Fate of Urea Nitrogen Applied to Rape Grown on a Red Soil and Efficiency of Urea in Raising Rape Yield

Fate of urea nitrogen (N) applied to rape grown on a red soil was investigated by the ￣(15)N mass balancetechnique, and efficiency of urea and effect of nutrients balance in raising rape yield were investigated ina field plot experiment. One hundred and thirty-eight kg N/ha, 86 kg N/ha as basal dressing and 52 kgN/ha as top dressing, was applied with band application technique. The experiment was conducted in thesoutheast of China, near Yingtan City, Jianxi Province.Results from is￣(15)N mass balance study showed that when urea was applied as basal dressing the plantrecovery was 44.0% of the applied N for Theatment T (with application of N, P, K, B and lime). Plantrecoveries were 38.0%-40.5% for Treatments -K, -B, -lime and +RS (without application of K, B or limeas well as with additional rice straw compared with Theatment T), which were not significantly differentfrom Treatment T. In contrast, plant recovery was only 5.1% for Treatment-P (without application of P),indicating that P was the factor limiting N uptake by rape. However, N remaining in 0-0.30 m soil was highup to 71.6% for Theatment -P, while the corresponding data were 33.0%-42.6% for the other treatments.The total recovery of applied N (including plant recovery and N remaining in 0-0.60 m soil) was 91.5% forTreatment T when urea was applied as basal dressing, while almost all the applied N was recovered when ureawas applied as top dressing. It was suggested that N loss was greatly controlled by using band applicationmethod in this experiment.Results from the field plot experiment showed that N supply capacity of this red soil was very low, andthe efficiency of the applied N was quite high, 7.1 kg rape seed was increased by application of one kg N forTreatmentT. Nitrogen and phosphorus were the key factors limiting rape yield, and the yield was very lowwhen neither of them was applied. The yield in TreatmentK was significantly lower than that in TYeatmentT, with the former accounting for 77% of the later.

Effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape

The effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on the seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.cv.Zhongshuang 9） were investigated.Seeds were exposed to low-vacuum helium cold plasma ranging from 0-120 W for 15 s.Cold plasma increased the germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape,and the treatment of 100 W provided the best result.The germination rate,germination and vigor indices,and uniformity of emergence were improved by cold plasma treatment.Cold plasma raised the relative conductivity and water uptake,and reduced the apparent contact angle.The characteristics of plant growth,including plant height,stem diameter,dry weights of shoot and root at the seedling,bolting and flowering stages were increased by the cold plasma treatment.Yield components,including pod numbers per plant and 1000 seed weights were increased by the cold plasma treatment.Furthermore,the yield per plant increased by 28.20%.These results suggest that cold plasma treatment has the potential to improve the yield of oilseed rape through the enhancement of permeability,wettability and capacity of water uptake of the seeds,seed germination and plant growth.

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with supplemental irrigation to improve seed yield and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.

Nutrient deficiency limits population development,yield formation,and nutrient uptake of direct sown winter oilseed rape

Direct-sowing establishment method has great significance in improving winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.） production and guaranteeing edible oil security in China. However, nutrient responses on direct sown winter oilseed rape（DOR） performance and population development dynamic are still not well understood. Therefore, five on-farm experiments were conducted in the reaches of the Yangtze River（RYR） to determine the effects of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, and potassium（K） deficiencies on population density, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and yield components of DOR plants. Four fertilization treatments included the balanced NPK application treatment（NPK, 180 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 100 kg K, and 1.8 kg borax ha–1） and three nutrient deficiency treatments based on the NPK treatment, i.e., –N, –P, and –K. The results indicated that DOR population density declined gradually throughout the growing season, especially at over-wintering and pod-development stages. Nutrient deficiency decreased nutrient concentration in DOR plants, limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, and thereby exacerbated density reduction during plants growth. The poor individual growth and reduced population density together decreased seed yield in the nutrient deficiency treatment. Averaged across all the experiments, seed yield reduced 61% by N deficiency, 38.3% by P deficiency, and 14.4% by K deficiency. The negative effects of nutrient deficiency on DOR performances followed the order of –N–P–K, and the effects were various among different nutrient deficiencies. Although N deficiency improved DOR emergence, but it seriously limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, which in turn led to substantial plants death and therefore resulted in a very low harvested density. The P deficiency significantly reduced initial density, limited plants growth, and exacerbated density reduction. The K deficiency mainly decreased individual growth and yield, but did not affect density dynamic. Our results highlighted the importance of balanced NPK application in DOR production, suggesting that management strategy of these nutrients should be comprehensively considered with an aim to build an appropriate population structure with balanced plant density and individual growth.

Effects of harvesting method and date on yield loss and seed quality of rapeseed

China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China,artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date,rape variety,seed oil content,protein content,grain moisture rate,rapeseed straw moisture content,rapeseed unthreshing rate,grain drop loss rate,thousand seeds weight(TSW),and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC).Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content,protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety;HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety.Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.Grain moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date.Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate.Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate.The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content.The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20%with TSW stabilized in the highest level.The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.

我国冬油菜的气候灾损变化及其对ENSO响应

构建冬油菜气候灾损与ENSO事件的可能关系有利于应对气候变化对油料供给的影响。基于12个主产省市1980—2019年的冬油菜单产序列,通过H-P滤波与时序全局主成分分析识别了气候灾损的年代差异。此外,梳理了主要气象灾害以及不同ENSO年型对灾损的影响,进而探讨了9种ENSO指数的预判作用。主要结果如下:①冬油菜种植效率的区域均衡性呈现出显著的上升趋势;②多数省市的气候灾损在1980s和1990s有着更高强度;③冻灾和雹灾对冬油菜种植有着更不利的影响;④ENSO强冷事件支配年份的气候灾损明显更高;⑤极端东部热带太平洋海表温度等因子驱动的分类模型对灾损年景有着较好的预判效果。

延迟播种对不同熟期类型油菜新品种产量及相关因子的影响

为了探索湘东地区延迟播种对不同熟期类型油菜品种产量及相关因子的影响,选择湖南省主推的早熟型沣油112、中早熟型捷油8848、中熟型沣油789油菜新品种在浏阳北盛镇开展3个播期的生产试验。结果表明,3个播期的不同熟期品种均能于4月下旬至5月上旬成熟;3个品种M1、M2的生育期相同,而M3的熟期延迟5~7 d,其中捷油8848的3个播期生育期及积温与沣油789的相同;随着播期的推迟,各品种的株高、一次有效分枝数、有效角果数呈下降趋势;3个播期的平均单产M1低于预期、M2最高,M3最低;3个不同熟期类型品种,中熟型沣油789受播期延迟影响较大,产量水平随播期延迟而显著下降,中早熟型捷油8848对播期延迟的敏感性未达到显著水平,而早熟型沣油112以M2的产量水平最高,显著高于M1和M3。

播种量对甘蓝型油菜直播栽培成株数及产量的影响

为了研究常规油菜和杂交油菜不同播种量下产量及植株性状的变化,明确常规油菜和杂交油菜最佳播种量。以6个油菜品种为材料,设置不同播种量7个处理,分析播种量与成株数量、产量及植株性状的关系。结果表明,播种量对成株数量和产量有显著影响,随播种量增加油菜成株数量升高,产量先增后减;播量在B2处理(3.0 kg/hm2)时常规和杂交油菜产量最高,分别为2569.51 kg/hm2和2874.86 kg/hm2,在B6处理时两者产量相当,平均为2418.25 kg/hm2;常规油菜产量与角粒数(0.6871**)呈极显著正相关,杂交油菜产量与主花序长度(0.6275**)呈极显著正相关;菜籽品质主要由品种特性决定,与播种量无关。在本试验条件下,直播油菜获得高产的最宜播种量为3.00 kg/hm2。

鄂中地区油菜专用肥施用效果

为明确油菜(Brassica napus L.)专用肥对鄂中地区直播油菜产量的提升效果,于2019—2021年在湖北省沙洋县开展了连续2年的田间试验,设置了不施肥、常规施肥、宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥4个施肥处理,考察各处理下成熟期油菜产量、地上部生物量、地上部养分含量、地上部养分积累量以及肥料偏生产力等的差异。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,常规施肥和专用肥处理均能显著提高油菜子产量;与常规施肥相比,专用肥处理总养分投入减少了41.3%,而两者油菜子产量无明显差异。施肥显著增加了油菜地上部生物量,促进了油菜地上部对养分的吸收。油菜专用肥处理显著提高了肥料偏生产力,与常规施肥处理相比,宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥处理平均肥料偏生产力在2019—2020年、2020—2021年分别提高了80.6%和68.2%。综上所述,油菜专用肥在保障油菜高产稳产的同时,提高了肥料利用率。

紫云英与油菜混播对水稻产量、土壤活性有机碳及其组分的影响

“绿肥-双季稻”是一种绿色高产高效、培肥地力的种植模式,绿肥具有提供养分、改善生态环境以及节能减排等作用。研究紫云英与油菜混播对水稻产量、土壤活性有机碳及其组分、碳素有效率、碳库管理指数的影响,并筛选最佳的混播比例,为我国南方地区推广绿肥种植和合理利用土地资源提供科学依据。本试验以紫云英、油菜单播为对照,共设计5个处理(单播紫云英-早稻-晚稻;3/4紫云英+1/4油菜-早稻-晚稻;1/2紫云英+1/2油菜-早稻-晚稻;1/4紫云英+3/4油菜-早稻-晚稻;单播油菜-早稻-晚稻)。研究结果表明:紫云英与油菜混播处理的水稻产量和有效穗数均高于两个对照,且处理1/2紫云英+1/2油菜最高,有效穗数与水稻产量呈显著正相关。混播处理土壤微生物量碳、易氧化有机碳和活性有机碳含量较对照处理高,其中微生物量碳含量差异最为显著。土壤活性有机碳含量与碳库管理指数、碳素与碳素有效率间和各碳库管理指数间的呈显著或极显著相关。通过主成分分析发现,紫云英与油菜不同比例混播对土壤活性有机碳库影响显著。紫云英、油菜混播可以显著提高早稻产量和提升土壤活性有机碳库含量,其中以处理1/2紫云英+1/2油菜-早稻-晚稻效果最好。

氮磷调控对高芥酸油菜产量和品质的影响

[目的]本试验通过研究不同氮磷肥互作处理下高芥酸油菜的产量和品质,以期探明适应高芥酸油菜品种稳产提质的氮磷肥施用处理。[方法]以高芥酸型油菜‘绵油309’为试验材料,分别设置0 kg·hm^(-2)(N0)、60 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)、120 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)、180 kg·hm^(-2)(N3)4个氮肥水平和0 kg·hm^(-2)(P0)、45 kg·hm^(-2)(P1)、90 kg·hm^(-2)(P2)、120 kg·hm^(-2)(P3)4个磷肥水平,共16个处理,比较不同氮磷水平对高芥酸油菜产量及品质的影响。[结果]氮磷肥通过影响单株角果数、每角果粒数和千粒重进而影响油菜产量,2020年和2021年均在N3P2处理下产量达到最大值,2020年最大值为2848.7 kg·hm^(-2),比最小值(929.4 kg·hm^(-2))增产206.5%,2021年最大值为2908.3 kg·hm^(-2),比最小值(927.4 kg·hm^(-2))增产213.6%。2020和2021年在N3P2处理下菜籽油产量最高达1144.0、1353.1 kg·hm^(-2),芥酸产量最高分别为582.5、685.8 kg·hm^(-2)。氮肥对高芥酸油菜的含油量具有极显著影响,2年均在N2条件下含油量最高(41%~42%);氮磷肥对菜籽油中芥酸含量均具有极显著影响,2年均在N2P2处理下达到最大值55.0%。[结论]合理的施用氮肥和磷肥能够显著提高油菜的产量和品质,从而达到增产增收的目的。在生产过程中‘绵油309’作为芥酸加工型油菜,当施氮量为180 kg·hm^(-2)和施磷量为90 kg·hm^(-2)时可以实现较高的产量和较好的品质。

基于小孢子培养创制DW871矮秆彩色油菜新种质

彩色油菜具有油用和观赏价值,因易种植、花色鲜艳和开花时间长等特点备受关注。然而,目前报道彩色油菜多为高芥酸、高硫甙的高秆株型,不满足兼作观赏和油用推广应用要求。因此,选育品质优良、株型适宜的彩色油菜新种质是观赏油菜的育种目标之一。本研究中以具有特异花序性状、观赏价值大的DW871为基础材料,与普通彩色高秆油菜杂交后,F1代利用小孢子培养技术创制具有DW871特性同时品质优良的彩色花新种质。研究表明,采用前期集成的油菜小孢子培养技术,产胚率达到了312~507胚/蕾,共纯合到14株彩色花油菜,其中白色花5株,橘红色花4株,金桔色花5株。经过农艺性状调查和品质分析,从DH植株中筛选出的Y57是一株含有DW871特异花序、矮杆、金桔色花、品质“双低”的优良新种质,株高88 cm,一次分支数18个,含油量39%,蛋白质含量25.96%,芥酸为0.95%,硫苷为28.15μmol/g饼,是培育集观赏和油用价值的甘蓝型彩色油菜新种质,具有较高的利用价值和广阔的应用前景。

播种时期对免耕飞播油菜生长与产量的影响

针对稻油轮作体系中油菜播种窗口期选择的问题,本研究旨在确定免耕飞播模式下适宜的油菜播种时间,以解决茬口紧张导致的迟播问题。本研究于2020—2022年油菜季在湖北武穴和黄陂开展了3个田间试验,均设置8个处理:水稻收获前后1、3、5、7 d播种。研究评估了不同播种时间对冬油菜产量及其构成因素和生长发育的影响。研究结果表明,不同播种时期处理的油菜籽产量差异显著,水稻收获前3 d至收获后3 d是飞播油菜最佳的播种时段,该时间段内播种的油菜平均产量比其他播种时间处理高出28.3%。单株角果数是水稻收获后播种影响油菜籽产量的主要因子,表现为随着播种时期的推迟而减少。与水稻收获后5 d和7 d处理相比,水稻收获后1 d和3 d处理的平均单株角果数增加了15.8%。水稻收获后不同播种时期单株角果数与越冬期绿叶数、蕾薹期茎粗、花期茎粗呈显著正相关。具体而言,与水稻收获后5 d和7 d处理相比,水稻收获后1 d和3 d处理的在越冬期绿叶数、蕾薹期茎粗、花期茎粗分别平均增加18.2%、12.9%、16.0%。综上所述,将飞播油菜的播种时间定在水稻收获前3 d至后3 d,能在优化群体结构的同时促进个体生长发育,从而提高飞播油菜产量,本研究为油菜轻简高效生产提供了技术指导。

长江中游地区不同钾肥用量对油菜生物量、产量和养分吸收利用的影响

2021~2022年在长江中游地区湖北省武汉市江夏区开展田间试验,研究不同氯化钾施用量对油菜苗期及成熟期生物量、产量和养分吸收分配的影响。试验设置6个氯化钾施用量处理,分别为K_(0)(K_(2)O 0 kg/hm^(2))、K_(30)(K_(2)O30 kg/hm^(2))、K_(60)(K_(2)O 60 kg/hm^(2))、K_(90)(K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))、K_(120)(K_(2)O 120 kg/hm^(2))和K_(150)(K_(2)O 150 kg/hm^(2))。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着钾肥用量的提高,油菜苗期以及成熟期各部位生物量和产量显著增加,其中最高增产量和增产率分别为1199.6 kg/hm^(2)和57.2%。当施钾量超过120 kg/hm^(2)后油菜生物量和产量均不再显著增加。油菜苗期以及成熟期各部位钾含量随着钾肥用量的增加而显著提高,氮含量均无显著变化,但成熟期籽粒中的磷含量随着施钾量的提高而显著增加。钾肥偏生产力随着钾肥用量的提高而显著降低,但钾肥农学利用率、生理利用率、表观利用率以及收获指数均在施钾量为90 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大,随后逐渐减小。经济效益分析表明施钾量为120 kg/hm^(2)时产投比和净收入达到最大,再继续增加钾肥用量经济效益反而会降低,结合线性加平台方程拟合结果该地区实现经济效益最大化的推荐施钾量为114.6 kg/hm^(2)。综上,合理施用钾肥能够显著提升油菜生物量、氮、磷和钾等养分积累量,提升株高、一级分枝数和角果数,实现增产和最大经济效益。

氮肥用量对玉米-油菜和水稻-油菜轮作模式下油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

旱-旱和水-旱轮作是我国长江流域冬油菜的典型种植模式,氮养分缺乏是油菜产量主要限制因子。利用2016—2023年在湖北省武汉市布置的裂区同田对比定位试验,探究氮肥用量对不同轮作模式下油菜产量和氮素吸收利用的影响差异,为科学施氮提供依据。试验设计的主处理为旱地油菜(玉米-油菜)和水田油菜(水稻-油菜)2种轮作模式,副处理为4个氮肥用量(0 kg N hm^(-2)、75 kg N hm^(-2)、150 kg N hm^(-2)、225 kg N hm^(-2)),分析了油菜产量、产量构成因子和氮素积累量等相关指标。7年试验结果表明,旱地和水田油菜的产量和氮素吸收在不同氮肥投入下的响应存在差异。当不施氮或低施氮(75 kg N hm^(-2))时,水田油菜产量显著高于旱地油菜,分别高出53.9%和20.8%,地上部氮素积累量分别高出57.8%和18.3%;当施氮量为150 kg N hm^(-2)时,2种轮作无显著差异;在高施氮(225 kg N hm^(-2))时,旱地油菜产量和氮素积累量较水田分别增加11.2%和16.0%。旱地油菜的氮肥农学利用效率、贡献率和表观利用率较水田油菜分别平均增加16.5%、20.5%和22.0%,氮肥对旱地油菜的增产潜力更大,但水田油菜季土壤基础氮素供应量较旱地高61.5%,对氮肥的依赖性更小。综上,增加氮肥用量显著提高了油菜产量和氮素积累,水田油菜在低氮投入下表现出较高的稳产性,而旱地油菜在较高氮投入下丰产潜力更高。因此,在实际生产中应根据不同轮作模式调整油菜施氮量,旱地油菜可以适当增加氮肥用量以获得高产,水田油菜要充分利用土壤供氮能力适当控制氮肥用量,以达到油菜高产高效生产和氮肥高效利用的目的。

油菜秸秆和玉米芯不同配比对鸡腿菇栽培的影响

为筛选出适宜在青海省栽培鸡腿菇的配方,本研究以鸡腿菇Cc-900为试验材料,探究油菜秸秆和玉米芯不同配比对鸡腿菇生长和产量等影响。结果表明:栽培鸡腿菇的最优配方为油菜秸秆20%、玉米芯68%、麦麸10%、石灰2%,料堆发酵腐熟快,经发酵腐熟后栽培料的C/N为27.66,发菌期和覆土期分别缩短至11 d、39 d,子实体的农艺性状中单菇重量可达35.87 g,鸡腿菇产量为12.40 kg/m^(2),此配方下鸡腿菇的生物转化率可达68%。

耕作方式对机械直播冬油菜生长及产量的影响

【目的】明确耕作方式对长江流域水旱轮作旱作季冬油菜生长及产量的影响。【方法】以机械直播冬油菜为试验对象,设置深翻和浅旋2种耕作方式,研究其对冬油菜的根系、地上部生长(株高、茎粗、生物量)、产量和籽粒含油量的影响。【结果】较浅旋处理相比,深翻促进了冬油菜根系生长及根系下扎,根质量密度平均增加了2.0%;且深翻促进了冬油菜的生长发育,冬油菜株高、茎粗和地上部生物量均值分别增加了4.8%、3.1%和5.9%。此外,深翻处理冬油菜产量显著高于浅旋处理(P<0.05),增幅达到24.4%;这与产量构成要素(分支节点高度、分枝长度、单株角果数)显著增加密切相关。深翻较浅旋处理油菜籽粒含油量略有提升,但处理间差异不显著。【结论】综合考虑冬油菜的生长状况、产量以及籽粒含油量,机械化耕播作业时适当深翻会对冬油菜生长指标及产量构成因素产生正效应。该研究为冬油菜区机械化直播种植合理耕作提供理论和技术支撑。

绿肥油菜还田提高水稻产量与土壤磷钾肥力

为评价太湖地区油菜花后作绿肥对水稻产量及稻田水土养分的影响,在太湖地区连续进行2年田间定位试验,明确在2种不同油菜-水稻种植模式[绿肥油菜-水稻、饲用油菜-水稻(CK)]引起的水稻籽粒产量、产量构成因子、土壤氮磷钾含量以及稻田田面水氮磷浓度变化。结果表明:与对照处理相比,油菜终花期后压青还田下2年水稻产量提高了6.1%~15.2%,试验第1年水稻产量显著增加主要是由于有效穗数显著增加了20.0%,成穗率显著提高了14.7%,穗实粒数显著提高13.1%(P<0.05),结实率、千粒质量2种处理差异无统计学意义。连续2年绿肥油菜还田下耕层土壤全氮含量差异无统计学意义,但速效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高了31.6%和27.8%,同时移栽至分蘖期稻田田面水总氮和总磷浓度分别显著提高36.3%和53.7%(P<0.05)。由此,太湖地区油菜作绿肥还田可维持水稻产量并补充土壤磷钾库,但应结合配套油菜绿肥还田技术以降低稻田盈余养分潜在流失风险,为太湖保护区提供化学肥料有机替代和绿色防控等有效环保型施肥技术。

不同磷肥使用量对油菜产量和品质的影响

以甘杂1号为试验材料,设置了30、60、90、120 kg/hm^(2)等4个磷肥处理及对照,比较了不同处理油菜产量、品质和种植经济效益。结果表明:适量磷肥的施入可提高油菜产量、品质及种植经济效益,综合考虑各个因素,在徽县伏家镇推荐磷肥用量为90 kg/hm^(2)。

喷硒量对不同油菜品种产量的影响分析

作为油料作物的油菜是人们餐桌上的常客,而硒是人体所必需的微量元素之一,研究富硒油菜生产是提高硒元素补充的有效途径。本研究为筛选高产、富硒能力强的品种,探索叶面喷施硒肥对油菜产量的影响,通过二因素随机区组试验,对当前生产中表现较好的4个油菜品种于5个喷硒水平下的农艺性状、产量、籽粒硒含量进行比较分析。结果表明:不同品种对硒的富集能力不同,4个油菜品种的自然富硒能力高低依次为‘金矮油2号’‘金农油1号’‘油苔8号’‘油苔2号’;叶面喷硒有助于油菜富硒,当喷硒量为11.6 mg/kg时,油菜产量最高,且油菜籽粒中硒含量最高;相关性分析表明,油菜籽粒硒含量与产量呈显著正相关,籽粒硒含量与一级分枝数、单株角果数、每角果粒数相关性不显著。