The purpose of our study was to establish a regeneration system for micropropagation of Populus euphratica Olivier. On the basis of an analysis of plant leaf mineral nutrients, a special medium was proposed, called MP...The purpose of our study was to establish a regeneration system for micropropagation of Populus euphratica Olivier. On the basis of an analysis of plant leaf mineral nutrients, a special medium was proposed, called MP2. In optimizing media for in vitro plant cultures including MS, B5 and MP2 media we employed hormones, auxin IAA, cytokine benzyladenine （BAP） and gibberellic acid （GA） in our factorial experiments on media. Adventitious shoots were derived from cuttings of adult plants taken from Xingii- ang, west China, on selected media with MP2^＋ 0.5 mg·L^-1BA＋0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA. The shoots were elongated on a medium with 0.25 mg·L^-1 BAP, 0.1 mg·L^-1NAA and 2 mg·L^-1 GA and were then rooted on a medium with 0.2-0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA. All the media were incorporated with 30 g·L^-1 sucrose and an adjusted pH at 6.3.展开更多
Living zygotes of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) SR-1 were isolated and cultured in vitro by the microcul-ture technique. Fertile plants were regenerated from the calli derived from cultured zygotes via organogenesis....Living zygotes of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) SR-1 were isolated and cultured in vitro by the microcul-ture technique. Fertile plants were regenerated from the calli derived from cultured zygotes via organogenesis. Ovules were collected 120 h after pollination and used as feeder. MS combined with KM8p was selected as basic medium in the experiment. Zygotes isolated from ovules 108 h after pollina-tion turned out to be suitable material for in vitro culture. Over 80% such zygotes could divide and around 10% of them could grow into calli and regenerate fertile plants.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to find the effect of three types of donor plants growing conditions （growth chamber, open space ＋ growth chambers and open space） on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration a...An experiment was conducted to find the effect of three types of donor plants growing conditions （growth chamber, open space ＋ growth chambers and open space） on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration and productive shoot regeneration from the anthers culture in vitro of four rice hybrid （1-2, 2-1, 7-1, 13-3） developed by Primorsky Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Five variants of N6 medium （N6-I, N6-2, N6-3, Mix-l, N6-4） were used as basal medium. Mean value of callus induction frequency on three types of conditions ranged from 5.68% to 9.44% and the difference was non-significantly. In general, callus derived from donor plants grown on condition of open space ＋ growth chambers showed significantly better performances for plant regeneration （0.23 green regenerants on anther and 3.77 green regenerants on callus） and productive shoot regeneration （0.06 productive regenerants on anther and 0.56 productive regenerants on callus）. Favourable conditions for donor plant growth in open space positively affect on callus induction and regenaration. It is possible to get assured results on many hybrids, but not the highest. In growth chamber, frequency of callus induction can be the maximal only on some samples, few hybrids are resulted in deficiency of callus induction.展开更多
This review summarized the recent research achievements on the process of tissue culture of the rare and endangered plant Elaeagnus mollis,including sterilizing protocols of different explants derived from adult plant...This review summarized the recent research achievements on the process of tissue culture of the rare and endangered plant Elaeagnus mollis,including sterilizing protocols of different explants derived from adult plants and seeds for tube germination,two types of plants regeneration（organ type and organ genesis type）,methods of rooting and transplanting,factors affecting culture,as well as browning and vitrification phenomena and avoiding measures.And the further biotechnology research fields of E.mollis were prospected.展开更多
Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants...Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.展开更多
Vitamins are necessary compounds synthesized and utilized in plants. In tissue culture media, vitamin addition is not always common;since the amount needed by plants is relatively unknown and varies. Vitamins, in comb...Vitamins are necessary compounds synthesized and utilized in plants. In tissue culture media, vitamin addition is not always common;since the amount needed by plants is relatively unknown and varies. Vitamins, in combination with other media constituents, have been shown to have direct and indirect effects on callus growth, somatic growth, rooting, and embryonic development. For example, different studies have shown that thiamine is associated with cytokinin and has a role in inducing callus growth and rooting. Moreover, thiamine was essential in facilitating the production of more secondary metabolites such as proteases in pineapple. Both biotin and riboflavin play a role in callus development as well. Specifically, riboflavin exerts different effects on plant rooting either positively and negatively. Vitamin D known to cause uptake of calcium in animal tissue, exerts a similar effect in plants. In addition, vitamin D causes cell elongation and meristematic cell division. Vitamin C, known for its anti-oxidative properties, has also enhanced shoot growth and rooting.展开更多
The stages of introduction in vitro culture of the local population of the kidney tea （Orthosiphon stamineus Bents） cultivated in the Georgia’s medicinal plant farm and the microclonal propagation, in particular, h...The stages of introduction in vitro culture of the local population of the kidney tea （Orthosiphon stamineus Bents） cultivated in the Georgia’s medicinal plant farm and the microclonal propagation, in particular, have been elaborated. The cultivation of explants was carried out on the Gamborg （B5） feeding area. The hormonal （BAP; Zn; NAA） composition of the feeding area and their concentrations have been selected; proliferation of buds in the basal part of the sprout has been achieved from the formed morphogenic tissue. The microclones by activating axillary meristem have been received.展开更多
The dynamic effects of Ce4+ on the syntheses of soluble protein and taxol in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cells were studied. The phenomena of 'partition' and 'bifurcation' were o...The dynamic effects of Ce4+ on the syntheses of soluble protein and taxol in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cells were studied. The phenomena of 'partition' and 'bifurcation' were observed in studying the dynamic effect of Ce4+ on soluble protein synthesis and cell activity. That is, Ce4+ of low concentration improves the soluble protein synthetic strength and cell activity, while Ce4+ of high concentration is harmful to protein synthesis and cell activity. In addition, Ce4+ of appropriate concentration enhances taxol synthesis.展开更多
In Mexico,there is a need to produce large quantities of plantlets for the establishment and replanting of blue(cv.azul)agave production areas.Most of these plots are within the origin denomination area(DOT,Spanish ac...In Mexico,there is a need to produce large quantities of plantlets for the establishment and replanting of blue(cv.azul)agave production areas.Most of these plots are within the origin denomination area(DOT,Spanish acronym)of the distilled product of this plant,known as tequila.The objective of this study was to develop an in vitropropagation protocol for Agave tequilana Weber cv.azul using segmented stems in both:solid and liquid media.A disinfection and in vitro technique were developed to obtain shoots,through plantlets collected in commercial plots,which attained 100%surface-disinfection and budding rate.At the multiplication stage,the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine(BA)(0.0,4.4 and 13.2μM)and kinetin(0.0,9.4,18.8 and 37.6μM)were evaluated on lateralshoot production of segmented sagittal stems.These were cultivated on Murashige&Skoog(MS)medium,with the addition of 3.0%sucrose and 8 g L−1 agar.It was observed that BA and kinetin increased the number of shoots per explant,obtaining up to 18 and 26,respectively.Furthermore,it was found that just the sagittal segmentation of explants increased axillary budding.On the other hand,segmented-stem bases were grown in MS liquid medium with 3.0%sucrose,inside a RITAsystem,programmed by a 5 min immersion step with a frequency of every 4 h.The effect of Indole−3-Acetic acid(IAA)(0.57,2.9,5.7μM)was evaluated,while maintaining a concentration of BA(13.2μM).It was observed that the greatest concentration of IAA led to the formation of more than 20 buds per explant.These results offer a new methodology to increase the efficiency of A.tequilana Weber cv.azul-in vitro multiplication by sagittal segmentation of stems and the addition of BA and/or IAA.展开更多
Split-root solution culture was used to study the promoting effect of lanthanum on rice (Oryza sativa) growth and its physiological mechanisms. Results sho w that low concentration (0.05～1.5 mg·L -1) increases...Split-root solution culture was used to study the promoting effect of lanthanum on rice (Oryza sativa) growth and its physiological mechanisms. Results sho w that low concentration (0.05～1.5 mg·L -1) increases rice yield an d grain numbers. High concentration depresses grain formation (9～30 mg·L -1 ) and root elongation (1.5～30 mg·L -1). No significant influence on str aw dry weight was found over the whole concentration range except the 0.05 mg·L -1 treatment. With the increase of La concentration from 0.05 to 0.75 mg· L -1, catalase (CAT) activity in the first fully expandeing leaves and root s decreases. When La concentration is greater than 0.75 mg·L -1 or less than 9 mg·L -1, it significantly decreases superoxide dismutase activity ( SOD) in the leaves and roots. No significant effects were found on chlorophyll, protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Possible mechanisms of La′s promotin g effect on rice growth and reduction effect of ·O- 2 were discussed.展开更多
文摘The purpose of our study was to establish a regeneration system for micropropagation of Populus euphratica Olivier. On the basis of an analysis of plant leaf mineral nutrients, a special medium was proposed, called MP2. In optimizing media for in vitro plant cultures including MS, B5 and MP2 media we employed hormones, auxin IAA, cytokine benzyladenine （BAP） and gibberellic acid （GA） in our factorial experiments on media. Adventitious shoots were derived from cuttings of adult plants taken from Xingii- ang, west China, on selected media with MP2^＋ 0.5 mg·L^-1BA＋0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA. The shoots were elongated on a medium with 0.25 mg·L^-1 BAP, 0.1 mg·L^-1NAA and 2 mg·L^-1 GA and were then rooted on a medium with 0.2-0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA. All the media were incorporated with 30 g·L^-1 sucrose and an adjusted pH at 6.3.
文摘Living zygotes of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) SR-1 were isolated and cultured in vitro by the microcul-ture technique. Fertile plants were regenerated from the calli derived from cultured zygotes via organogenesis. Ovules were collected 120 h after pollination and used as feeder. MS combined with KM8p was selected as basic medium in the experiment. Zygotes isolated from ovules 108 h after pollina-tion turned out to be suitable material for in vitro culture. Over 80% such zygotes could divide and around 10% of them could grow into calli and regenerate fertile plants.
文摘An experiment was conducted to find the effect of three types of donor plants growing conditions （growth chamber, open space ＋ growth chambers and open space） on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration and productive shoot regeneration from the anthers culture in vitro of four rice hybrid （1-2, 2-1, 7-1, 13-3） developed by Primorsky Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Five variants of N6 medium （N6-I, N6-2, N6-3, Mix-l, N6-4） were used as basal medium. Mean value of callus induction frequency on three types of conditions ranged from 5.68% to 9.44% and the difference was non-significantly. In general, callus derived from donor plants grown on condition of open space ＋ growth chambers showed significantly better performances for plant regeneration （0.23 green regenerants on anther and 3.77 green regenerants on callus） and productive shoot regeneration （0.06 productive regenerants on anther and 0.56 productive regenerants on callus）. Favourable conditions for donor plant growth in open space positively affect on callus induction and regenaration. It is possible to get assured results on many hybrids, but not the highest. In growth chamber, frequency of callus induction can be the maximal only on some samples, few hybrids are resulted in deficiency of callus induction.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Development Project of Education Department in Shanxi(606048)~~
文摘This review summarized the recent research achievements on the process of tissue culture of the rare and endangered plant Elaeagnus mollis,including sterilizing protocols of different explants derived from adult plants and seeds for tube germination,two types of plants regeneration（organ type and organ genesis type）,methods of rooting and transplanting,factors affecting culture,as well as browning and vitrification phenomena and avoiding measures.And the further biotechnology research fields of E.mollis were prospected.
文摘Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.
文摘Vitamins are necessary compounds synthesized and utilized in plants. In tissue culture media, vitamin addition is not always common;since the amount needed by plants is relatively unknown and varies. Vitamins, in combination with other media constituents, have been shown to have direct and indirect effects on callus growth, somatic growth, rooting, and embryonic development. For example, different studies have shown that thiamine is associated with cytokinin and has a role in inducing callus growth and rooting. Moreover, thiamine was essential in facilitating the production of more secondary metabolites such as proteases in pineapple. Both biotin and riboflavin play a role in callus development as well. Specifically, riboflavin exerts different effects on plant rooting either positively and negatively. Vitamin D known to cause uptake of calcium in animal tissue, exerts a similar effect in plants. In addition, vitamin D causes cell elongation and meristematic cell division. Vitamin C, known for its anti-oxidative properties, has also enhanced shoot growth and rooting.
文摘The stages of introduction in vitro culture of the local population of the kidney tea （Orthosiphon stamineus Bents） cultivated in the Georgia’s medicinal plant farm and the microclonal propagation, in particular, have been elaborated. The cultivation of explants was carried out on the Gamborg （B5） feeding area. The hormonal （BAP; Zn; NAA） composition of the feeding area and their concentrations have been selected; proliferation of buds in the basal part of the sprout has been achieved from the formed morphogenic tissue. The microclones by activating axillary meristem have been received.
文摘The dynamic effects of Ce4+ on the syntheses of soluble protein and taxol in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cells were studied. The phenomena of 'partition' and 'bifurcation' were observed in studying the dynamic effect of Ce4+ on soluble protein synthesis and cell activity. That is, Ce4+ of low concentration improves the soluble protein synthetic strength and cell activity, while Ce4+ of high concentration is harmful to protein synthesis and cell activity. In addition, Ce4+ of appropriate concentration enhances taxol synthesis.
文摘In Mexico,there is a need to produce large quantities of plantlets for the establishment and replanting of blue(cv.azul)agave production areas.Most of these plots are within the origin denomination area(DOT,Spanish acronym)of the distilled product of this plant,known as tequila.The objective of this study was to develop an in vitropropagation protocol for Agave tequilana Weber cv.azul using segmented stems in both:solid and liquid media.A disinfection and in vitro technique were developed to obtain shoots,through plantlets collected in commercial plots,which attained 100%surface-disinfection and budding rate.At the multiplication stage,the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine(BA)(0.0,4.4 and 13.2μM)and kinetin(0.0,9.4,18.8 and 37.6μM)were evaluated on lateralshoot production of segmented sagittal stems.These were cultivated on Murashige&Skoog(MS)medium,with the addition of 3.0%sucrose and 8 g L−1 agar.It was observed that BA and kinetin increased the number of shoots per explant,obtaining up to 18 and 26,respectively.Furthermore,it was found that just the sagittal segmentation of explants increased axillary budding.On the other hand,segmented-stem bases were grown in MS liquid medium with 3.0%sucrose,inside a RITAsystem,programmed by a 5 min immersion step with a frequency of every 4 h.The effect of Indole−3-Acetic acid(IAA)(0.57,2.9,5.7μM)was evaluated,while maintaining a concentration of BA(13.2μM).It was observed that the greatest concentration of IAA led to the formation of more than 20 buds per explant.These results offer a new methodology to increase the efficiency of A.tequilana Weber cv.azul-in vitro multiplication by sagittal segmentation of stems and the addition of BA and/or IAA.
文摘Split-root solution culture was used to study the promoting effect of lanthanum on rice (Oryza sativa) growth and its physiological mechanisms. Results sho w that low concentration (0.05～1.5 mg·L -1) increases rice yield an d grain numbers. High concentration depresses grain formation (9～30 mg·L -1 ) and root elongation (1.5～30 mg·L -1). No significant influence on str aw dry weight was found over the whole concentration range except the 0.05 mg·L -1 treatment. With the increase of La concentration from 0.05 to 0.75 mg· L -1, catalase (CAT) activity in the first fully expandeing leaves and root s decreases. When La concentration is greater than 0.75 mg·L -1 or less than 9 mg·L -1, it significantly decreases superoxide dismutase activity ( SOD) in the leaves and roots. No significant effects were found on chlorophyll, protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Possible mechanisms of La′s promotin g effect on rice growth and reduction effect of ·O- 2 were discussed.
