Protective effect of camellia oil on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes of rats

Objective: To explore the protective effect of camellia oil against H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Methods: CCK8 method was used to detect the cell survival rate of H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with different concentrations of H2O2. Normal cultured cells were used as the blank control group, and the cells were treated with 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h. An oxidative stress injury model was constructed as the model group. The cells were pretreated with 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% camellia oil for 24 h, and then H2O2 was added for 24 h as the experimental group. The β-galactosidase senescence staining assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, EdU cell proliferation staining assay and scratch assay were used to observe the changes of cell senescence, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation, apoptosis and migration in each group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the cells in each group were detected by using the kit. Results: The cell viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with different concentrations of H2O2 was inhibited and positively correlated with the concentration of H2O2 (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the positive rate of cell senescence, MDA content and LDH activity increased in the H2O2 model group (P<0.01);mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular value-added rate, migration rate and SOD activity decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the H2O2 model group, the positive rate of cellular senescence (P<0.01 or P<0.05), MDA content and LDH activity decreased (P< 0.01 or P<0.05);mitochondrial membrane potential increased, cell proliferation rate and migration rate increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the experimental group. Conclusion: Camellia oil can significantly inhibit oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cells and exert cardiomyocyte protective effects.

Advanced treatment of oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding by UV/H_2O_2/O_3 and fine filtration

In order to purify oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding （ORWPF） in tertiary oil recovery in oil fields, advanced treatment of UV/H2O2/O3 and fine filtration were investigated. The experimental results showed that polyacrylamide and oil remaining in ORWPF after the conventional treatment process could be effectively removed by UV/H2O2/O3 process. Fine filtration gave a high performance in eliminating suspended solids. The treated ORWPF can meet the quality requirement of the wastewater-bearing polymer injection in oilfield and be safely re-injected into oil reservoirs for oil recovery.

Preparation of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers with high aspect ratios in presence of a minor amount of CuCl_2·2H_2O

In order to produceα-calcium sulfate hemihydrate(α-CaSO4·0.5H2O)whiskers with high aspect ratios,a minor amount of CuCl2·2H2O was used as the modifying agent in the process of hydrothermal treatment of calcium sulfate dihydrate(CaSO4·2H2O)precursor.The presence of 2.60×10–3 mol/L CuCl2·2H2O resulted in the increase of the aspect ratios ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers from 81 to 253.The preferential adsorption of Cu2+on the negative{110}and{100}facets ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O crystal structures was confirmed by EDS and XPS.And ATR-FTIR demonstrated the ligand adsorption of Cu2+on the surface ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers.The experimental results reveal that the whiskers with high aspect ratios are attributed to the adsorption of Cu2+,which promotes the 1-D growth ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers along the c axis.

Predictive Model for Corrosion Rate of Oil Tubes in CO_2/H_2S Coexistent Environment Part Ⅰ: Building of Model

Based on an analysis of the existing models of CO 2 corrosion in literatures and the autoclave simulative experiments, a predictive model of corrosion rate (r corr) in CO 2/H 2S corrosion for oil tubes has been established, in which r corr is expressed as a function of pH, temperature (T), pressure of CO 2 (P CO 2) and pressure of H 2S (P H 2S). The model has been verified by experimental data obtained on N80 steel. The improved features of the predictive model include the following aspects: (1) The influence of temperature on the protectiveness of corrosion film is taken into consideration for establishment of predictive model of the r corr in CO 2/H 2S corrosion. The Equations of scale temperature and scale factor are put forward, and they fit the experimental result very well. (2) The linear relationship still exists between ln r corr and ln P CO 2 in CO 2/H 2S corrosion (as same as that in CO 2 corrosion). Therefore, a correction factor as a function of P H 2S has been introduced into the predictive model in CO 2/H 2S corrosion. (3) The model is compatible with the main existing models.

Contacted Ion Pairs in Aqueous CuCl2 by the Combination of Ratio Spectra, Difference Spectra, Second Order Difference Spectra in the UV-Visible Spectra

The microstructure of aqueous CuCl2 has been studied through lots of technologies for many years; however, it remains a controversial subject. In this study, a new spectroscopic method has been proposed to analyze the UV-visible spectra of thin fihn of CuCl2/H2O solutions at different concentrations. This method is the combination of ratio spectra, difference spectra and second order difference spectra. By using this method, two new bands at -230 and -380 nm are obviously observed. The bands are assigned as the contacted ion pairs [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2-, which demonstrates that ion pairs exist in the CuCl2/H2O solution. Such finding agrees with the recent theoretical spectra obtained by time-dependent density functional theory. Furthermore, the populations of the contacted ion pairs are discussed. This study not only offers the direct spectroscopic evidence of [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2- in aqueous CuCl2, but also suggests that the spec- troscopic analysis method is powerful to extract the weak bands in a strong overlapping spectrum.

Corrosion Rate of Hydrogenation to C110 Casing in High H_2S Environment

The corrosion behavior of C110 bushing at high temperature and high pressure with a high H2S / CO2 was studied, and a basis for the materials selection of sour gas well bushing was provided in H2S, CO2 and saline coexisting environment. Under acidic condiction, hydrogen atoms greatly entered into the material and caused the material properties changed. Weight loss method was used to study the corrosion rate of hydrogen charging samples and original untreated samples in simulated oil field environment. PAR2273 electrochemical workstation was used to examine the electrochemical performance of samples untreated, hydrogen charging after reacting in autoclave. The corrosion product film was observed through SEM. The experimental results show that sample with hydrogen charging has a much more obvious partial corrosion and pitting corrosion than the untreated blank sample even the downhole corrosion speed of bushing is increased after being used for a period of time. Polarization curve shows the corrosion tendency is the same between sample with or without hydrogen charging and corrosion tendency is reduced by corrosion product film. A layer of dense product film formed on the surface of samples provides a certain protective effect to the matrix, but cracked holes which will accelerate partial corrosion of the sample were also observed.

Solubility and mass transfer of H2, CH4, and their mixtures in vacuum gas oil: An experimental and modeling study

In this work,the solubility data and liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients of hydrogen(H2),methane(CH4)and their mixtures in vacuum gas oil(VGO)at temperatures(353.15-453.15 K)and pressures(1-7 MPa)were measured,which are necessary for catalytic cracking process simulation and design.The solubility of H2 and CH4 in VGO increases with the increase of pressure,but decreases with the increase of temperature.Henry’s constants of H2 and CH4 follow the relation of In H=-413.05/T+5.27 and In H=-990.67/T+5.87,respectively.The molar fractions of H2 and system pressures at different equilibrium time were measured to estimate the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients.The results showed that with the increase of pressure,the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients increase.Furthermore,the solubility of H2 and CH4 in VGO was predicted by the predictive COSMO-RS model,and the predicted values agree well with experimental data.In addition,the gas-liquid equilibrium(GLE)for H2+CH4+VGO system at different feeding gas ratios in volume fraction(i.e.,H285%+CH415%and H290%+CH410%)was measured.The selectivity of H2 to CH4 predicted by the COSMO-RS model agrees well with experimental data.This work provides the basic thermodynamic and dynamic data for fuel oil catalytic cracking processes.

Ab initio Study of the Potential Energy Surface and Product Branching Ratios for Reaction of O（^1D） with C2H5CI

The potential energy surface of O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction was studied using QCISD（T）/6- 311＋＋G（d,p）//MP2/6-31G（d,p） method. The calculations reveal an insertion-elimination mechanism. The insertion reaction of O（^1D） and C2H5Cl produces two energy-rich intermediates, IM1 and IM2, which subsequently decompose into various products. The calculations of the branching ratios of various products formed through the two intermediates were carried out using RRKM （Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus） theory at the collision energies of 0, 20.9, 41.8, 62.7, 83.6, 104.5, and 125.4 kJ/mol. HCl is the main decomposition product for IM1; CH2OH is the main decomposition product for IM2. Since IM1 is more stable than IM2, HCl is probably the main product of the O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction.

Correlations between Mineral Nitrogen Contents and Vertical Distribution of N20 Emission Potentials in Tropical Peat Soils Transformed into Oil Palm Plantations in Sarawak, Malaysia

Tropical peat swamp forest beds that have been reclaimed for agricultural use are generally an active source of nitrous oxide （N2O） efflux, however, the mechanism by which reclaimed tropical peat soils promote the emergence of N2O emitters in soil microbial communities remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal the vertical distribution of N2O emission potential and its correlation with mineral nitrogen contents in reclaimed soils. Using a culture-based N2O emission assay, the N2O emission potentials of soil at various depths （0-450 cm） were investigated in two oil palm plantations in Sarawak, Malaysia, which had elapsed times of two years （E2Y） and 10 years （El 0Y） after deforestation, respectively. On the basis of the relationship between the vertical profiles of N2O emission potentials and the contents of mineralized nitrogen in the peat soils at various depths, the impact of land management on soil microbial communities was discussed. The peat soil at plantation site E2Y showed a trend of high N2O production in deep layers （200-400 cm）, whereas the older plantation site E10Y showed considerably more active N2O emission in shallow soil （10-50 cm）. N2O emission potentials among the soil microbial communities at different soil depths at the E10Y site showed positive correlations with NO3- and NH4＋ contents, whereas, soils obtained from the E2Y site had N2O emission potentials that were inversely proportional to the contents of NO3-. This contrasting vertical correlation between N2O-emitting potentials and mineralized nitrogen contents in bulk soils suggests that active N2O emission in deep soil at the E2Y site has maintained the original carbon-nitrogen （C/N） ratio of the peat soil, whereas at EIOY, such a regulatory system has been lost due to advanced soil degradation, leading to dynamic changes in the nitrogen cycle in shallow soil.

Distribution and treatment of harmful gas from heavy oil production in the Liaohe Oilfield, Northeast China

The distribution and treatment of harmful gas （H2S） in the Liaohe Oilfield, Northeast China, were investigated in this study. It was found that abundant toxic gas （H2S） is generated in thermal recovery of heavy oil. The H2S gas is mainly formed during thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） occurring in oil reservoirs or the thermal decomposition of sulfocompounds （TDS） in crude oil. H2S generation is controlled by thermal recovery time, temperature and the injected chemical compounds. The quantity of SO4^2- in the injected compounds is the most influencing factor for the rate of TSR reaction. Therefore, for prevention of H2S formation, periodic and effective monitoring should be undertaken and adequate H2S absorbent should also be provided during thermal recovery of heavy oil. The result suggests that great efforts should be made to reduce the SO4^2- source in heavy oil recovery, so as to restrain H2S generation in reservoirs. In situ burning or desulfurizer adsorption are suggested to reduce H2S levels. Prediction and prevention of H2S are important in heavy oil production. This will minimize environmental and human health risks, as well as equipment corrosion.

Influence of formation heterogeneity on foam flooding performance using 2D and 3D models:an experimental study

The formation heterogeneity is considered as one of the major factors limiting the application of foam flooding.In this paper,influences of formation properties,such as permeability,permeability distribution,interlayer,sedimentary rhythm and 3D heterogeneity,on the mobility control capability and oil displacement efficiency of foam flooding,were systematically investigated using 2D homogeneous and 2D/3D heterogeneous models under 120°C and salinity of 20×10~4 mg/L.The flow resistance of foam was promoted as the permeability increased,which thus resulted in a considerable oil recovery behavior.In the scenario of the vertical heterogeneous formations,it was observed that the permeability of the high-permeable layer was crucial to foam mobility control,and the positive rhythm appeared favorable to improve the foam flooding performance.The additional oil recovery increased to about 40%.The interlayer was favorable for the increases in mobility reduction factor and oil recovery of foam flooding when the low permeability ratio was involved.For the 3D heterogeneous formations,foam could efficiently adjust the areal and vertical heterogeneity through mobility control and gravity segregation,and thus enhancing the oil recovery to 11%–14%.The results derived from this work may provide some insight for the field test designs of foam flooding.

Synthesis of silica/metatitanic acid nanocomposite and evaluation of its catalytic performance for aquathermolysis reaction of extra-heavy crude oil

A lipophilic silica/metatitantic acid（denoted as Si O2/H2 TiO 3） nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction with surface-modified Si O2 as the lipophilic carrier. As-synthesized Si O2/H2 TiO 3nanocomposite was used as a catalyst to promote the aquathermolysis reaction of extra-heavy crude oil thereby facilitating the recovering from the deep reservoirs at lowered temperature. The catalytic performance of the as-synthesized Si O2/H2 TiO 3catalyst for the aquathermolysis reaction of the heavy oil at a moderate temperature of 150 °C was evaluated in relation to the structural characterizations by TEM,FTIR,XRD and FESEM as well as the determination of the specific surface area by N2adsorption–desorption method. Findings indicate that as-synthesized Si O2/H2 TiO 3nanocomposite exhibits an average size of about 20 nm as well as good lipophilicity and dispersibility in various organic solvents; and it shows good catalytic performance for the aquathermolysis reaction of the extra-heavy oil extracted from Shengli Oilfield of China. Namely,the assynthesized Si O2/H2 TiO 3catalyst is capable of significantly reducing the viscosity of the tested heavy oil from58,000 c P to 16,000 c P（referring to a viscosity reduction rate of 72.41%） at a mass fraction of 0.5%,a reaction temperature of 150 °C and a reaction time of 36 h,showing potential application in downhole upgrading heavy crude oils.

CO_2/H_2S对油气管材的腐蚀规律

综述了CO2 、H2 S对油气管材的腐蚀机理及影响因素 ,提出了开发经济型油管的设想。

糖尿病视网膜病变患者餐后2 h血糖升高对眼底图像中动静脉宽度比的影响

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)升高对眼底图像中动静脉宽度比(AVR)的影响。方法选取DR患者316例,均行标准75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)检测空腹血糖(FPG)和餐后2 h PG,根据餐后血糖变化幅度(2 h PG-FPG)将所有研究对象按三分位分为3组,低分位组(G1)104例、中分位组(G2)108例及高分位组(G3)104例。测量各组眼底图像中AVR水平,采用Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归分析DR患者AVR的影响因素。结果 (1)G3组和G2组餐后2 h PG、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)及稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均高于G1组,且G3组餐后2 h PG和Hb A1c高于G2组;G3组和G2组2 h AVR较G1组降低,G3组较G2组降低(P<0.05),而各组间空腹AVR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)Pearson相关分析显示,AVR与FPG、餐后2 h PG、Hb A1c、收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)均呈负相关(P<0.05);(3)多元线性回归分析显示,餐后2 h PG为DR患者AVR的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论餐后2 h PG升高可能会导致AVR降低,对DR患者应动态观察AVR的变化,对判断DR的严重程度具有意义。

超临界CO_(2)/H_(2)O混合流体吞吐提高页岩油采收率实验研究

针对页岩储层压裂后一次衰竭开发原油采收率低的问题,基于页岩储层的低孔、超低渗透特征,提出了超临界CO_(2)/H_(2)O混合流体吞吐提高页岩油采收率实验方法。通过自主设计的室内岩心实验评价超临界CO_(2)/H_(2)O混合流体吞吐页岩油的效果,并对实验过程中注入介质、焖井时间、注入压力、吞吐轮次对提高采收率的影响规律进行研究,同时通过核磁共振技术明确超临界CO_(2)/H_(2)O混合流体对不同孔隙类型中原油的动用程度。结果表明:超临界CO_(2)/H_(2)O混合流体吞吐可以有效提高页岩油采收率;对于物性较差的页岩岩心,焖井时间对提高采收率有较大影响;注入压力与超临界CO_(2)/H_(2)O混合流体的扩散速度和渗流能力密切相关,混相条件下提高采收率效果显著;增加吞吐轮次大孔隙中的原油动用效果较好,但无法通过增加吞吐轮次动用更多微小孔隙中的原油。

TNF-α促进HepG2肝细胞脂质积聚及其机制的初步研究

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)是否能够促进肝细胞脂质积聚,并对其机制进行初步探讨。方法将HepG2肝细胞分为空白对照组、单纯TNF-α组(TNF-α2ng/mL或20ng/mL)、软脂酸组(软脂酸0.08mmol/L或0.2mmol/L)及联合组(TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L、TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L),处理24h,应用化学酶促-比色法定量检测细胞内TG含量。进一步选取TNF-α20ng/mL和软脂酸0.08mmol/L,通过油红O染色观察HepG2细胞内脂质积聚情况;实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测HepG2细胞SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达水平。结果①单纯TNF-α组TG含量[TNF-α2ng/mL组(0.344±0.093)μg/μg、TNF-α20ng/mL组(0.329±0.068)μg/μg]分别较空白对照组[(0.192±0.048)μg/μg]显著升高(P<0.05);联合组[TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L组(0.451±0.096)μg/μg、TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L组(0.821±0.257)μg/μg、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L组(1.032±0.286)μg/μg、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L组(2.134±1.049)μg/μg]分别较软脂酸组[软脂酸0.08mmol/L组(0.247±0.069)μg/μg、软脂酸0.2mmol/L组(0.341±0.031)μg/μg]显著升高(P<0.05);②油红O染色进一步显示,TNF-α促进肝细胞内脂质积聚。③实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测结果显示单纯TNF-α组与空白对照组相比,HepG2细胞SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达均增加(P<0.05);联合组与软脂酸组相比,肝细胞内SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论TNF-α促进HepG2肝细胞内脂质积聚,增加SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达。

CO_(2) hydrogenation selectivity shift over In‐Co binary oxides catalysts:Catalytic mechanism and structure‐property relationship

The hydrogenation of CO_(2) into methanol has attracted much attention and In_(2)O_(3) is a promising catalyst.Introducing metal elements into In_(2)O_(3)(M/In_(2)O_(3))is one of the main strategies to improve its performance.However,its mechanism and active sites remain unclear and need to be further elucidated.Here,the noble‐metal‐free In_(x)‐Co_(y) oxides catalysts were prepared.Much‐improved performance and obvious product selectivity shift were observed.The optimized catalyst(In_(1)‐Co_(4))(9.7 mmol g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1))showed five times methanol yields than pure In_(2)O_(3)(2.2 mmol g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1))(P=4.0 MPa,T=300°C,GHSV=24000 cm^(3)_(STP) g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1),H_(2):CO_(2)=3).And the cobalt‐catalyzed CO_(2) methanation activity was suppressed,although cobalt was most of the metal element.To unravel this selectivity shift,detailed catalysts performance evaluation,together with several in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations,were employed on cobalt and In‐Co for comparative study.The results indicated CO_(2) hydrogenation on cobalt and In‐Co catalyst both followed the formate pathway,and In‐Co reconstructed and generated a surface In_(2)O_(3)‐enriched core‐shell‐like structure under a reductive atmosphere.The enriched In_(2)O_(3) at the surface significantly enhanced CO_(2) adsorption capacity and well stabilized the intermediates of CO_(2) hydrogenation.CO_(2) and carbon‐containing intermediates adsorbed much stronger on In‐Co than cobalt led to a feasible surface C/H ratio,thus allowing the*CH_(3)O to desorb to produce CH_(3)OH instead of being over‐hydrogenated to CH_(4).

Optical Characterization of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon(a-C:H)Thin Films Prepared by Single RF Plasma Method

Methane （CH4） plasma was used to produce amorphous hydrogenated carbon （a- C：H） films by a single capacitively coupled radio frequency （RF） powered plasma system. The system consists of two parallel electrodes： the upper electrode is connected to 13.56 MHz RF power and the lower one is connected to the ground. Thin films were deposited on glass slides with different sizes and on silicon wafers. The influence of the plasma species on film characteristics was studied by changing the plasma parameters. The changes of plasma species during the deposition were investigated by optical emission spectroscopy （OES）. The structural and optical properties were analyzed via Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and UV-visible spectroscopy, and the thicknesses of the samples were measured by a profilometer. The sp3/sp2 ratio and the existing H atoms play a significant role in the determination of the chemical properties of thin films in the plasma. The film quality and deposition rate were both increased by raising the power and the flow rate.

Catalytic Pyrolyses of Rayon and the Effect on Activated Carbon Fiber

The catalytic pyrolyses of rayon have been studied respectively by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) when rayon was treated with phosphoric acid (PA), three ammonium phosphate salts and ammonium sulfate (AS). The air is favorable to the catalysis of dibasic ammonium phosphate (DAP), but not to those of ADP, PA, AP, and AS obviously. It is put forward that a peak’s shape character can be described with the ratio of height to half-height-width (H/W /2) of the peak on a differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curve. A flat cracking peak, presenting a more moderate dehydration reaction, has a smaller ratio and could lead to higher carbonization and activation yields. The experimental results prove this view. According to expectation, the order of catalysis is: DAP≥ADP>PA> APAS no catalyst.

A NEW METHOD OF COMPUTING MULTI-COMPONENT E-pH DIAGRAMS

Aqueous E pH Diagram is an essential tool for analyzing hydrometallurgical and corrosion processes. Due to the requirements for environmental protection and energy saving in recent years, waste water processing and hydrometallurgical process of concentrate have been greatly developed. The construction of E pH diagrams has turned to multi component systems. However, there are some limits in plotting such diagrams. There is only one diagram for one multi component system, which can not reflect the truth of the aqueous reaction. In the paper, a new computation method is proposed to construct E pH diagrams. Component activity term is used to determine the boundary of stable areas. For the multi component systems, different atom ratios of elements have been taken into account. M S H 2O system is chosen to study since it is of importance in metallurgical solution. Compared with conventional methods, the algorithm is simple and conforms to real conditions.