200 g/L 氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂对油菜菌核病的防效研究

油菜菌核病是油菜生产上发生范围广、危害重、易暴发成灾的病害。为筛选出防治油菜菌核病的高效经济药剂,开展了200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂不同剂量的药效试验。结果表明,200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂825、900、975 g/hm^(2)对油菜菌核病的防效均在86%以上,防效显著高于50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂3000 g/hm^(2)和清水对照。200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂各剂量处理油菜产量均较清水对照提高。200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂适合作为防治油菜菌核病的药剂,在油菜盛花期施药1次。在试验过程中未发现200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂对油菜生长有不利影响,在生产上可推广使用。

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and N Uptake of Late-sowing Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] The aim of this work was to analyze the N fertilization on the vegetative growth and N uptake of different winter rapeseed varieties at wintering stage. [Method] In two consecutive years （2009-2011）, two winter rapeseed varieties （B. napus L.）, an early maturity variety Zhongyou 116 （ZY116） and a middle-late application maturity variety Zhongyouza 12 （ZYZ12） were employed. Field experiments with different N levels （0, 90, 180, 270, 360 kg N/hm 2 ） were designed. At the wintering stage, the dry matter weight, the nitrogen content and concentration of plants, leaf nitrate reductase activity （NRA） and seed yields were investigated. [Result] The shoot dry matter of ZY116 increased rapidly when N rate ranged from 0 to 180 kg/hm 2 , and it raised slightly when N rate ranged from 180 to 360 kg/hm 2 . The shoot dry matter of ZYZ12 were changed in a single peak curve; the peak of shoot dry matter appeared at 270 kg N/hm 2 . The N concentration and N content in shoot and root increased rapidly when the N rate changed from 90 to 180 kg/hm 2 . Moreover, the N concentration and N content root of in ZYZ12 were much higher than that of ZY116. Present study revealed that the changed trend of leaf nitrate reductase activities （NRA） were significantly increased at the N rate of 180 kg/hm 2 in ZY116 and ZYZ12 compared with the N rate of 90 kg/hm 2 in two years. [Conclusion] Optimal nitrogen application significantly increased the dry weights and N uptake at wintering stage as well as increasing the yield of winter oilseed rape.

Mechanical Harvesting Effects on Seed Yield Loss,Quality Traits and Profitability of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.

Nutrient deficiency limits population development,yield formation,and nutrient uptake of direct sown winter oilseed rape

Direct-sowing establishment method has great significance in improving winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.） production and guaranteeing edible oil security in China. However, nutrient responses on direct sown winter oilseed rape（DOR） performance and population development dynamic are still not well understood. Therefore, five on-farm experiments were conducted in the reaches of the Yangtze River（RYR） to determine the effects of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, and potassium（K） deficiencies on population density, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and yield components of DOR plants. Four fertilization treatments included the balanced NPK application treatment（NPK, 180 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 100 kg K, and 1.8 kg borax ha–1） and three nutrient deficiency treatments based on the NPK treatment, i.e., –N, –P, and –K. The results indicated that DOR population density declined gradually throughout the growing season, especially at over-wintering and pod-development stages. Nutrient deficiency decreased nutrient concentration in DOR plants, limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, and thereby exacerbated density reduction during plants growth. The poor individual growth and reduced population density together decreased seed yield in the nutrient deficiency treatment. Averaged across all the experiments, seed yield reduced 61% by N deficiency, 38.3% by P deficiency, and 14.4% by K deficiency. The negative effects of nutrient deficiency on DOR performances followed the order of –N–P–K, and the effects were various among different nutrient deficiencies. Although N deficiency improved DOR emergence, but it seriously limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, which in turn led to substantial plants death and therefore resulted in a very low harvested density. The P deficiency significantly reduced initial density, limited plants growth, and exacerbated density reduction. The K deficiency mainly decreased individual growth and yield, but did not affect density dynamic. Our results highlighted the importance of balanced NPK application in DOR production, suggesting that management strategy of these nutrients should be comprehensively considered with an aim to build an appropriate population structure with balanced plant density and individual growth.

Effects of harvesting method and date on yield loss and seed quality of rapeseed

China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China,artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date,rape variety,seed oil content,protein content,grain moisture rate,rapeseed straw moisture content,rapeseed unthreshing rate,grain drop loss rate,thousand seeds weight(TSW),and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC).Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content,protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety;HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety.Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.Grain moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date.Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate.Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate.The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content.The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20%with TSW stabilized in the highest level.The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.

Effects of Boron Nutrition on ^45Ca Retranslocation and Distribution in Rape(Brassica napus L.)Cultivars

Using tracer techniques with the radioisotope 45Ca, the effects of boron supply from soil and nutrient solution on the retranslocation of 45Ca from leaves to other parts of rape plants were studied. Results indicated that only a small portion of foliar-applied 45Ca could be retranslocated to other parts of the rape plant. There was no pronounced effect of boron level in the soil on 45 Ca retranslocation. Increasing boron concentrations in the nutrient solution significantly reduced 45 Ca radioactivity in root and stem, but increased 45Ca uptake and 45 Ca translocation to the upper leaves of rape plants. It was suggested that45 Ca absorbed by newly developed roots was easily distributed to upper leaves of rape plants. Boron may alter distribution of calcium via its effect on root development or growth of newly developed roots.

SPAD chorophyll meter was suitable in nitrogen quick diagnosis,yield forecast and fertilization recommendation in rapeseed(Brassica napus L. )

Nitrogen （N） is one of the most important nutrients for oilseed rape （Brassica napus L . ） , but there is a lack of quick diagnosis and recommended fertilization. Three field experiments were con-ducted to seek the best diagnostic method and establish a fertilizer rate recommendation model. For ex-periment 1, six treatments as application N 0,90,180,240,300 and 400kg ha -1 were designed, and the general N nutrition diagnosis method as SPAD -502 chlorophyll meter, RQflex plus 10 nitrate reflectrom- eter and GreenSeeker - 505 spectrometer were used at eight leaf stage, tenth leaf stage and bolting stage of rape to determine the suitable nitrogen rapid diagnosis method and establish the model of yield forecast and N rate recommendation as topdressing. The experiment 2 was designed to validate the veracity of yield forecast model obtained from experiment 1. The experiment 3 was designed to test the accuracy of N rate recommendation model come from experiment 1. The results indicated that there is a preferable inter-relation between N application rates and rape yield for experiment 1 （ y = - 0. 0176x2 ＋ 11. 136x ＋797. 88 ,R2 =0. 9905 ＊ ＊ ） , which conform to the performance of yield variation with N application levels as shortage, appropriate and excessive rapeseed. For three diagnosis methods, nitrate reflectrometer could reflect rape N nutrition status to some extent, but which influenced by rapeseed physiological char-acteristics such as lower biomass at seedling stage and luxury absorption of N at bolting stage, and the re-liability and stability of diagnosis were inferior. Spectrometer is suitable for quick N nutrition diagnosis at bolting stage, but the stage of topdressing is too late to meet the demand of N support. SPAD meter could more suitable in quick N diagnosis of oilseed rapes since it could reflect rape N nutrition preferable, and it has some advantages such as the strong stability, easy measuring and lower cost in detection. By SPAD meter, model of yield forecast yforeCastyield =370. 517xSPAD value -13310.3 （x 〈42. 54） and recommended N rate yR_dedNrate =162.7-[（370.517xSPADTflliie- 13 10. 3 ）/10. 0617 - 76. 7398 ] （x〈42.54） were established. For experiment 2, the actual yield and forecast yield showed good correlation （y = 0. 5022 ＋2244. 3x, R2 =0. 7852 ＊ ） . For experiment 3 , the amount of topdressing N calculate from recommended N rate model were put forward, and the yield for different treatments had no significant difference. Total-ly ,SPAD chlorophyll meter could be used in quick N nutrition diagnosis, forecast yield and N recommen-dation of oilseed rape.

Brassinosteroids promote seed development and physiological maturity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Long developmental stage and late harvest time of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) have great negative effects on rice planting of rice-rapeseed farming system in China. Early maturity improvement of rapeseed is necessary. ‘Zhongshuang 11’, an elite winter rapeseed cultivar, was used in consecutive field experiments during 2010-2012. At initial flowering stage, plants were consecutively sprayed with 0.1 mg/L 2-4-Epibrassinolide(BR) for 3 d. Two hundred sampling pods from different plants were randomly collected to measure seed related indexes with a 4 d interval from 7 to 47 d after peak anthesis (DAPA).Seed color turned light brown at 31 or 35 DAPA after BR treatment, seed dry weight (DWT)was increased while seed moisture content (SMC) was decreased during seed development.DWT almost reached the maximum value when SMC was 33.20% at 31 DAPA in 2010-2011 and 35.29% at 35 DAPA in 2011-2012 growing season after BR treatment. Similarly,the maximum values of standard germination test (SGT), accelerated aging test (AAT)and cold test (CT) were observed at 31 or 35 DAPA after BR treatment respectively. The high yield and seed oil content appeared at 31 or 35 DAPA accompanied with rapid decrease in total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) in stems and leaves. Our study indicated that BR application advanced maturity of winter rapeseed by 4 to 8 days.

油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作对土壤养分及甘薯的影响

为掌握油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作种植模式(T)与传统冬闲—水稻—甘薯种植模式(CK)的差异,特开展种植试验,分析甘薯收获后土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙、有效锌和有效硼的含量,甘薯可溶性糖、维生素C含量,以及大米和甘薯的硒元素含量。结果表明,与CK相比,T处理的土壤肥力和甘薯品质明显提升,其中0~20 cm土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙、有效锌和有效硼分别提升21.8%、3.2%、5.4%、28.4%、34.6%、42.5%、300.0%,20~40 cm土壤则分别提高22.8%、5.6%、14.0%、32.6%、38.0%、104.4%、325.0%;甘薯总糖、维生素C含量分别提高125.09%、16.34%。另外,通过施用富硒肥,T处理的大米和甘薯硒元素含量分别达到0.14、0.15 mg/kg。因此,油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作种植模式(T)可实现油菜绿肥还田及水稻、甘薯秸秆还田,达到改良土壤、提升甘薯品质的目标。

基于小孢子培养创制DW871矮秆彩色油菜新种质

彩色油菜具有油用和观赏价值,因易种植、花色鲜艳和开花时间长等特点备受关注。然而,目前报道彩色油菜多为高芥酸、高硫甙的高秆株型,不满足兼作观赏和油用推广应用要求。因此,选育品质优良、株型适宜的彩色油菜新种质是观赏油菜的育种目标之一。本研究中以具有特异花序性状、观赏价值大的DW871为基础材料,与普通彩色高秆油菜杂交后,F1代利用小孢子培养技术创制具有DW871特性同时品质优良的彩色花新种质。研究表明,采用前期集成的油菜小孢子培养技术,产胚率达到了312~507胚/蕾,共纯合到14株彩色花油菜,其中白色花5株,橘红色花4株,金桔色花5株。经过农艺性状调查和品质分析,从DH植株中筛选出的Y57是一株含有DW871特异花序、矮杆、金桔色花、品质“双低”的优良新种质,株高88 cm,一次分支数18个,含油量39%,蛋白质含量25.96%,芥酸为0.95%,硫苷为28.15μmol/g饼,是培育集观赏和油用价值的甘蓝型彩色油菜新种质,具有较高的利用价值和广阔的应用前景。

Al胁迫下油菜生物量Al积累及保护酶系统的响应

采用水培法，研究了油菜湘杂油二号（耐Al型）和浙双758（Al敏感型）的生物量、根尖Al含量及叶片保护酶活性、叶片MDA和Pro含量对Al胁迫的响应。结果表明，胁迫7d时，湘杂油二号根系、地上部和总生物量下降率（13％～36％、13％～36％、5％～17％）均小于浙双758（30％～53％、12％～20％、16％～28％）。胁迫14d生物量下降比胁迫7d时明显，根冠比也随Al^3＋浓度增加和时间延长而下降；同时，株高变化趋势与生物量变化趋势基本一致。胁迫7d下，湘杂油二号根尖A1含量在3．94～5．88μg·g^-1之间，浙双758在4．96—7．54μg·g^-1之间，胁迫14d时根尖Al积累进一步增加。Al^3＋对叶片SOD、CAT和POD具有激活效应，SOD上升幅度较为明显，胁迫7d和14d时，200μmol·L^-1。Al^3＋浓度下湘杂油二号分别增加2．50倍和2．03倍，浙双758分别增加2．02倍和1．83倍，Al^3＋对CAT和POD的诱导效应小于SOD；从时间差异看，SOD、CAT的绝对活性和增幅在胁迫14d时小于胁迫7d，POD相反。叶片MDA和脯氨酸含量均随Al^3＋浓度增加和时间延长而升高，MDA含量在湘杂油二号中低于浙双758，而脯氨酸含量是湘杂油二号高于浙双758。研究认为，湘杂油二号根尖排斥A1的能力较强，且叶片能够维持较高的保护酶活性和较高的脯氨酸含量，因而其耐Al性强于浙双758。

北方地区白菜型冬油菜与春油菜的SSR和InDel遗传多样性分析

为了合理评价北方地区白菜型油菜种质资源,为抗寒育种及组合配制提供依据,从252对标记中筛选出9对SSR和36对InDel标记对感温性、抗寒性、品质等性状差异明显的19份白菜型油菜品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析.结果表明,共检测到95个等位变异,平均每个标记2.15个;有效等位基因变幅为1.05～3.27个,平均为1.70个.Shannon指数的变幅范围在0.1217～1.2695间,平均值为0.5803;多态性信息量PIC变幅范围为0.0499～0.6377,平均值为0.3081.通过NTSYS计算遗传相似系数GS并按加权配对法（UPGMA）聚类,结果表明19份材料的GS变异在0.52～0.86之间.在GS为0.605水平上可将19份材料按两室与多室性划分为I-1和I-2两大类群,I-1类群在GS为0.655水平上可按冬春性分为II-1、II-2两个亚类群.在GS为0.71水平上,可将冬性材料划分为4个小群.聚类结果表明北方地区白菜型油菜的遗传多样性丰富,冬、春性品种间及春性品种间亲缘关系较远,存在较大遗传差异.

菜籽饼粕水解液为氮源细菌发酵产L-乳酸的发酵培养基优化

从降低L-乳酸生产成本和提高菜籽饼粕综合利用的角度考虑,尝试菜籽饼粕水解液为氮源利用细菌发酵产L-乳酸,在单因素及均匀试验的基础上,建立BP神经网络模型,并运用遗传算法对模型进行寻优,得出的发酵培养基最佳配方简化了培养基组成(g/L):葡萄糖110.43,菜籽饼粕(干重)水解液87.78,玉米浆21.18,柠檬酸氢二铵2.85,L-乳酸产量提高了9.30%。

108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油对春油菜田野燕麦的防治效果

为明确108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油对春油菜田野燕麦的防除效果及其使用的安全性,在田间设108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油每公顷277.78、347.22、416.67、694.35 g 4个处理,以108 g/L高效盖草能375.00 g/hm2为对照药剂,以人工锄草和清水喷雾为对照,于春油菜3叶至5叶1心期、野燕麦2叶1心至4叶1心期对水300 L喷雾处理,药后观察油菜和杂草生长情况、调查防效。结果表明,108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油对春油菜田野燕麦具有良好防效,适宜用量为416.67 g/hm2,对野燕麦鲜重防效达到86.10%,对作物安全,油菜增产9.80%。108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油是防除春油菜田野燕麦的优良除草剂,可以在生产上推广使用。

鄂中地区油菜专用肥施用效果

为明确油菜(Brassica napus L.)专用肥对鄂中地区直播油菜产量的提升效果,于2019—2021年在湖北省沙洋县开展了连续2年的田间试验,设置了不施肥、常规施肥、宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥4个施肥处理,考察各处理下成熟期油菜产量、地上部生物量、地上部养分含量、地上部养分积累量以及肥料偏生产力等的差异。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,常规施肥和专用肥处理均能显著提高油菜子产量;与常规施肥相比,专用肥处理总养分投入减少了41.3%,而两者油菜子产量无明显差异。施肥显著增加了油菜地上部生物量,促进了油菜地上部对养分的吸收。油菜专用肥处理显著提高了肥料偏生产力,与常规施肥处理相比,宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥处理平均肥料偏生产力在2019—2020年、2020—2021年分别提高了80.6%和68.2%。综上所述,油菜专用肥在保障油菜高产稳产的同时,提高了肥料利用率。

白菜型油菜春化基因BrFLC序列变异分析

为寻找与冬春性相关的变异,以开发冬春性品种分子辅助标记,采用巢式和半巢式扩增法,对感温性和抗寒性强弱不同的5个白菜型油菜品种的Br FLC基因的第4外显子至第7外显子进行了特异性扩增。除Br FLC5无扩增结果外,其余3个基因均得到扩增。序列比对结果发现,3个Br FLC在第4外显子至第7外显子均存在有不同程度的等位变异,发生的主要等位变异有SNP和Indel两种类型。Br FLC1变异与冬春性相关性不大,与冬春性关系密切的变异主要发生在Br FLC2和Br FLC3上。Br FLC2中检测到1个Indel类型和5个SNP类型变异位点与冬春性有关。Br FLC3中检测到1个Indel类型和16个SNP类型变异位点与冬春性有关。

烟区不同类型油菜秸秆腐解及养分释放特性研究

本研究旨在探讨山东和四川烟区适合与烟草轮作的油菜品种,并分析其秸秆腐解及养分释放特性。通过采用尼龙网袋法,在室内模拟田间条件下对2种类型(白菜型和甘蓝型)的4个冬油菜品种进行培养,观察秸秆的腐解过程和养分释放情况。结果显示,培养前10 d,油菜秸秆快速腐解,各养分也快速释放,养分最终释放率表现为K>N>P>C;腐解进程中,秸秆碳氮比有所波动,但大致呈上升趋势;白菜型油菜秸秆的腐解程度、碳和氮的释放率高于甘蓝型油菜,而钾的释放率低于甘蓝型油菜,磷的释放率表现出地区差异;四川烟区油菜秸秆的腐解程度及碳、氮、磷素的释放率高于山东烟区,钾的释放率高于山东白菜型油菜;油菜秸秆腐解可显著提高供试土壤中有机质、氮、磷和钾素的含量,但不同烟区、不同类型油菜秸秆的增效程度有所差异。从秸秆还田利用的角度来看,2烟区中的白菜型油菜品种更适合与烟草轮作种植。

特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜sBnFLD基因的克隆及表达

【目的】克隆特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜A基因组上的sBnFLD基因,并对其进行表达研究,为该基因的功能及其在成花转变中的作用研究奠定基础。【方法】根据GenBank中已报道的拟南芥和白菜型油菜FLD同源基因的保守序列设计引物,采用PCR和RT-PCR扩增特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜86号品系(光周期不敏感)的FLD同源基因,用qRT-PCR技术检测sBnFLD基因在86号品系不同发育时期茎、叶和茎尖中的表达情况。【结果】克隆出了sBnFLD基因,命名为sBnFLD,在GenBank中的登录号为KR003079.1。sBnFLD基因cDNA全长2 376bp,有3个内含子,4个外显子,编码791个氨基酸残基,分子量86.5ku,等电点8.5;sBnFLD为非分泌蛋白和非膜蛋白;sBnFLD蛋白N端有2个保守的结构域α螺旋结构域(SWIRM)和NAD(P)-binding-8结构域,该蛋白有多个α螺旋和β折叠。生物信息学分析显示,sBnFLD蛋白与已报道的甘蓝型油菜未知蛋白(CDX73929.1)和电子克隆的白菜型油菜FLD(XP_009135110.1)氨基酸序列相似性达99%,与拟南芥FLD氨基酸序列相似性达87%。qRT-PCR分析结果显示,sBnFLD基因在油菜苗期和现蕾初期茎、叶、茎尖中均有表达,但在蕾期茎尖中表达量最高。【结论】克隆出的sBnFLD基因为甘蓝型油菜的FLD同源基因,该基因在春性特早熟甘蓝型油菜开花调控中可能起着重要的调节作用。

浙北地区优质甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)产量性状与产量的关系

对24个高产优质甘蓝型油菜品种(系)的单株产量及9个产量性状进行统计分析,结果表明,单株有效角果数、每角果实粒数、千粒重对单株产量的正效应达显著或极显著水平;单株有效角果数和每角果实粒数对产量的直接通径系数分别为0.9702和0.8439,且净效应均达极显著正值;而千粒重对产量的直接通径系数虽为正值且较大,但净效应呈负值;结角密度对产量的直接通径系数及净效应均为负值。研究结果分析,浙北优质甘蓝型油菜高产的育种方向,在选择合适结角密度的基础上,重点应放在每角果实粒数和单株有效总角果数两个主要目标性状的选择上,同时兼顾千粒重。