Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,over 103214008 cases have been reported,with more than 2231158 deaths as of January 31,2021.Although the gold standard for diagnosis of this disease...Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,over 103214008 cases have been reported,with more than 2231158 deaths as of January 31,2021.Although the gold standard for diagnosis of this disease remains the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs,its false-negative rates have ignited the use of medical imaging as an important adjunct or alternative.Medical imaging assists in identifying the pathogenesis,the degree of pulmonary damage,and the characteristic features in each imaging modality.This literature review collates the characteristic radiographic findings of COVID-19 in various imaging modalities while keeping the preliminary focus on chest radiography,computed tomography(CT),and ultrasound scans.Given the higher sensitivity and greater proficiency in detecting characteristic findings during the early stages,CT scans are more reliable in diagnosis and serve as a practical method in following up the disease time course.As research rapidly expands,we have emphasized the CO-RADS classification system as a tool to aid in communicating the likelihood of COVID-19 suspicion among healthcare workers.Additionally,the utilization of other scoring systems such as MuLBSTA,Radiological Assessment of Lung Edema,and Brixia in this pandemic are reviewed as they integrate the radiographic findings into an objective scoring system to risk stratify the patients and predict the severity of disease.Furthermore,current progress in the utilization of artificial intelligence via radiomics is evaluated.Lastly,the lesson from the first wave and preparation for the second wave from the point of view of radiology are summarized.展开更多
Understanding a process from shallow to deep is necessary for controlling and even curing diseases.The history of diagnosis and treatment of brainstem gliomas vividly reflects this process.The development of neuroimag...Understanding a process from shallow to deep is necessary for controlling and even curing diseases.The history of diagnosis and treatment of brainstem gliomas vividly reflects this process.The development of neuroimaging plays a great role in tumor treatment at different periods, including the period when brainstem gliomas were regarded as an homogenous incurable disease, and currently it is considered as an entity with high heterogeneity.Presently, it is not enough to just rely on the conventional neuroimaging techniques to determine the anatomic location of a tumor and its relationship with normal tissues.The development of molecular genetics and molecular imaging further promotes the progress of individualized and precision diagnosis and treatment in brainstem gliomas.In this paper, we summarize the evolution of brainstem glioma radiological classification mainly focusing on the aspects of imaging and surgical treatment.In the meanwhile, we reviewed the recent progresses in the fields of molecular genetics and molecular imaging.展开更多
文摘Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,over 103214008 cases have been reported,with more than 2231158 deaths as of January 31,2021.Although the gold standard for diagnosis of this disease remains the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs,its false-negative rates have ignited the use of medical imaging as an important adjunct or alternative.Medical imaging assists in identifying the pathogenesis,the degree of pulmonary damage,and the characteristic features in each imaging modality.This literature review collates the characteristic radiographic findings of COVID-19 in various imaging modalities while keeping the preliminary focus on chest radiography,computed tomography(CT),and ultrasound scans.Given the higher sensitivity and greater proficiency in detecting characteristic findings during the early stages,CT scans are more reliable in diagnosis and serve as a practical method in following up the disease time course.As research rapidly expands,we have emphasized the CO-RADS classification system as a tool to aid in communicating the likelihood of COVID-19 suspicion among healthcare workers.Additionally,the utilization of other scoring systems such as MuLBSTA,Radiological Assessment of Lung Edema,and Brixia in this pandemic are reviewed as they integrate the radiographic findings into an objective scoring system to risk stratify the patients and predict the severity of disease.Furthermore,current progress in the utilization of artificial intelligence via radiomics is evaluated.Lastly,the lesson from the first wave and preparation for the second wave from the point of view of radiology are summarized.
文摘Understanding a process from shallow to deep is necessary for controlling and even curing diseases.The history of diagnosis and treatment of brainstem gliomas vividly reflects this process.The development of neuroimaging plays a great role in tumor treatment at different periods, including the period when brainstem gliomas were regarded as an homogenous incurable disease, and currently it is considered as an entity with high heterogeneity.Presently, it is not enough to just rely on the conventional neuroimaging techniques to determine the anatomic location of a tumor and its relationship with normal tissues.The development of molecular genetics and molecular imaging further promotes the progress of individualized and precision diagnosis and treatment in brainstem gliomas.In this paper, we summarize the evolution of brainstem glioma radiological classification mainly focusing on the aspects of imaging and surgical treatment.In the meanwhile, we reviewed the recent progresses in the fields of molecular genetics and molecular imaging.
