt dynamic topology.The optimization problem is formulated encompassing the channel allocation and power control with the interference constrained below a tolerable limit.Meanwhile,the proposed resource allocation scheme takes the fairness of secondary users into account in obtaining the solution of optimization.Numerical results show that the proposed strategy outperforms the existing spectrum assignment algorithms on the performance of both the network throughput and minimum route bandwidth of all routes,as well as the number of connected multi-hop routes which implies the fairness among secondary users.

Performance of Analysis Cognitive Radio with Cooperative Sensing under Malicious Attacks over Nakagami Faded Channels

The different realistic propagation channels are faced frequently the multipath fading environments. The main goal of this system design (cognitive radio network) is to improve the efficiency of spectrum access on a non-interfering basis. This system achieves high utilization for the limited spectrum in order to fulfill needs for all users’ demands which are considered as a problem in wireless communications due to rapidly increasing in wireless applications and service. This system is exposed to attack due to the vulnerabilities existence in this system. So, the main outcome of this paper is to investigate the performance of the cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks under malicious attacks over different channel impairments, and to illustrate the most suitable individual probability of detection in real faded channel by using Nakagami model. This paper illustrates the effectiveness of the attacks and fading on the performance of spectrum sensing process.

基于分数阶傅里叶滤波的数字信道化储频

现代战场环境电磁日趋密集和复杂,各类信号相互混迭,同时各种相参雷达采用脉冲压缩技术以及相参处理方法,抗噪声和抗干扰能力大大增强,特别是采用线性调频(LFM)信号满足了雷达大威力、低截获的功能设计需求,抗干扰能力也得到提高。常规的数字储频(DRFM)采用宽带采集,在数字上对宽带信号进行调频、叠加等调制处理,在瞬时带宽内调制样式、参数是相同的,此处理方式导致瞬时带宽内多信号时,无法针对性施加不同的调制样式,以致干扰粗放、不够精确。为实现精确、有效的干扰相参脉冲压缩雷达,文中提出了采用频域子带处理与分数阶傅里叶滤波的数字信道化干扰设计,增强LFM信号去噪能力,通过DRFM技术形成假目标干扰信号,实施有效干扰。

基于GNU Radio和USRP的无线通信系统建模仿真

针对无线通信环境的复杂特性,为了实现无线通信系统快速准确的建模仿真,应用GNU Radio和USRP组成的软件无线电系统作为新的建模仿真方法。介绍并分析该方法的软件特性和硬件架构,进行MPSK调制系统在仿真信道和实际信道下链路模型的误码率对比实验,并在包含实际无线信道的链路模型基础上,设计并实现了一套无线视频流传输原型系统。分析和实验结果表明,新方法能够快速实现无线通信系统原型,将实际无线信道纳入系统模型中,从而获得更准确的仿真和分析结果。该方法适用于对通信协议标准及系统有定制化需求、针对传输环境复杂的无线通信系统研究开发。

智能反射面辅助的多入单出共生无线电鲁棒安全资源分配算法

针对信道不确定性影响、无线信息泄露和障碍物阻挡导致通信质量下降等问题,该文提出一种基于智能反射面(RIS)辅助的多输入单输出(MISO)共生无线电(SR)鲁棒安全资源分配算法。考虑主用户的安全速率约束、次用户的最小速率约束、RIS最小能量收集约束,基于有界信道不确定性,建立了一个联合主被动波束赋形优化的资源分配问题。利用半正定松弛、S-procedure和变量替换法将含参数摄动的非凸问题转化为确定性的凸优化问题,并提出一种基于半正定松弛的鲁棒资源分配算法。仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,该文算法具有较好的收敛性和鲁棒性。