OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路在脓毒症相关急性肾损伤小鼠中的研究

目的:探讨骨保护素(OPG)/核因子⁃κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)/核因子⁃κB受体激活因子(RANK)信号通路因子在脓毒症相关急性肾损伤(SA⁃AKI)小鼠中的改变及可能的作用,为SA⁃AKI的机制研究探索新的思路。方法:通过盲肠结扎穿孔手术(CLP)建立SA⁃AKI模型组(CLP组),对照组为假手术组(Sham组),只行开腹不做盲肠结扎穿孔操作。术后24 h采血并处死留取小鼠肾脏组织,用试剂盒检测血清Scr、BUN水平,酶联免疫测定法(ELISA)检验血清中IL⁃6、TNF⁃α、IL⁃1β水平,苏木精⁃伊红染色(HE)观测肾组织病理学变化,聚合酶链反应(RT⁃qPCR)和蛋白质印迹实验(Western blotting)检验小鼠肾组织中OPG、RANKL、RANK的mRNA和蛋白水平。结果:与Sham组对比,CLP组Scr、BUN、IL⁃6、TNF⁃α、IL⁃1β水平显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与Sham组对比,CLP组肾小球充血水肿,部分缺血皱缩,球囊间隙扩大,部分肾小管中可见坏死的上皮细胞,管腔扩大,肾间质水肿,少量炎性细胞浸润;与Sham组相比较,CLP组肾组织中OPG和RANK的mRNA表达显著上调,而RANKL的mRNA表达明显下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与Sham组相比较,CLP组肾脏组织中OPG及RANK的蛋白表达均升高,而RANKL的蛋白表达明显下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在脓毒症的小鼠模型中OPG及RANK表达升高,RANKL表达下降,表明OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路可能参与了SA⁃AKI的病理生理过程。

膝关节置换术后患者血清RANKL、sVCAM-1、ESR表达水平及其与预后的相关性

目的 探讨膝关节置换术后患者血清核因子-κB受体活化因子配基(RANKL)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)的表达意义及其与预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年9月安阳市人民医院收治的118例膝关节置换手术患者的临床资料,根据术后6个月Lysholm评分将患者分为预后不良组(总分<70分,27例)和预后良好组(总分≥70分,91例)。比较两组术后1、3个月血清RANKL、sVCAM-1、ESR表达水平,分析其与Lysholm评分的相关性,评估上述血清学指标联合检测对患者术后预后不良的预测价值。结果 术后1、3个月预后不良组血清RANKL、sVCAM-1、ESR水平高于预后良好组(P <0.05),术后1、3个月血清RANKL、sVCAM-1、ESR水平与Lysholm评分呈负相关(P <0.05),联合预测患者术后预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)优于各血清指标单独预测(P <0.05)。结论 血清RANKL、sVCAM-1、ESR水平升高可提示膝关节置换术患者预后不良风险的增加,联合检测可作为预测预后不良、判断病情转归的参考依据。

脱氢胆酸调控OPG/RANK和TRAF3抑制破骨细胞分化

目的探讨脱氢胆酸(dehydrocholic acid,DHCA)对破骨细胞(osteoclasts,OCs)分化及功能的影响。方法采用粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)-ligand,RANKL)诱导成熟骨髓来源的巨噬细胞分化为OCs。通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP/ACP5)染色,确定DHCA抑制OCs形成的最佳浓度。qRT-PCR检测OCs分化和功能相关基因TRAP/ACP5、组织蛋白酶K(cathepsin K,CTSK)和基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP9)的基因表达。Western blot检测OCs中TNF受体相关因子3(TNF receptor-associated factor 3,TRAF3)、NF-κB受体活化因子(receptor activator of NF-κB,RANK)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)的蛋白水平。结果DHCA浓度为200μmol/L是抑制OCs形成的最佳剂量(P<0.01)。DHCA抑制OCs分化和功能相关基因ACP5、CTSK和MMP9的表达(P<0.01)。DHCA通过下调RANK蛋白和增加TRAF3和OPG蛋白的表达来抑制OCs的分化(P<0.01)。结论DHCA通过调控OPG/RANK和TRAF3抑制OCs分化,这可能是一种有效的骨质疏松前体药物。

基于RANKL/RANK/OPG信号轴探讨骨痹通消颗粒对激素性股骨头坏死模型小鼠的治疗作用

目的观察骨痹通消颗粒对激素性股骨头坏死模型小鼠的治疗作用,并从核因子-κB受体活化因子配体/核因子-κB受体活化因子/骨保护素(RANKL/RANK/OPG)信号轴探讨其作用机制。方法采取腹腔注射脂多糖和臀肌注射醋酸泼尼松龙复制激素性股骨头缺血坏死(SONFH)动物模型,经核磁共振鉴定后,将模型复制成功的60只小鼠分成模型(MC)组、骨痹通消颗粒(GBTX)组及通络生骨胶囊(PC)组,每组20只,另设12只正常小鼠作为空白对照(NC)组。分别予以对应组灌胃相应药物12周后麻醉状态下取材,观察各组小鼠治疗前后的一般行为;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组小鼠的骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)和I型氨基端延长肽(PINP)含量;Western blotting和实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-qPCR)检测各组RANK、RANKL、OPG、磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶Cγ2(PLCγ2)、组织蛋白酶K(CTSK)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)的蛋白和基因表达。结果核磁共振显示,模型复制成功后的小鼠左侧髋部呈高信号状态。与NC组比较,MC组BALP、PINP水平,以及OPG蛋白和基因相对表达量均降低(P<0.05),RANK、RANKL、PLCγ2、CTSK、TRAP蛋白和基因相对表达量均升高(P<0.05);与MC组比较,GBTX组和PC组BALP、PINP水平,以及OPG蛋白和基因相对表达量均升高(P<0.05),RANK、RANKL、PLCγ2、CTSK、TRAP蛋白和基因相对表达量均下降(P<0.05);与GBTX组比较,PC组OPG、RANK、RANKL、CTSK、TRAP蛋白和基因相对表达量,以及PLCγ2蛋白相对表达量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而PC组PLCγ2基因相对表达量较GBTX组下降(P<0.05)。结论骨痹通消颗粒可能通过上调OPG表达,抑制RANK、RANKL、PLCγ2、CTSK和TRAP表达,从而改善股骨头坏死情况。

miR-34a-5p、OPG、RANK、RANKL在肌少-骨质疏松症患者中的作用机制研究

探究miR-34a-5p和OPG/RANK/RANKL在肌少症及骨质疏松中的作用与机制。方法 选取80名患者分为2组,实验组44人肌少-骨质疏松症患者,对照组36人为仅患有骨质疏松症患者。检测血清OPG、RANK、RANKL表达及miR-34a基因含量,采用Excel 2019和SPSS 25.0软件进行数据整理和统计学分析。结果 (1)80名患者中,男性30名,女性50名,性别x2=1.458,年龄年龄x2=-1.225,骨质疏松分为骨质疏松和严重骨质疏松症,骨质疏松症患者p<0.05。(2)实验组和对照组中miR-34a均表达上调,但差异无统计学意义。(3)实验组中miR-34a与OPG、RANK、RANKL表达均有差异,与OPG成正相关,与RANKL成负相关。(4)对照组中miR-34a与OPG、RANK、RANKL表达均有差异,与OPG成正相关,与RANKL成负相关。(5)OPG在对照组中表达上调,RANKL在实验组中表达增加,RANK在两组中表达有差异。结论 (1)miR-34a可能不占主导地位,不能影响肌少症发生,但可通过OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路影响骨质疏松症。(2)OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路参与调节骨质疏松症及肌少症罹患过程。

Er,Cr:YSGG激光治疗对高糖环境下微螺钉周围炎症及对RANK/RANKL信号通路的影响

目的:探讨铒铬铱钪镓石榴石(Er,Cr:YSGG)激光治疗对高糖环境下微螺钉周围炎症治疗的疗效,并分析与RANK/RANKL信号通路的关系。方法:20只正常健康雄性新西兰兔随机分为A组(微螺钉周健康组)、B组(微螺钉周围炎症组)、C组(微螺钉周围炎症激光治疗组),皮下注射2%四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病模型,下颌双侧无牙区植入微螺钉种植体,3个月后,A组进行菌斑控制,B组、C组用丝线拴结于微螺钉种植体颈部基台处引入炎症,C组予以Er,Cr:YSGG激光治疗。记录菌斑指数、探诊深度、牙龈指数和龈沟液量;ELISA检测龈沟液炎性细胞白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平;CBCT检查微螺钉种植体周围炎周围骨吸收状态;Western blot检测牙龈组织中核因子κB(NF-κB)/NF-κB受体性活化因子(RANK)/NF-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)通路相关蛋白表达。结果:CBCT检查显示与A组比较,B组微螺钉种植体周围牙槽骨有明显的炎性吸收,微螺钉种植体-骨界面愈合差,骨附着不足;与B组比较,C组一侧牙槽骨有少量新生纤维成骨。与A组比较,B组PI、PD、GI水平较高,龈沟液量较多,龈沟液中IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6水平较高,牙龈中NF-κBp65、RANK、RANKL蛋白表达水平较高(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组PI、PD、GI水平较低,龈沟液量较少,龈沟液中IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6水平较低,牙龈中NF-κBp65、RANK、RANKL蛋白表达水平较低(P<0.05)。结论:Er,Cr:YSGG激光治疗糖尿病兔颌骨微螺钉种植体周围炎的疗效显著,且在NF-κB/RANK/RANKL通路表达调控上可能发挥一定作用。

Low rank optimization for efficient deep learning:making a balance between compact architecture and fast training

Deep neural networks(DNNs)have achieved great success in many data processing applications.However,high computational complexity and storage cost make deep learning difficult to be used on resource-constrained devices,and it is not environmental-friendly with much power cost.In this paper,we focus on low-rank optimization for efficient deep learning techniques.In the space domain,DNNs are compressed by low rank approximation of the network parameters,which directly reduces the storage requirement with a smaller number of network parameters.In the time domain,the network parameters can be trained in a few subspaces,which enables efficient training for fast convergence.The model compression in the spatial domain is summarized into three categories as pre-train,pre-set,and compression-aware methods,respectively.With a series of integrable techniques discussed,such as sparse pruning,quantization,and entropy coding,we can ensemble them in an integration framework with lower computational complexity and storage.In addition to summary of recent technical advances,we have two findings for motivating future works.One is that the effective rank,derived from the Shannon entropy of the normalized singular values,outperforms other conventional sparse measures such as the?_1 norm for network compression.The other is a spatial and temporal balance for tensorized neural networks.For accelerating the training of tensorized neural networks,it is crucial to leverage redundancy for both model compression and subspace training.

Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and quality.Design/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly prowess.Rankings of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS database.The rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique Specialties.Rankings associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,Engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer Engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are discussed.Findings:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in Engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant change.The evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and Discipline-dependent.Practical implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow area of research for comparison,diminishing the broader applicability and impact of the assessment.In general,existing institutional rankings depend on which institutions are included in the ranking process,which areas of research are considered,the breadth(or granularity)of the research areas of interest,and the methodologies used to define and quantify research performance.In contrast,the methods presented here can provide important data over a broad range of granularity to allow responsible individuals to gauge the performance of any institution from the Overall(all Fields)level,to the level of the Specialty.The methods may also assist identification of the root causes of shifts in institution rankings,and how these shifts vary across hundreds of thousands of Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties of scholarly endeavor.Originality/value:This study provides the first ranking of all academic institutions worldwide over Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties based on a unique methodology that quantifies the productivity,impact,and quality of individual scholars.

RPL-Based IoT Networks under Decreased Rank Attack:Performance Analysis in Static and Mobile Environments

The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystem.Despite its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a concern.This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork environments.We employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja simulator.Our systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and APC.These results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT networks.Furthermore,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.

Numerical analysis for the free-boundary current reversal equilibrium in the AC plasma current operation in a tokamak

In recent decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, and this is one of the key problems in alternating current(AC) operations.An efficient free-boundary equilibrium code is developed to investigate such advanced tokamak discharges with current reversal equilibrium configuration. The calculation results show that the reversal current equilibrium can maintain finite pressure and also has considerable effects on the position of the X-point and the magnetic separatrix shape, and hence also on the position of the strike point on the divertor plates, which is extremely useful for magnetic design, MHD stability analysis, and experimental data analysis etc. for the AC plasma current operation on tokamaks.

Requirements ranking based on crowd-sourcing high-end product USs

Based on the characteristics of high-end products,crowd-sourcing user stories can be seen as an effective means of gathering requirements,involving a large user base and generating a substantial amount of unstructured feedback.The key challenge lies in transforming abstract user needs into specific ones,requiring integration and analysis.Therefore,we propose a topic mining-based approach to categorize,summarize,and rank product requirements from user stories.Specifically,after determining the number of story categories based on py LDAvis,we initially classify“I want to”phrases within user stories.Subsequently,classic topic models are applied to each category to generate their names,defining each post-classification user story category as a requirement.Furthermore,a weighted ranking function is devised to calculate the importance of each requirement.Finally,we validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method using 2966 crowd-sourced user stories related to smart home systems.

Honeymoon phase in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A window of opportunity for diabetes reversal?

The knowledge of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)continues to rapidly evolve.The natural course of the disease can be described in four clinical stages based on the autoimmune markers and glycemic status.Not all individuals of T1DM progress in that specific sequence.We hereby present a case of T1DM with a classical third phase(honeymoon phase)and discuss the intri-cacies of this interesting phase along with a possible future promise of“cure”with the use of immunotherapies.We now know that the course of T1DM may not be in only one direction towards further progression;rather the disease may have a waxing and waning course with even reversal of type 1 diabetes concept being discussed.The third phase popularly called the“honeymoon phase”,is of special interest as this phase is complex in its pathogenesis.The honeymoon phase of T1DM seems to provide the best window of opportunity for using targeted therapies using various immunomodulatory agents leading to the possibility of achieving the elusive“diabetes reversal”in T1DM.Identifying this phase is therefore the key,with a lot of varying criteria having been proposed.

Reversal of complete atrioventricular block in dialysis patients following parathyroidectomy:A case report

BACKGROUND Refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT)is a common complication observed in patients with end-stage renal disease and can result in ectopic calcification.Metastatic calcification involving the heart valves and the conduction system can easily lead to arrhythmias,including atrioventricular block.This case report describes a maintenance hemodialysis patient with refractory SHPT resulting in a complete atrioventricular block(CAVB),which was eventually reversed to a first-degree atrioventricular block.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 31-year-old Asian female who was receiving maintenance hemodialysis because of lupus nephropathy.She developed SHPT,and an electrocardiogram revealed a first-degree atrioventricular block.Then,she underwent parathyroidectomy(PTX)with autotransplantation.Unfortunately,a few years later,she developed SHPT again,and an electrocardiogram revealed a CAVB.A few years after the second PTX surgery,the calcification of the left atrium and left ventricle improved,and her CAVB was reversed.CONCLUSION This case revealed that metastatic cardiac calcification can result in complete atrioventricular blockage.Following parathyroid surgery,calcification of the cardiac conduction system improved,leading to reversal of the atrioventricular block.It is important for dialysis patients to optimize intact parathyroid hormone therapy and pay attention to calcification metastasis.

Test Case Generation Evaluator for the Implementation of Test Case Generation Algorithms Based on Learning to Rank

In software testing,the quality of test cases is crucial,but manual generation is time-consuming.Various automatic test case generation methods exist,requiring careful selection based on program features.Current evaluation methods compare a limited set of metrics,which does not support a larger number of metrics or consider the relative importance of each metric to the final assessment.To address this,we propose an evaluation tool,the Test Case Generation Evaluator(TCGE),based on the learning to rank(L2R)algorithm.Unlike previous approaches,our method comprehensively evaluates algorithms by considering multiple metrics,resulting in a more reasoned assessment.The main principle of the TCGE is the formation of feature vectors that are of concern by the tester.Through training,the feature vectors are sorted to generate a list,with the order of the methods on the list determined according to their effectiveness on the tested assembly.We implement TCGE using three L2R algorithms:Listnet,LambdaMART,and RFLambdaMART.Evaluation employs a dataset with features of classical test case generation algorithms and three metrics—Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain(NDCG),Mean Average Precision(MAP),and Mean Reciprocal Rank(MRR).Results demonstrate the TCGE’s superior effectiveness in evaluating test case generation algorithms compared to other methods.Among the three L2R algorithms,RFLambdaMART proves the most effective,achieving an accuracy above 96.5%,surpassing LambdaMART by 2%and Listnet by 1.5%.Consequently,the TCGE framework exhibits significant application value in the evaluation of test case generation algorithms.

Predictors of complications after prophylactic ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Previous studies have analyzed the risk factors for complications after ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer(RC),but there were significant differences in the reported risk factors for complications after stoma reversal.No studies have analyzed the risk factors for stoma-related complications and overall postoperative com-plications separately.AIM To analyze the risk factors for overall complications and stoma-related complications after ileostomy reversal for patients with RC.METHODS This was a retrospective study of 439 patients who underwent ileostomy reversal at a clinical center and were followed up between September 2012 and September 2022.Continuous variables are expressed as the mean±SD and were analyzed with independent-sample t tests,while frequency variables are expressed as n(%),and theχ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of overall complications and stoma-related complications.RESULTS The overall complication rate after ileostomy reversal was 11.4%.Patients with lower preoperative albumin concentration(P<0.01),greater blood loss(P=0.017),and longer operative times(P<0.01)were more likely to experience postoperative complications.The incidence of stoma-related complications was 6.4%.Analysis of the study showed that a higher body mass index(BMI)(P<0.01),preoperative comorbid hypertension(P=0.049),time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal(P<0.01)and longer operation time(P=0.010)were more likely to result in stomarelated complications postoperatively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a lower preoperative albumin level(P<0.01,OR=0.888,95%CI:0.828-0.958)was an independent risk factor for overall complications.Moreover,multivariate analysis revealed that BMI(P<0.01,OR=1.176,95%CI:1.041-1.330)and time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal(P<0.01,OR=1.140,95%CI:1.038-1.252)were independent risk factors for stoma-related complications after stoma reversal.CONCLUSION The preoperative albumin level was a predictor of overall complications.Preoperative BMI and the time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal were predictors of stoma-related complications.

Protected simultaneous quantum remote state preparation scheme by weak and reversal measurements in noisy environments

We discuss a quantum remote state preparation protocol by which two parties, Alice and Candy, prepare a single-qubit and a two-qubit state, respectively, at the site of the receiver Bob. The single-qubit state is known to Alice while the two-qubit state which is a non-maximally entangled Bell state is known to Candy. The three parties are connected through a single entangled state which acts as a quantum channel. We first describe the protocol in the ideal case when the entangled channel under use is in a pure state. After that, we consider the effect of amplitude damping(AD) noise on the quantum channel and describe the protocol executed through the noisy channel. The decrement of the fidelity is shown to occur with the increment in the noise parameter. This is shown by numerical computation in specific examples of the states to be created. Finally, we show that it is possible to maintain the label of fidelity to some extent and hence to decrease the effect of noise by the application of weak and reversal measurements. We also present a scheme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled resource which we require as a quantum channel. The generation scheme is run on the IBMQ platform.

唑来膦酸对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者骨质疏松症的临床疗效及对OPG/RANK/RANKL系统的影响

目的 探讨唑来膦酸对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者骨质疏松症的临床疗效及对OPG/RANK/RANKL系统的影响。方法 选取2019年5月~2022年9月在本院就诊的慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并骨质疏松症患者86例,在慢阻肺规范化治疗基础上,予以钙尔奇D,同时采用静脉注射的方式予以唑来膦酸注射液。统计患者治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、骨密度、肺功能、骨代谢指标及相关性分析骨代谢指标关系。结果 治疗后VAS评分显著低于治疗前,腰椎BMD、股骨颈BMD均显著高于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义(t=57.527,P<0.001;t=3.039,P=0.004;t=8.012,P<0.001)。治疗后肺功能FEV1、FEV1/FVC均优于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.009,P=0.004;t=2.321,P=0.025)。治疗后骨代谢指标RANKL、RANKL/OPG、PINP、S-CTX、血磷均低于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗前后OPG、血钙水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示,OPG均与PINP、S-CTX呈负相关,但无显著差异(P>0.05),RANKL、RANKL/OPG均与PINP呈正相关,但无显著差异(P>0.05),但与S-CTX呈正相关,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 唑来膦酸用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并骨质疏松症患者,可改善患者骨代谢,提高骨密度,其治疗机制与介导OPG/RANK/RANKL系统有关。

Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with habit reversal training on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome

BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)and habit reversal training(HRT)have shown application potential in addressing tic symptoms and comorbid psychiatric conditions.Despite their theoretical potential,empirical evidence on their combined efficacy remains limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of CBT combined with HRT on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome(TS).METHODS Clinical data of children with TS admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were collected,and the patients were grouped into the conventional therapy(control)group and the CBT combined with HRT group.Baseline charac-teristics,anxiety scores,tic severity scores,treatment adherence,and parental satisfaction were assessed.Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests,chi-square tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS A total of 136 patients,including 65 patients in the control group and 71 patients in the CBT combined with HRT group,were included.The CBT combined with HRT group showed remarkable improvements compared with the control group.Post-intervention assessment revealed a decrease in anxiety scores from 63.52±1.81 to 40.53±1.64(t=2.022,P=0.045),and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total score decreased from 22.14±5.67 to 16.28±4.91(t=2.288,P=0.024).Treatment adherence was significantly higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(85.47±7.62%)compared with the control group(82.32±6.54%;t=2.596,P=0.010).Parental satisfaction scores were also higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(8.69±1.77)compared with the control group(7.87±1.92;t=2.592,P=0.011).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CBT combined with HRT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms and tic severity in children with TS,with higher treatment adherence and parental satisfaction.These findings support the potential application of this comprehensive therapeutic approach for TS treatment.

Storm Liquefaction Deposits:A Possibility of Time Reversal in Sedimentary Strata of an Estuarial Coastal Area

In the sedimentary strata dating of estuarial coastal areas,it is often found that there is phenomenon of time-reversal in strata.The seabed sediments could be liquefied under storm waves.A laboratory wave flume experiment demonstrated that storm-induced liquefaction deposits are formed by the oscillations of liquefied sediments.In this paper,the particle size distribution and ^(210)Pb_(ex) specific activity of the sediment samples from the liquefaction disturbed zone and adjacent stable zone of the Yellow River Delta were tested.The stratigraphic divisions based on storm liquefaction deposit sequence can effectively explain the vertical changes in particle size and ^(210)Pb_(ex) specific activity.Due to the differentiation of particles during the storm induced liquefaction,coarse and fine particles regrouped,which could explain the phenomenon of time-reversal in dating data.

Study of the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway in mice treated with sepsis-related acute kidney injury

Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations and potential implications of the Osteoprotegerin(OPG)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Ligand(RANKL)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B(RANK)signaling pathway factors in a murine model of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI).This research aimed to offer novel insights into the mechanistic exploration of SA-AKI.Methods:The SA-AKI model group(CLP group)was established through cecal ligation and puncture surgery(CLP),while the control group consisted of sham-operated animals(Sham group)subjected only to laparotomy without cecal ligation and puncture.Blood samples were collected 24 h post-surgery,and murine kidney tissues were harvested upon euthanasia.Serum levels of Serum Creatinine(Scr)and Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)were quantified using assay kits.Furthermore,serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Renal tissue pathological alterations were examined employing hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),and the mRNA and protein levels of OPG,RANKL,and RANK in murine kidney tissues were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Results:Comparative analysis revealed that,in comparison to the Sham group,the CLP group demonstrated a significant elevation in the levels of Scr,BUN,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β,with statistically significant disparities(all P<0.05).Histopathological examination of the CLP group's kidneys unveiled glomerular congestion,edema,partial ischemic wrinkling,enlargement of interstitial spaces,the presence of necrotic epithelial cells in select renal tubules,tubular luminal dilation,varying degrees of interstitial edema,and infiltration by a limited number of inflammatory cells.In parallel,relative to the Sham group,the CLP group exhibited substantial upregulation in mRNA expression of OPG and RANK in renal tissues,while RANKL mRNA expression experienced marked downregulation,with statistically significant distinctions(all P<0.05).Moreover,in comparison with the Sham group,the CLP group demonstrated an elevation in protein expression of OPG and RANK in kidney tissues,whereas RANKL protein expression displayed significant downregulation,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusion:In a murine sepsis model,augmented expression of OPG and RANK,coupled with diminished RANKL expression,suggests the potential involvement of the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway in the pathophysiological progression of SA-AKI.