Objective:To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods: Elderly individuals from seven regions in China...Objective:To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods: Elderly individuals from seven regions in China were selected as samples in this study using a multistage cluster random sampling method.The basic information questionnaire and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(Elderly Edition)were used.Descriptive statistical analysis,chi-squared tests,and binary logistic regression analysis were used.Results: The single balanced constitution(BC)accounted for 23.9%.The results of the major TCM constitution types showed that BC(43.2%)accounted for the largest proportion and unbalanced constitutions ranged from 0.9%to 15.7%.East China region(odds ratio[OR]=2.097;95%confidence interval[CI],1.912 to 2.301),married status(OR=1.341;95%CI,1.235 to 1.457),and managers(OR=1.254;95%CI,1.044 to 1.505)were significantly associated with BC.Age>70 years was associated with qi-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(BSC).Female sex was significantly associated with yang-deficiency constitution(OR=1.646;95%CI,1.52 to 1.782).Southwest region was significantly associated with phlegm-dampness constitution(OR=1.809;95%CI,1.569 to 2.086).North China region was significantly associated with inherited special constitution(OR=2.521;95%CI,1.569 to 4.05).South China region(OR=2.741;95%CI,1.997 to 1.3.763),Central China region(OR=8.889;95%CI,6.676 to 11.835),senior middle school education(OR=2.442;95%CI,1.932 to 3.088),and managers(OR=1.804;95%CI,1.21 to 2.69)were significantly associated with BSC.Conclusions: This study defined the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of TCM constitution in the elderly population.Adjusting and improving unbalanced constitutions,which are correlated with diseases,can help promote healthy aging through the scientific management of these demographic factors.展开更多
Objective: To examine the resurgence rate, house density index(HDI) and parous rate of the Aedes aegypti vector after space spraying carried out by the routine spraying team,and compare with the rates after standard i...Objective: To examine the resurgence rate, house density index(HDI) and parous rate of the Aedes aegypti vector after space spraying carried out by the routine spraying team,and compare with the rates after standard indoor ultra low volume(SID-ULV) spraying carried out by the trained research spraying team.Methods: Between March and September 2014, a cluster randomized controlled trial including 12 clusters(6 regular ULV, 6 SID-ULV) with totally 4 341 households was conducted, and around 20–31 houses in each cluster were selected for assessment. The parous rate and HDI of collected mosquitoes 2 days before and 1, 2 and 6 days after spraying were obtained and compared.Results: The HDI dropped significantly from the baseline 1 and 2 days after spraying to a non-zero value in the SID-ULV treated locations but not in the regular ULV group locations. However, by 6 days after spraying, the HDI of both groups had returned to the base value measured 2 days before spraying. There were no statistically significant differences in the parous rate between groups.Conclusions: SID-ULV is more effective in reducing Aedes aegypti populations.However, rapid resurgence of dengue vector after spraying in urban areas was observed in both groups.展开更多
By means of the series method, we obtain the exact analytical solution of clustering coefficient in random Apollonian networks [Phys. Rev. E 71 （2005）046141]. Our exact analytical result is identical with the simula...By means of the series method, we obtain the exact analytical solution of clustering coefficient in random Apollonian networks [Phys. Rev. E 71 （2005）046141]. Our exact analytical result is identical with the simulation, whereas in the original work, there is a deviation of about 4% between their approximate analytical result and the simulation.展开更多
A substantial body of work has been done to identify network anomalies using supervised and unsupervised learning techniques with their unique strengths and weaknesses.In this work,we propose a new approach that takes...A substantial body of work has been done to identify network anomalies using supervised and unsupervised learning techniques with their unique strengths and weaknesses.In this work,we propose a new approach that takes advantage of both worlds of unsupervised and supervised learnings.The main objective of the proposed approach is to enable supervised anomaly detection without the provision of the associated labels by users.To this end,we estimate the labels of each connection in the training phase using clustering.The“estimated”labels are then utilized to establish a supervised learning model for the subsequent classification of connections in the testing stage.We set up a new property that defines anomalies in the context of network anomaly detection to improve the quality of estimated labels.Through our extensive experiments with a public dataset(NSL-KDD),we will prove that the proposed method can achieve performance comparable to one with the “original”labels provided in the dataset.We also introduce two heuristic functions that minimize the impact of the randomness of clustering to improve the overall quality of the estimated labels.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to compare sample quality across two probability samples and one that uses probabilistic cluster sampling combined with random route and quota sampling within the selected clusters in order to...The aim of this paper is to compare sample quality across two probability samples and one that uses probabilistic cluster sampling combined with random route and quota sampling within the selected clusters in order to define the ultimate survey units. All of them use the face-to-face interview as the survey procedure. The hypothesis to be tested is that it is possible to achieve the same degree of representativeness using a combination of random route sampling and quota sampling (with substitution) as it can be achieved by means of household sampling (without substitution) based on the municipal register of inhabitants. We have found such marked differences in the age and gender distribution of the probability sampling, where the deviations exceed 6%. A different picture emerges when it comes to comparing the employment variables, where the quota sampling overestimates the economic activity rate (2.5%) and the unemployment rate (8%) and underestimates the employment rate (3.46%).展开更多
Let Ld=(Zd, Ed) be the d-dimensional lattice, suppose that each edge of Ld be oriented in a random direction, i.e., each edge being independently oriented positive direction along the coordinate axises with probabilit...Let Ld=(Zd, Ed) be the d-dimensional lattice, suppose that each edge of Ld be oriented in a random direction, i.e., each edge being independently oriented positive direction along the coordinate axises with probability p and negative direction otherwise. Let Pp be the percolation measure, η(p) be the probability that there exists an infinite oriented path from the origin. This paper first proves η(p) θ(p) for d 2 and 1/2 p 1, where θ(p) is the percolation probability of bond model; then, as corollaries, the author gets η(1/2) = 0 for d = 2 and dc(1/2) = 2, where dc(1/2) = sup{d: η(1/2) = 0}. Next, based on BK Inequality for arbitrary events in percolation (see[2]), two inequalities are proved, which can be used as FKG Inequality in many cases (note that FKG Inequality is absent for Random-Oriented model). Finally, the author proves the uniqueness of infinite cluster and a theorem on geometry of the infinite cluster (similar to theorem (6.127) in [1] for bond percolation).展开更多
在一些现实场景中,数据不平衡问题普遍存在,严重影响模型的预测结果。合成少数类过采样技术(Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique,SMOTE)是解决非平衡分类问题的一种方法,但存在局限性。针对数据中的类不平衡问题,提出基于数据...在一些现实场景中,数据不平衡问题普遍存在,严重影响模型的预测结果。合成少数类过采样技术(Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique,SMOTE)是解决非平衡分类问题的一种方法,但存在局限性。针对数据中的类不平衡问题,提出基于数据分布和聚类加权的改进SMOTE随机森林分类算法(Random Forest Using SMOTE Based on Data Distribution and Cluster Weighting,DCSMOTE-RF)。该算法通过获取样本分布信息,将少数类样本划分到不同簇群,根据簇群信息量为每个区域分配不同合成份额;少数类样本结合自身权重,生成相应规模的目标样本;通过基于随机森林学习评价训练数据。10组非平衡数据集仿真试验结果表明,DCSMOTE-RF算法对非平衡数据具有较好的预测效果。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2003102).
文摘Objective:To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods: Elderly individuals from seven regions in China were selected as samples in this study using a multistage cluster random sampling method.The basic information questionnaire and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(Elderly Edition)were used.Descriptive statistical analysis,chi-squared tests,and binary logistic regression analysis were used.Results: The single balanced constitution(BC)accounted for 23.9%.The results of the major TCM constitution types showed that BC(43.2%)accounted for the largest proportion and unbalanced constitutions ranged from 0.9%to 15.7%.East China region(odds ratio[OR]=2.097;95%confidence interval[CI],1.912 to 2.301),married status(OR=1.341;95%CI,1.235 to 1.457),and managers(OR=1.254;95%CI,1.044 to 1.505)were significantly associated with BC.Age>70 years was associated with qi-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(BSC).Female sex was significantly associated with yang-deficiency constitution(OR=1.646;95%CI,1.52 to 1.782).Southwest region was significantly associated with phlegm-dampness constitution(OR=1.809;95%CI,1.569 to 2.086).North China region was significantly associated with inherited special constitution(OR=2.521;95%CI,1.569 to 4.05).South China region(OR=2.741;95%CI,1.997 to 1.3.763),Central China region(OR=8.889;95%CI,6.676 to 11.835),senior middle school education(OR=2.442;95%CI,1.932 to 3.088),and managers(OR=1.804;95%CI,1.21 to 2.69)were significantly associated with BSC.Conclusions: This study defined the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of TCM constitution in the elderly population.Adjusting and improving unbalanced constitutions,which are correlated with diseases,can help promote healthy aging through the scientific management of these demographic factors.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Development Agency,Thailand(Research Chair Grant NO.P-10-10307)
文摘Objective: To examine the resurgence rate, house density index(HDI) and parous rate of the Aedes aegypti vector after space spraying carried out by the routine spraying team,and compare with the rates after standard indoor ultra low volume(SID-ULV) spraying carried out by the trained research spraying team.Methods: Between March and September 2014, a cluster randomized controlled trial including 12 clusters(6 regular ULV, 6 SID-ULV) with totally 4 341 households was conducted, and around 20–31 houses in each cluster were selected for assessment. The parous rate and HDI of collected mosquitoes 2 days before and 1, 2 and 6 days after spraying were obtained and compared.Results: The HDI dropped significantly from the baseline 1 and 2 days after spraying to a non-zero value in the SID-ULV treated locations but not in the regular ULV group locations. However, by 6 days after spraying, the HDI of both groups had returned to the base value measured 2 days before spraying. There were no statistically significant differences in the parous rate between groups.Conclusions: SID-ULV is more effective in reducing Aedes aegypti populations.However, rapid resurgence of dengue vector after spraying in urban areas was observed in both groups.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10675048the Research Foundation of Education Department of Hubei Province under Grant No Q20121512the Natural Science Foundation of Navy University of Engineering under Grant No 201200000033
文摘By means of the series method, we obtain the exact analytical solution of clustering coefficient in random Apollonian networks [Phys. Rev. E 71 （2005）046141]. Our exact analytical result is identical with the simulation, whereas in the original work, there is a deviation of about 4% between their approximate analytical result and the simulation.
基金This work was supported in part by Institute of Information and Communications Technology Promotion(ITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(No.2016-0-00078,Cloud-based Security In-telligence Technology Development for the Customized Security Service Provisioning)。
文摘A substantial body of work has been done to identify network anomalies using supervised and unsupervised learning techniques with their unique strengths and weaknesses.In this work,we propose a new approach that takes advantage of both worlds of unsupervised and supervised learnings.The main objective of the proposed approach is to enable supervised anomaly detection without the provision of the associated labels by users.To this end,we estimate the labels of each connection in the training phase using clustering.The“estimated”labels are then utilized to establish a supervised learning model for the subsequent classification of connections in the testing stage.We set up a new property that defines anomalies in the context of network anomaly detection to improve the quality of estimated labels.Through our extensive experiments with a public dataset(NSL-KDD),we will prove that the proposed method can achieve performance comparable to one with the “original”labels provided in the dataset.We also introduce two heuristic functions that minimize the impact of the randomness of clustering to improve the overall quality of the estimated labels.
文摘The aim of this paper is to compare sample quality across two probability samples and one that uses probabilistic cluster sampling combined with random route and quota sampling within the selected clusters in order to define the ultimate survey units. All of them use the face-to-face interview as the survey procedure. The hypothesis to be tested is that it is possible to achieve the same degree of representativeness using a combination of random route sampling and quota sampling (with substitution) as it can be achieved by means of household sampling (without substitution) based on the municipal register of inhabitants. We have found such marked differences in the age and gender distribution of the probability sampling, where the deviations exceed 6%. A different picture emerges when it comes to comparing the employment variables, where the quota sampling overestimates the economic activity rate (2.5%) and the unemployment rate (8%) and underestimates the employment rate (3.46%).
基金Research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (1977100819571011)Doctoral Programm Fundation of Ins
文摘Let Ld=(Zd, Ed) be the d-dimensional lattice, suppose that each edge of Ld be oriented in a random direction, i.e., each edge being independently oriented positive direction along the coordinate axises with probability p and negative direction otherwise. Let Pp be the percolation measure, η(p) be the probability that there exists an infinite oriented path from the origin. This paper first proves η(p) θ(p) for d 2 and 1/2 p 1, where θ(p) is the percolation probability of bond model; then, as corollaries, the author gets η(1/2) = 0 for d = 2 and dc(1/2) = 2, where dc(1/2) = sup{d: η(1/2) = 0}. Next, based on BK Inequality for arbitrary events in percolation (see[2]), two inequalities are proved, which can be used as FKG Inequality in many cases (note that FKG Inequality is absent for Random-Oriented model). Finally, the author proves the uniqueness of infinite cluster and a theorem on geometry of the infinite cluster (similar to theorem (6.127) in [1] for bond percolation).
文摘在一些现实场景中,数据不平衡问题普遍存在,严重影响模型的预测结果。合成少数类过采样技术(Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique,SMOTE)是解决非平衡分类问题的一种方法,但存在局限性。针对数据中的类不平衡问题,提出基于数据分布和聚类加权的改进SMOTE随机森林分类算法(Random Forest Using SMOTE Based on Data Distribution and Cluster Weighting,DCSMOTE-RF)。该算法通过获取样本分布信息,将少数类样本划分到不同簇群,根据簇群信息量为每个区域分配不同合成份额;少数类样本结合自身权重,生成相应规模的目标样本;通过基于随机森林学习评价训练数据。10组非平衡数据集仿真试验结果表明,DCSMOTE-RF算法对非平衡数据具有较好的预测效果。
