Host-induced silencing of MpPar6 confers Myzus persicae resistance in transgenic rape plants

Plant-mediated RNA interference(RNAi)has emerged as a promising technology for insect control.The green peach aphid,Myzus persicae,feeds on over 400 species of host plants.Brassica napus(rape)is the second most important oilseed crop worldwide.Myzus persicae is highly reproductive and causes severe damage to the rape plants due to its quite flexible life cycle.In this study,we tested the RNAi effects of transgenic rape plants on M.persicae.By in vitro feeding M.persicae with artificial diets containing double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs)targeting seven aphid genes,we identified a new gene encoding the partitioning-defective protein 6(Par6)as the most potent RNAi target.Tissue-and stage-expression analysis of Par6 suggested this gene is highly expressed in the embryo and adult stage of M.persicae.We next generated transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 by Agrobacteriummediated transformation and obtained nine independent transgenic lines.Compared to wild-type control plants,transgenic rape lines expressing ds Par6 showed strong resistance to M.persicae.Feeding assays revealed that feeding transgenic rape plants to M.persicae significantly decreased MpPar6 expression and survival rate and impaired fecundity.Furthermore,we showed that the resistance levels to M.persicae are positively correlated with ds Par6 expression levels in transgenic rape plants.Our study demonstrates that transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 are efficiently protected from M.persicae.Interfering with the genes involved in embryo development could be the effective RNAi targets for controlling aphids and potentially other insect pests.

Genome-wide and candidate gene association studies identify BnPAP17 as conferring the utilization of organic phosphorus in oilseed rape

Phosphorus(P)is essential for living plants,and P deficiency is one of the key factors limiting the yield in rapeseed production worldwide.As the most important organ for plants,root morphology traits(RMTs)play a key role in P absorption.To investigate the genetic variability of RMT under low P availability,we dissected the genetic structure of RMTs by genome-wide association studies(GWAS),linkage mapping and candidate gene association studies(CGAS).A total of 52 suggestive loci were associated with RMTs under P stress conditions in 405 oilseed rape accessions.The purple acid phosphatase gene BnPAP17 was found to control the lateral root number(LRN)and root dry weight(RDW)under low P stress.The expression of BnPAP17 was increased in shoot tissue in P-efficient cultivars compared to root tissue and P-inefficient cultivars in response to low P stress.Moreover,the haplotype of BnPAP17^(Hap3)was detected for the selective breeding of P efficiency in oilseed rape.Over-expression of the BnPAP17^(Hap3)could promote the shoot and root growth with enhanced tolerance to low P stress and organic phosphorus(Po)utilization in oilseed rape.Collectively,these findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BnPAP17-mediated low P stress tolerance in oilseed rape.

Strategies and Economic Benefit Analysis for Productive Landscape of Rape Flower Sea in Cold Regions

The cold regions are located in high latitudes and cold climates.The local excellent ornamental plant resources are relatively scarce.The plant species that are suitable for both ornamental and productive benefits of landscape of flower sea construction are also even fewer.Therefore,it is imperative to introduce and screen the plant resources suitable for cold regions to create the landscape of flower sea.The rape,an oilseed crop,was used as a research object in order to create a productive flower landscape with both ornamental and economic values in cold regions.Four rape flower varieties,Qingza No.5,7,9,and 11,were introduced from Qinghai Hufeng Agricultural Science and Technology Group Co.,Ltd.They were planted in the experimental practice base of Northeast Agricultural University in three batches.Development characteristics and seed yield of rape flowers on different sowing dates were studied.The fuzzy probability method was used to comprehensively evaluate the varieties.The results showed that the rape flowers grew well in Harbin City during the experimental sowing period,which could form a good landscape of flower sea and had a considerable rapeseed yield.It could be widely used in cold urban and rural areas,such as Harbin City.In view of the experimental results,the strategies of creating a productive landscape of rape flower sea were proposed and the economic benefits were analyzed.It could change the status quo of a uniform landscape of flower sea in cold regions,help the development of rural tourism,and promote local economic income.

Rape Breeding and Its Intellectual Property Protection in China

Rape is the third largest oil crop in the world and the first one in China.The national average rapeseed yield is only 2077.5 kg/hm^(2),and the rapeseed oil yield is 894 kg/hm^(2).This paper introduced the main types,germplasm resources,breeding bases and breeding progress of Chinese rape,and studied its high-quality varieties,breeding patents and new varieties of agricultural plants.We analyzed the main problems such as serious loss of germplasm resources in Brassica campestris L.and Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss and weak"agricultural chip"in rape field,and put forward strategies such as strengthening the protection of rape germplasm resources,encouraging the development of"agricultural chip"in rape industry clusters with national advantages and characteristics,and strengthening the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights.

Geographical Indication Intellectual Property Protection and Regional Public Brand Construction of Rape Industry in China

As China s largest oil crop,rape occupies a central position in ensuring the safety of China s cooking oil supply.This paper introduced China s rapeseed industry from the rape type,rapeseed production,planting area,national rapeseed production protected area,rape national dominant characteristic industrial clusters,and rapeseed industry,etc.Besides,from the aspects of geographical indication products,geographical indication trademarks,and geographical indications of agricultural products,this paper discussed the intellectual property protection of geographical indications of rape,rapeseed,and rapeseed oil in China.It analyzed the main problems such as the lag in the formulation of relevant standards for geographical indications and the low use of special signs for geographical indications,and finally came up with recommendations including building a public brand of geographical indications and expanding foreign exchanges of geographical indications.

National Protection Zone for Rapeseed Production and Industrial Cluster of Rape in Hubei Province

Hubei Province is the main winter rapeseed producing area in China,and has the national advantage and characteristic industrial cluster of rape.The protection zone for the production of important agricultural products of rapeseed in Hubei Province also ranks first as that in Hunan Province.This paper studied the winter rape industry,the important agricultural product production protection zone of rapeseed,the provincial double-low high-quality rape protection zone and the industrial cluster of rape in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province,and analyzed the main problems existing in the development of rapeseed production protection zone and industrial cluster of rape.Finally,it came up with strategies including promoting national rape varieties,overcoming the problem of rape"agricultural chip",promoting the"rice+rape"rotation model,and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of brand marks.

Biotechnology ofα-linolenic acid in oilseed rape(Brassica napus)using FAD2 and FAD3 from chia(Salvia hispanica)

α-Linolenic acid(ALA,18:3Δ9,12,15)is an essential fatty acid for humans since it is the precursor for the biosynthesis of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFA).Modern people generally suffer from deficiency of ALA because most staple food oils are low or lack ALA content.Biotechnological enrichment of ALA in staple oil crops is a promising strategy.Chia(Salvia hispanica)has the highest ALA content in its seed oil among known oil crops.In this study,the FAD2 and FAD3 genes from chia were engineered into a staple oil crop,oilseed rape(Brassica napus),via Agrobaterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of their LP4-2A fusion gene construct driven by the seed-specific promoter P_(NapA).In seeds of T0,T1,and T2 lines,the average ALA contents were 20.86,23.54,and 24.92%,respectively,which were 2.21,2.68,and 3.03 folds of the non-transformed controls(9.42,8.78,and 8.22%),respectively.The highest seed ALA levels of T0,T1,and T2 plants were 38.41,35.98,and 39.19%respectively,which were 4.10-4.77 folds of the respective controls.FA-pathway enzyme genes(BnACCD,BnFATA,BnSAD,BnSCD,BnDGAT1,BnDGAT2,and BnDGAT3)and positive regulatory genes(BnWRI1,BnLEC1,BnL1L,BnLEC2,BnABI3,BnbZIP67,and BnMYB96)were all significantly up-regulated.In contrast,BnTT1,BnTT2,BnTT8,BnTT16,BnTTG1,and BnTTG2,encoding negative oil accumulation regulators but positive secondary metabolism regulators,were all significantly down-regulated.This means the foreign ShFAD2-ShFAD3 fusion gene,directly and indirectly,remodeled both positive and negative loci of the whole FA-related network in transgenic B.napus seeds.

An Artificial Approach for the Fractional Order Rape and Its Control Model

The current investigations provide the solutions of the nonlinear fractional order mathematical rape and its controlmodel using the strength of artificial neural networks(ANNs)along with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation approach(LMBA),i.e.,artificial neural networks-Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation approach(ANNs-LMBA).The fractional order investigations have been presented to find more realistic results of the mathematical form of the rape and its control model.The differential mathematical form of the nonlinear fractional order mathematical rape and its control model has six classes:susceptible native girls,infected immature girls,susceptible knowledgeable girls,infected knowledgeable girls,susceptible rapist population and infective rapist population.The rape and its control differential system using three different fractional order values is authenticated to perform the correctness of ANNs-LMBA.The data is used to present the rape and its control differential system is designated as 70%for training,14%for authorization and 16%for testing.The obtained performances of the ANNs-LMBA are compared with the dataset of the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme.To substantiate the consistency,aptitude,validity,exactness,and capability of the LMBA neural networks,the obtained numerical values are provided using the state transitions(STs),correlation,regression,mean square error(MSE)and error histograms(EHs).

Maternal-Fetal Pregnancy Complications of in Minors Raped with or without Physical Restraint in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction: Pregnancy resulting from rape is a public health and sexual and reproductive health issue, especially among minors. Rape can be perpetrated with or without physical restraint. The objective of the present study is to highlight the prevalence of physical coercion leading to pregnancy and the associated maternal-fetal complications. Methodology: This was a comparative descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of complications associated with post-rape pregnancy by physical restraint among minors who were treated at the General Reference Hospital of Panzi over a two-year period from June 2020 to June 2022. A total of 140 minor survivors of violence with pregnancy were included in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, coded and analyzed in Excel and XLSTAT version 2014. Results: The prevalence of physical constraints was 65%. After mulltivariate analyses, denial of pregnancy (ORa: 9.64 95% CI: 1.1 - 81.2;p-value: 0.0370), attempted abortion (ORa: 56.1 95% CI: 1.5 - 2027.6;p-value: 0.0278) and agitation during delivery (ORa: 88.7 95% CI: 4.5 - 1715;p-value: 0.0030) were the complications associated with pregnancy in minors who experienced physical restraint rape. In addition, BMI was a factor in reducing the risk of physical restraint rape at the ORa of 0.5054 [0.3;0.8];p 0.006). Conclusion: Pregnancy among minors is a reality and occurs in a situation of physical coercion in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. These pregnancies are often associated with complications that require an intensive management system since they can jeopardize the maternal-fetal prognosis of minors.

面向夹持采收的油菜薹夹段茎秆离散元参数标定与优化

为提高离散元法对指导油菜薹有序采收装备设计与优化的准确性和可靠性,该研究以双行垄作移栽的“农大1号”双低甘蓝型油菜机械化适收期油菜薹夹段茎秆为对象,测定其本征参数、表面接触参数以及破碎力学参数,利用EDEM仿真软件Hertz-Mindlin无滑移模型和Hertz-Mindlin with bonding粘结模型建立夹段茎秆堆积仿真标定模型和破碎仿真标定模型。采用逐步调整仿真参数使仿真试验值与物理试验值逼近的方法,利用夹段茎秆堆积仿真标定模型,以休止角仿真试验值与实际物理试验值的相对误差为目标,完成夹段茎秆表面接触参数的标定与优化;利用破碎仿真标定模型,以轴向压缩和弯曲仿真试验与实际物理试验的最大轴向压缩力和最大弯曲力的相对误差为目标,利用标定后的表面接触参数完成夹段茎秆粘结参数的标定与优化。最后,利用夹段茎秆的径向压缩与剪切、内芯与表皮拉伸的破碎仿真力学试验和有序采收EDEM-Recurdyn耦合仿真试验验证标定后的表面接触参数和粘结参数。结果表明,仿真与实测试验的破碎力学参数相对误差在5%以内,且仿真与实测的“时间-载荷”曲线变化趋势一致,低速、中速和高速档的有序采收仿真试验结果与实际物理试验结果相对误差在7.0%以内。研究结果表明,采用离散元仿真方法研究油菜薹采收过程具有可行性,标定结果可用于指导油菜薹机械化生产。

油菜抗根肿病品种在云南省西南发病区的田间评价

通过明确‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’2个抗根肿病油菜品种的田间抗性、农艺性状和产量情况,为油菜根肿病重发区筛选出优良的抗病品种。本研究在云南省西南地区的腾冲市、梁河县和临翔县3个油菜根肿病病区进行田间试验,采用本课题组研发品种和当地主推品种作为对照。田间试验结果显示,‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟安全越冬,生育期176~199d,各生育期表现整齐一致;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在腾冲和梁河点对油菜根肿病表现为高度抗病,在临翔点表现为抗病;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点的农艺性状良好;‘华双5R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产2.71%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’和‘德油1号’相比增产幅度为7.49%~56.83%;‘华油杂62R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产5.76%,比临翔点的‘德油1号’减产4.61%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’相比增产幅度为4.12%~51.90%。‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟,生育期176~199d,对根肿病表现出较强抗性,同时农艺性状良好、产量较高,可在云南省西南地区油菜根肿病病区推广种植。

基于YOLO v5的直播油菜激光间苗系统设计与试验

间苗是保证直播油菜增产的一项关键技术措施,为解决人工间苗劳动强度大、机械间苗不精确的问题,采用机器视觉的方式,基于深度学习算法YOLO v5平台,设计并搭建自动间苗装置。机器视觉系统评估幼苗种群的合理密植情况,间苗算法以间距和幼苗叶展为评估标准,实现控制幼苗间距和筛选优质苗的功能。选用遗传算法对间苗行进路径进行规划,相较于未规划路径可缩短最低为50%的行进距离,最终采用激光器高温烧除的方式完成间苗作业。选取油菜苗作为试验材料,间苗阈值α是划定幼苗最小间距的参数,设置不同的间苗阈值α进行试验。结果表明,间除苗的数量随着间苗阈值α的增加而增加,幼苗平均密度下降的同时种群分布趋于均匀,对间除苗的叶展长度分类统计,α为0~75 mm时,间除苗叶展长度全部在0~20 mm范围;α为75~200 mm时,间除苗叶展长度为0~40 mm,其中叶展长度为20~40 mm的最高占比约为76%;α为200~350 mm时,间除苗叶展长度在40 mm以上的幼苗开始增加,最高占比约为14%,间除苗叶展长度梯次分布证明了间苗算法具备筛选优质苗的性能。间苗执行阶段耗时占据间苗作业总耗时的90%以上,以激光走线参数L、激光器功率P、间苗距离阈值为试验因素,三因素三水平正交试验结果表明:选择合适的激光走线参数L能有效提高间苗死亡率、降低间苗误伤率和减少间苗耗时,在参数L为30 mm、P为7.5 W、α为250 mm下开展土槽台架性能验证试验,激光间苗平均死亡率为93.29%,平均误伤率为5.19%,平均总耗时为15.19 min,为开发基于机器视觉的激光自动间苗机提供了理论基础和技术支撑。

四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾损评估及风险区划

花期低温阴雨是四川盆区油菜生产的主要气象灾害之一。本研究利用四川盆区1961-2020年101个气象站的逐日气象资料,1983-2000年油菜产量资料和干旱、低温冷害、连阴雨、大风、冰雹灾情资料,筛选花期低温阴雨灾害年份,采用数理统计方法获取花期低温阴雨产量灾损率和致灾因子,通过相关性分析确定油菜花期低温阴雨致灾指标,并利用2001-2020年灾情资料进行检验;基于筛选出的低温、连阴雨关键致灾因子,采用回归分析法建立油菜花期低温阴雨灾害损失评估模型,并进行回代和预测检验,分析灾害风险区划和变化趋势。结果表明:(1)日平均气温≤7℃、过程持续天数≥1d是四川盆区油菜花期低温致灾指标,日平均气温≤7℃的负积温和≥3d过程持续降水量共同组成低温阴雨灾害的关键致灾因子;选用2001-2020年油菜花期低温冷害发生情况对指标进行检验,与实际情况相符。(2)选用1983-2000年的气象、产量、灾情数据建立四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾损评估模型,模型对轻度、中度灾害损失评估等级与实际等级相同或相差1级的评估准确率在96%以上;重度、特重评估等级与实际等级相同的准确率为0,与实际等级相差1级的准确率为75%和0。选用2001-2020年油菜花期低温阴雨灾害发生情况对模型检验,与实际情况基本相符。(3)1961-2020年四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾害风险偏高区域主要分布于盆区西南部、南部及东北部,以中-高风险为主;灾害风险偏低的区域集中于盆区西北部及中部,以低-次低风险为主。(4)气候变暖背景下,四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾害高风险区域呈减少趋势,低风险区域呈增加趋势。综上分析,四川盆区油菜花期低温冷害指标结果可靠,低温阴雨灾损评估模型能够较好地评估灾害损失,可应用于农业气象业务服务;灾害风险区划结果可为四川油菜生产布局提供参考依据。

基于超分辨率重建与机器学习的油菜苗情监测方法

为优化养分管理和确保植株正常生长,以无人机遥感技术高效且非破坏采集田间作物苗情信息,监测油菜苗期的叶面积指数(LAI)与叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)。针对无人机因飞行高度与图像分辨率相互制约,监测效率与监测精度难以兼顾的问题,采用超分辨率重建方法,融合较低飞行高度拍摄高分辨率影像,重建较高飞行高度拍摄影像,建模完成后可通过拍摄飞行影像监测LAI和SPAD。试验设置3个氮肥梯度、3个播期、3个种植密度处理,在苗期利用无人机分别采集20m及40m 2个飞行高度的油菜苗影像,采用SRRestnet方法,对40m影像进行超分辨率重建。基于20m、40m及40m重建影像中提取的3种特征组合,利用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、随机森林(RF)、支持向量回归(SVR)3种机器学习方法对LAI和SPAD进行监测。结果表明,超分辨率重建后的图像在表型苗情监测中表现出良好效果,PLSR监测LAI、RF监测SPAD的监测精度最高,且40m重建图像的作业效率相比于20m图像提高48.6%。

中国油菜种业发展现状与对策研究

油菜种业作为食用油产业链上游的关键链条,其稳定健康发展对于保障我国植物油供给安全至关重要。该文从品种选育与保护、种子生产与推广、种子市场规模等方面对我国油菜种业发展现状进行全面阐述,深刻分析我国油菜种业发展存在的优异种质资源创新利用不足、突破性新品种缺乏、现有育种技术落后等问题,并从加大优异种质资源挖掘与创新利用、加快突破性新品种选育、加速现代油菜育种技术跨越式发展等方面提出推动我国油菜种业发展的政策建议。

强制、同意与性别平等:强奸罪入罪模式及其改革

我国刑法规定的强奸罪确立了以“强制手段”为核心要素的规范结构,可概括为强制模式。在强制手段或被害人反抗不明显的情形中,行为人违反被害人意愿实施性行为却难以受到刑法的制裁,从而使个人性自主权的保护存在重大漏洞。强制不是强奸罪不法的核心,违背他人意志才是强奸罪的本质。以同意替代强制是强奸罪法律规范发展的必然趋势。强奸罪立法的主要任务是为个体之间的性互动确立一个相对客观的、符合社会规范和性别平等价值的沟通规则。根据性互动的沟通结构及其特点,结合性互动行为的实践和不同模式的适用效果,我国宜采取修正的否定同意模式,即一般情形下适用否定同意模式,对虽然具有同意能力但其认知能力和防卫能力存在减损的脆弱人群应适用积极同意模式。

农户油菜种植意愿影响因素实证分析——基于江西省325个油菜种植户的调查数据

稳定发展油菜产业事关我国食用油安全战略,为扩大全国油菜种植面积,需要对农户油菜种植行为展开研究。基于江西省325份油菜种植户的调查数据,通过建立二元选择Logit模型,从农户生产特征、经济因素和政策因素等维度实证分析影响农户油菜种植意愿的因素。研究表明:油菜种植面积、机械化水平、菜油售价、肥田效果、旅游开发增收效果、直接补贴力度、农机补贴情况和农业保险参保情况对农户油菜种植意愿具有正向影响,种植成本和水稻补贴力度则具有负向影响。其中菜油售价、旅游开发增收效果、农机补贴情况和农业保险参保情况在1%水平上显著,机械化水平和直接补贴力度在5%水平上显著。因此,建议相关部门可从加大补贴力度、完善农业技术支持体系、推广机械化种植、提高农业保险覆盖率、开发油菜观光旅游项目等方面制定政策措施。

油菜角果叶绿素含量传感检测技术在农业信息化中的应用研究

该文研究油菜叶绿素含量传感检测技术在农业信息化中的应用,探讨其在作物生长监测、营养管理与施肥优化、病虫害预测与防控等方面的重要性。通过分析突出该技术在提高农业生产效率、实现资源精细管理方面的广泛应用。最后,该文也讨论该技术面临的测量误差与精度问题、传感器的稳定性与耐久性等挑战,期望通过不断深化研究,该技术能够更好地服务于现代农业的可持续发展与智能化管理。

延迟播种对不同熟期类型油菜新品种产量及相关因子的影响

为了探索湘东地区延迟播种对不同熟期类型油菜品种产量及相关因子的影响,选择湖南省主推的早熟型沣油112、中早熟型捷油8848、中熟型沣油789油菜新品种在浏阳北盛镇开展3个播期的生产试验。结果表明,3个播期的不同熟期品种均能于4月下旬至5月上旬成熟;3个品种M1、M2的生育期相同,而M3的熟期延迟5~7 d,其中捷油8848的3个播期生育期及积温与沣油789的相同;随着播期的推迟,各品种的株高、一次有效分枝数、有效角果数呈下降趋势;3个播期的平均单产M1低于预期、M2最高,M3最低;3个不同熟期类型品种,中熟型沣油789受播期延迟影响较大,产量水平随播期延迟而显著下降,中早熟型捷油8848对播期延迟的敏感性未达到显著水平,而早熟型沣油112以M2的产量水平最高,显著高于M1和M3。

油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作对土壤养分及甘薯的影响

为掌握油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作种植模式(T)与传统冬闲—水稻—甘薯种植模式(CK)的差异,特开展种植试验,分析甘薯收获后土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙、有效锌和有效硼的含量,甘薯可溶性糖、维生素C含量,以及大米和甘薯的硒元素含量。结果表明,与CK相比,T处理的土壤肥力和甘薯品质明显提升,其中0~20 cm土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙、有效锌和有效硼分别提升21.8%、3.2%、5.4%、28.4%、34.6%、42.5%、300.0%,20~40 cm土壤则分别提高22.8%、5.6%、14.0%、32.6%、38.0%、104.4%、325.0%;甘薯总糖、维生素C含量分别提高125.09%、16.34%。另外,通过施用富硒肥,T处理的大米和甘薯硒元素含量分别达到0.14、0.15 mg/kg。因此,油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作种植模式(T)可实现油菜绿肥还田及水稻、甘薯秸秆还田,达到改良土壤、提升甘薯品质的目标。