Study on the Rapid Method to Predict Longevity of Controlled Release Fertilizer Coated by Water Soluble Resin

The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dissolving incubation and higher temperature leaching were used to study the patterns of the nutrient release of the CRFs. The correlation analysis between the days at 25℃ and the hours at 80℃ of Trincote 1 and Trincote 2 for the same cumulative release rates were conducted. Patterns of cumulative nutrient release curve followed one factor quadratic regression equation at each given temperatures, and each of relative coefficient was bigger than 0.995. As the temperature increased, nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The longevity of resin coated CRFs were predicted by use of both the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of release time needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25 and 80℃. There were only 0.3-6.9% relative errors between the tested longevity and predicted one. In conclusion, the longevity of resin coated CRFs could be predicted more quickly and precisely by use of the higher temperature short-term leaching method than that of the traditional differential release rate. The longevity of resin coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the higher temperature shortterm leaching method.

A Rapid Method for Measuring Seed Protein Content in Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>(L.) Walp)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has been widely used to measure protein content through the percentage of total nitrogen in the seed’s grounded powder. Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) has commonly been used to measure protein content in soybean seeds using whole grain without the need of seed grinding, which makes it possible to obtain fast results at a lower cost-per-analysis than the traditional combustion method. The specific objective of this study is to test a rapid method for measuring cowpea seed protein content by the NIR analyzer comparing to the traditional rapid N analyzer. A total of 240 cowpea genotypes were used in this study, including six seed coat colors, black, blackeye, browneye, cream, pinkeye, and red with 40 cowpea genotypes. The results showed that a linear relationship exists between the NIR analyzer and the Rapid N analyzer in the six different color groups. The correlation efficiency (r) between the seed protein contents from NIR and Rapid N was higher for pinkeye seed (r = 0.867), blackeye (0.771), cream (0.729), browneye (0.700), and red (0.623), respectively, but lower for black seeds, indicating that the NIR analyzer can be used to measure protein content for cowpea seeds with the five types of seed coat except black. Overview, the cowpea seed protein content measured from the NIR analyzer showed a little higher seed protein content. A series of regression models with different seed coat color have been built to adjust to protein content of colorful cowpea seeds from the NIR analyzer. But, it is not recommended to use for black color seeds due to a very low correlation efficiency (r) value with 0.184.

Rapid diagnostic method for transplutonium isotope production in high flux reactors

Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of transplutonium isotope produc-tion using ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu as examples.Traditional methods based on the Monte Carlo burnup calculation have the limitations of many calculations and cannot analyze the individual energy intervals in detail;thus,they cannot sup-port the refined evaluation,screening,and optimization of the irradiation schemes.After understanding the physical nature and simplifying the complexity of the production process,we propose a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes based on the concepts“single energy interval value(SEIV)”and“energy spectrum total value(ESTV)”.The rapid diagnostic method not only avoids tedious burnup calculations,but also provides a direction for optimization.The optimal irradiation schemes for producing ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu are determined based on a rapid diagnostic method.Optimal irradiation schemes can significantly improve production efficiency.Compared with the initial scheme,the optimal scheme improved the production efficiency of ^(238)Pu by 7.41 times;^(242)Cm,11.98 times;^(244)Cm,65.20 times;and ^(252)Cf,15.08 times.Thus,a refined analysis of transplutonium isotope production is conducted and provides a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency.

A New Rapid and Batch-oriented Crushing Method for DNA Extraction from Maize Leaves

The crushing of leaves is the most time and effort-consuming part in DNA extraction which is a fundamental step in the study of molecular biology. In this study, a new rapid and batch-oriented crushing method for DNA extraction from maize leaves was developed. In addition, the practicability of the developed method in molecular marker-assisted breeding was verified using SSR molecular maker technology so as to provide a rapid, batch-oriented, low-cost and non-toxic leafcrushing method for a large number of molecular marker tests, improving test efficiency.

Study on a noninvasive method for rapid screening Human Serum albumin injectables by Raman spectroscopy

Human serum albumin(HSA)injectable product is a severely afflicted area on drug safety due to its high price and restricted supply.Raman spectroscopy performances high specificity on HSA detection and it is even possible to determine HSA injectable products noninvasively.In this study,we developed a noninvasive rapid screening method for of HSA injectable products by using portable Raman spectrometer.Qualitative models were established by using principal component analysis combined with classical least squares(PCA-CLS)algorithm,while quanti-tative model was established by using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm.Model transfer in different instruments of both the same and different apparatus modules was further discussed in this paper.A total of 34 HSA injectable samples collected from markets were used for verification.The identification results showed 100%accuracy and the predicted concentrations of those identified as true HSA were consistent with their labeled concentrations.The quantitative results also indicated that model transfer was excellent in the same apparatus modules of Raman spectrometer at all concentration levels,and still good enough in the different apparatus modules although the relative standard deviation(RSD)value showed a little increasing trend at low HSA concentration level.In conclusion,the method was proved to be feasible and efficient for screening HSA injections,especially on its screening speed and the consideration of glass containers.Moreover,with inspiring results on the model transfer,the method could be used as a universal screening mean to different Raman instruments.

Tire Dynamics Modeling Method Based on Rapid Test Method

Combined with the tire dynamics theoretical model,a rapid test method to obtain tire lateral and longitudinal both steady-state and transient characteristics only based on the tire quasi-steady-state test results is proposed.For steady state data extraction,the test time of the rapid test method is half that of the conventional test method.For transient tire characteristics the rapid test method omits the traditional tire test totally.At the mean time the accuracy of the two method is much closed.The rapid test method is explained theoretically and the test process is designed.The key parameters of tire are extracted and the comparison is made between rapid test and traditional test method.The result show that the identification accuracy based on the rapid test method is almost equal to the accuracy of the conventional one.Then,the heat generated during the rapid test method and that generated during the conventional test are calculated separately.The comparison shows that the heat generated during the rapid test is much smaller than the heat generated during the conventional test process.This benefits to the reduction of tire wear and the consistency of test results.Finally,it can be concluded that the fast test method can efficiently,accurately and energy-efficiently measure the steady-state and transient characteristics of the tire.

Dengue virus infection:A review of advances in the emerging rapid detection methods

Dengue virus infections are increasing worldwide generally and in Asia,Central and South America and Africa,particularly.It poses a serious threat to the children population.The rapid and accurate diagnostic systems are essentially required due to lack of effective vaccine against dengue virus and the progressive spread of the dengue virus infection.The recent progress in developing micro-and nano-fabrication techniques has led to low cost and scale down the biomedical point-of-care devices.Starting from the conventional and modern available methods for the diagnosis of dengue infection,this review examines several emerging rapid and point-of-care diagnostic devices that hold significant potential for the progress in smart diagnosis tools.The given review revealed that an effective vaccine is required urgently against all the dengue virus serotypes.However,the rapid detection methods of dengue virus help in early treatment and significantly reduce the dengue virus outbreak.

Research on a Rapid Test Method of Dry Basis Weight of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco

This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basis weight and coating ratio on line. The dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco was tested by fast method and normal oven method individually. And the effects on the test values of different test factors such as temperature, time and the number of baking sheets were studied. Then the test values of these two methods were compared, so the proper factors of rapid test method were determined. As the baking temperature rose from 130 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the baking time rose from 1 min to 2 min, the difference between fast test method and normal oven method grew, and when the number of baking pieces rose from 3 pieces to 5 pieces, the difference between the two methods went down. The optimum test condition was baking temperature of 130 ℃, baking time of 1 min, and baking sample sheet number of 5. Under this condition, the value of fast test method was the closest to the test value of normal oven method, and meanwhile, the test factor was more proper for testing on line. The study will provide a reference for online controlling of dry basis weight and coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco.

Introducing a Rapid and Safe Method for Myeloperoxidase Staining

Background: Myeloperoxidase staining is used to differentiate leukemias since several decades. Despite implementation of flow cytometric, cytogenetic and molecular techniques for identification of leukemic blasts, histochemical stains such as myeloperoxidase stain are persistently used for better classification of leukemias. The myeloperoxidase staining is a time consuming and hazardous procedure. The present report describes a sensitive, rapid and easy method for assessment of peroxidase activity. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow aspiration slides were stained with Dako product: Code number: K3467 containing DAB chromogen (3,3-diaminobenzidine in chromogen solution) and substrate buffer (Imidasole-HCL buffer, PH 7.5 containing hydrogen peroxide and an anti microbial agent) in a rapid procedure taking only ten minutes time. The staining needs no material preparation steps. Neutrophils in the slide are taken as positive control or another normal smear was costained to be used as control. All cases were followed up with flow cytometry and cytogenetic studies. Result: The reaction product of this stain is brown and granular. Promyelocytes and myelocytes are the most strongly staining cells with positive (primary) granules. Lymphoblasts are negative. The result of classification of leukemias with this technique was in concordance with flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Discussion: Many practical techniques have been described using benzidine as an indicator for myeloperoxidase staining. Benzidine is a carcinogenic material and its usage is severely restricted in laboratory. Formerly we prepared requisite materials for myeloperoxidase staining by hazardous ways (boiling), but we decided to apply ready to use 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB), which is used in final step of immunohistochemistry stains. Conclusion: Use of 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) is highly recommended for myeloperoxidase staining, while the result is extraordinary and fully compatible with flow cytometry and the method is safe and rapid.

Establishment of a Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rice Bacterial Leaf Brown Spot Disease

Rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae(Pss)is a major disease on rice.In recent years,Pss has emerged worldwide,seriously affecting rice production.It is very important to establish a rapid detection method of Pss for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.In order to robust and accurately diagnose the rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease in the field and laboratory,an assay system for the Pss was developed in this study,and the specific sequence of hrcN was used as the target,based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).The best detection system was MgSO 48 mmol·L^(-1),Bst DNA polymerase 8 U,dNTP 1.4 mmol·L^(-1),the ratio of internal and outer primers was 2:1,the reaction temperature was 63℃,the reaction time was 45 min,and the lowest sensitivity was 104 CFU·mL^(-1).This results provided an accurate and robust method for laboratory and field diagnosis of bacterial leaf brown spot disease of rice.

Enzyme Inhibition Rate Method for Rapid Detection of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides in Cowpea

[Objectives ] The paper was to explore enzyme inhibition rate method for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in cowpea. [ Methods ] Acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） was added to cowpea extract, to determine the inhibition rate of extract against enzyme. The influences of different sampiing methods and sampling parts on detection results were compared. [ Results] The positive rate of standard sampling was 18.18% higher than that of non-stand- ard sampling, and the positive rate of samples collected from cowpea tail was 16.67% higher than that collected from other parts. [ Condmions] Enzyme inhibi- tion rate method is suitable for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in cowpea.

国内外食品快速检测方法评价技术研究

相比于国外成熟的快速检测方法评价技术体系,我国的评价技术体系发展滞后且有较多问题,严重制约了快检行业的发展。本文主要从验证方法、性能指标、测试要求等方面对各个评价技术体系做了对比分析。同时梳理了国内不同监管部门的评价技术体系发展与侧重,以期为我国食品快速检测方法确认政策和技术研究提供良好的借鉴,引导食品快速检测方法及产品的评价标准进一步规范,形成完善的科学评价方法和评价技术体系,促进我国食品安全及快速检测行业的健康发展。

A Method for Rapid Determination of Polymer Dissolution Time

In view of the limited space of offshore platform and the large amount of polymer injection, the dissolution time method, solution viscosity method, conductivity method, undissolved filtration method and falling ball method are used as the rapid detection methods of polymer dissolution. The results show that the error of conductivity method is the largest, and that of dissolution time method is the second, and both methods are time-consuming. Solution viscosity method and insolubles filtration method have small error, but they are time-consuming, especially for offshore platforms, which makes detection inconvenient. The drop ball method is simple in operation and has a small error, so it is a promising method for rapid determination of polymer dissolution time.

碘量法和BOD快速测定仪测定医疗出水BOD浓度的研究

通过碘量法和BOD快速测定仪测定雅安职业技术学院医疗出水BOD浓度,探究这2种方法的差异。采取碘量法测定6份平行样品的溶解氧BOD依次为6.89、6.67、6.73、6.62、7.03、6.76 mg·L^(-1),平均值AV为6.78 mg·L^(-1),标准偏差为0.15,相对标准偏差为0.02,具有统计学意义。采取快速测定法测定6份平行样品的溶解氧BOD依次为6.55、6.45、6.72、6.66、6.54、6.78 mg·L^(-1),平均值AV为6.62 mg·L^(-1),标准偏差为0.12,相对标准偏差为0.02,具有统计学意义。结合国家《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》(GB18466—2005)的排放标准,分别采用国标GB7489—87制定的碘量法和快速检测仪对医疗排放水进行BOD检测,符合污水排放标准。从标准差数据来看,碘量法的标准差为0.151,快速测定法的标准差为0.124,2种方法相比较,快速测定法比碘量法更精确。与快速测定仪的测定步骤相比较,碘量法在测定过程中容易受到环境温度、气压、压力、实验操作误差等因素的影响,相对来说,数据波动比较大。

变压器绝缘缺陷放电发展特性及检测方法研究现状及展望

变压器爆燃事故的发生大多源于其内部绝缘缺陷的局部放电,并逐渐发展至火花放电和电弧放电,造成巨大的经济损失。研究内部放电信号特征及其快速检测方法对保障电力变压器安全可靠运行具有重要意义。国内外学者围绕变压器内部绝缘缺陷放电特性及检测方法开展了大量研究工作。为此从局部放电、火花放电和电弧放电3个阶段综述了相关研究成果,对不同放电发展阶段的脉冲电流、电磁波、声、光以及化学产物等理化特性进行了总结分析,同时概述了基于不同信号的检测方法和对检测设备的要求,并对比了不同检测方法的优缺点,最后提出了对于变压器绝缘缺陷放电发展检测的研究展望。该文对进一步深入研究油中放电信号特征提取、快速检测以及变压器主动保护技术具有指导意义。

行为研究法视角下的快速康复护理在腹腔镜胆囊结石手术病人中的应用

目的:探讨基于行为研究法的快速康复干预在腹腔镜胆囊结石手术病人中的应用效果。方法:2021年8月—2022年8月选取腹腔镜胆囊结石手术病人104例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为观察组(n=52)和对照组(n=52),对照组行常规护理,观察组实施基于行为研究法的快速康复干预,比较两组干预前后健康管理行为、术后康复情况及生活质量。结果:两组干预后健康行为量表(HPLP)评分、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组首次下床活动时间、术后首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、拔除腹腔引流管时间及住院时间均较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),观察组术后12 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、并发症发生率及术后6个月结石复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于行为研究法的快速康复干预能有效提升腹腔镜胆囊结石手术病人健康管理行为,促进病人术后康复,并能预防结石复发,改善病人生活质量。

杀菌机启车快速升温的方法及注意事项

管式杀菌机循环水的路径较长,生产前为了达到快速升温对设备杀菌消毒清洗的目的,只对加热升温段加热升温,往往在生产工艺流程上对加热循环水进行节流短路的设计,本文就此进行阐述。

滩势转移法在澜沧江急浅滩整治中的应用

急浅滩是山区河流常见的滩险类型,常规整治方法难以奏效,为此提出滩势转移的整治方法。该方法将原急滩滩势转移为新滩,形成缓流区等供船舶上行的滩段,旨在整体达到通航条件。应用河工模型试验研究手段,以澜沧江曼厅大沙坝河段的无名洲急浅滩为例,分析滩险特性和成因,指出扩大泄水断面法等常规整治方法难以整治的根由,阐明滩势转移法的基本思路、工程布置以及整治效果的分析方法,得出滩势转移法的适用条件和范围。滩势转移法适用于滩间关联性较强、常规整治方法影响大的滩群整治中,原滩整治后消滩指数X_(F)不宜过低,以0.8~1.0为宜;新滩需要较强的束水作用,但形成的急滩碍航区不能过宽,需留有上滩适航区。

单分散Al-4.5wt%Cu合金粒子的制备与凝固过程模拟

使用脉冲微孔喷射法制备了粒径可控的单分散Al-4.5wt%Cu液滴,对液滴凝固成的粒子进行分析表征。结果表明:该粒子具有粒径均一、高球形度、热履历一致的优点。随着粒径的增长,粒子的内部微观结构由胞状晶变为树枝晶。建立了粒子凝固过程的传热数值计算模型,分析了粒子下落中温度、温度梯度变化及冷却速率与粒子微观组织形貌的关系。在本实验条件下,310.0μm粒子内部凝固组织为胞状晶,冷却速率为771.71 K/s;485.1μm粒子内部凝固组织为树枝晶,冷却速率为382.40 K/s。