The effects of the micro-ramps on supersonic turbulent flow over a forward-facing step（FFS） was experimentally investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scatt...The effects of the micro-ramps on supersonic turbulent flow over a forward-facing step（FFS） was experimentally investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering（NPLS）and particle image velocimetry（PIV） techniques. High spatiotemporal resolution images and velocity fields of supersonic flow over the testing model were captured. The fine structures and their spatial evolutionary characteristics without and with the micro-ramps were revealed and compared. The large-scale structures generated by the micro-ramps can survive the downstream FFS flowfield. The micro-ramps control on the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness was investigated by PIV results. With the micro-ramps, the reduction in the range of the reversal flow zone in streamwise direction is 50% and the turbulence intensity is also reduced. Moreover, the reduction in the average separated region and in separation shock unsteadiness are 47% and 26%, respectively. The results indicate that the micro-ramps are effective in reducing the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness.展开更多
The concept of control system of acceptable gap in the entrance ramp, the construction of the minimum acceptable gap and the method of determining it are introduced. On the above-mentioned basis and by taking the Chin...The concept of control system of acceptable gap in the entrance ramp, the construction of the minimum acceptable gap and the method of determining it are introduced. On the above-mentioned basis and by taking the Chinas reality into consideration, the issues on the design of control system of acceptable gap are approached in this paper.展开更多
An iterative learning control scheme is developed to the traffic densitycontrol in a macroscopic level freeway environment. With rigorous analysis, the proposed intelligentcontrol scheme guarantees the asymptotic conv...An iterative learning control scheme is developed to the traffic densitycontrol in a macroscopic level freeway environment. With rigorous analysis, the proposed intelligentcontrol scheme guarantees the asymptotic convergence of the traffic density to the desired one. Thecontrol scheme is applied to a freeway model, and simulation results confirm the efficacy of theproposed approach.展开更多
The traffic performance of urban expressway is subject to non-recurring and recurring events, which may cause heavy congestion and vehicles long queuing on ramps. The low performance may bring more traffic delay to th...The traffic performance of urban expressway is subject to non-recurring and recurring events, which may cause heavy congestion and vehicles long queuing on ramps. The low performance may bring more traffic delay to the whole network of urban road. This paper presents a new method, the joint control of variable speed control and on-ramp metering, which attempts to improve the level of traffic operations on urban expressway. By analyzing traffic flow on urban expressway, an optimum control strategy of variable speed and on-ramp metering is established in the paper.展开更多
城市快速路的交通运行效率对于整个城市的顺畅通行至关重要,在早晚高峰期间,受限于相连接辅路的交通承载能力,快速路上较大的交通流量无法顺利从出口匝道驶入目标路段,在匝道上形成排队现象,严重时会导致匝道回溢,使快速路上车道由于被...城市快速路的交通运行效率对于整个城市的顺畅通行至关重要,在早晚高峰期间,受限于相连接辅路的交通承载能力,快速路上较大的交通流量无法顺利从出口匝道驶入目标路段,在匝道上形成排队现象,严重时会导致匝道回溢,使快速路上车道由于被占用而产生交通瓶颈,造成较大的交通出行损失.利用深度强化学习算法进行出口匝道相关联的道路交叉口信号控制优化,将信号灯设为智能体,通过设置检测器,将快速路出口匝道及交叉口的交通运行情况作为智能体获取的状态信息,引入以辅路与出口匝道剩余通行能力之比为动态修正参数的奖励函数,在保证匝道交通运行效率下,完成交叉口信号优化过程.以中国北京市东三环快速路及某关联交叉口为例,借助交通仿真平台SUMO(simulation of urban mobility)及Traci库搭建仿真环境进行实验.结果表明,基于改进A2C(advantage actor critic)算法的信号控制方法在控制效果上优于传统信号控制以及基于深度Q网络(deep Q-network,DQN)算法的信号控制方法,在出行高峰期间能够有效降低匝道回溢的发生概率,有效改善辅道相联交叉口的通行效率.展开更多
The low level radio frequency(LLRF) system for booster accelerator at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) was upgraded by a digital controller based on field programmable gate array(FPGA) technology.Paramete...The low level radio frequency(LLRF) system for booster accelerator at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) was upgraded by a digital controller based on field programmable gate array(FPGA) technology.Parameters of voltage, frequency and field flatness in the two 5-cell cavities are controlled to meet the requirements of booster. In this article, the ramping curve of cavity voltage, amplitude and phase control loop with vector sum of the two 5-cell cavities, tuning loop and field flatness loop are analyzed and discussed in detail.A different method in tuning loop is adopted due to the limitations of ADC channels. The function realizes energy ramping of electron beam from 150 Me V to 3.5 Ge V with a repetition rate of 2 Hz. With the new LLRF controller, the phase stability at ramping mode in 10 hours long operation is improved from ±1.5°(RMS) with open loop to ±0.15°(RMS) with close loop, while the detuning phase and field flatness are maintained to within ±2°and ±1%, respectively.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11172326 and 11502280)
文摘The effects of the micro-ramps on supersonic turbulent flow over a forward-facing step（FFS） was experimentally investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering（NPLS）and particle image velocimetry（PIV） techniques. High spatiotemporal resolution images and velocity fields of supersonic flow over the testing model were captured. The fine structures and their spatial evolutionary characteristics without and with the micro-ramps were revealed and compared. The large-scale structures generated by the micro-ramps can survive the downstream FFS flowfield. The micro-ramps control on the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness was investigated by PIV results. With the micro-ramps, the reduction in the range of the reversal flow zone in streamwise direction is 50% and the turbulence intensity is also reduced. Moreover, the reduction in the average separated region and in separation shock unsteadiness are 47% and 26%, respectively. The results indicate that the micro-ramps are effective in reducing the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness.
文摘The concept of control system of acceptable gap in the entrance ramp, the construction of the minimum acceptable gap and the method of determining it are introduced. On the above-mentioned basis and by taking the Chinas reality into consideration, the issues on the design of control system of acceptable gap are approached in this paper.
文摘An iterative learning control scheme is developed to the traffic densitycontrol in a macroscopic level freeway environment. With rigorous analysis, the proposed intelligentcontrol scheme guarantees the asymptotic convergence of the traffic density to the desired one. Thecontrol scheme is applied to a freeway model, and simulation results confirm the efficacy of theproposed approach.
文摘The traffic performance of urban expressway is subject to non-recurring and recurring events, which may cause heavy congestion and vehicles long queuing on ramps. The low performance may bring more traffic delay to the whole network of urban road. This paper presents a new method, the joint control of variable speed control and on-ramp metering, which attempts to improve the level of traffic operations on urban expressway. By analyzing traffic flow on urban expressway, an optimum control strategy of variable speed and on-ramp metering is established in the paper.
文摘城市快速路的交通运行效率对于整个城市的顺畅通行至关重要,在早晚高峰期间,受限于相连接辅路的交通承载能力,快速路上较大的交通流量无法顺利从出口匝道驶入目标路段,在匝道上形成排队现象,严重时会导致匝道回溢,使快速路上车道由于被占用而产生交通瓶颈,造成较大的交通出行损失.利用深度强化学习算法进行出口匝道相关联的道路交叉口信号控制优化,将信号灯设为智能体,通过设置检测器,将快速路出口匝道及交叉口的交通运行情况作为智能体获取的状态信息,引入以辅路与出口匝道剩余通行能力之比为动态修正参数的奖励函数,在保证匝道交通运行效率下,完成交叉口信号优化过程.以中国北京市东三环快速路及某关联交叉口为例,借助交通仿真平台SUMO(simulation of urban mobility)及Traci库搭建仿真环境进行实验.结果表明,基于改进A2C(advantage actor critic)算法的信号控制方法在控制效果上优于传统信号控制以及基于深度Q网络(deep Q-network,DQN)算法的信号控制方法,在出行高峰期间能够有效降低匝道回溢的发生概率,有效改善辅道相联交叉口的通行效率.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11335014)
文摘The low level radio frequency(LLRF) system for booster accelerator at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) was upgraded by a digital controller based on field programmable gate array(FPGA) technology.Parameters of voltage, frequency and field flatness in the two 5-cell cavities are controlled to meet the requirements of booster. In this article, the ramping curve of cavity voltage, amplitude and phase control loop with vector sum of the two 5-cell cavities, tuning loop and field flatness loop are analyzed and discussed in detail.A different method in tuning loop is adopted due to the limitations of ADC channels. The function realizes energy ramping of electron beam from 150 Me V to 3.5 Ge V with a repetition rate of 2 Hz. With the new LLRF controller, the phase stability at ramping mode in 10 hours long operation is improved from ±1.5°(RMS) with open loop to ±0.15°(RMS) with close loop, while the detuning phase and field flatness are maintained to within ±2°and ±1%, respectively.
