Humic Acid Effects on Reducing Corn Leaf Burn Caused by Foliar Spray of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate at Different Humic Acid/Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Ratios

Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.

Effects of Regulation of C/N Ratio Wheat Straw Application on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Tobacco

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.

Concentrations of foliar and surface soil in nutrients Pinus spp. plantations in relation to species and stand age in Zhanggutai sandy land, northeast China

The concentrations of the foliar and surface soil nutrients and the variation with species and stand age were studied inPinus spp. plantations in Zhanggutai area, northeast China. The results showed that the total N, total P and C: N ratio of the soil inP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands were significantly higher in comparison with those inP. tabulaeformis andP. densiflora stands. ForP. sylvestris var.mongolica, the foliar P concentration appeared to decrease with age, and the foliar N and K concentrations did not show a consistent change with age. As for the different tree species of the similar age, the foliar N and P concentrations were significantly different (p<0.05), being withP. sylvestris var.mongolica>P. densiflora>P. tabulaeformis. The foliar N: P ratio ofP. densiflora significantly was higher thanP. sylvestris var.mongolica andP. tabulaeformis, while the foliar K was no obvious difference between the three tree species. There were significant correlation (p<0.05) between soil total N and P, soil organic matter and total P, foliar N and P, but it did not show significant correlations between soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, which might attribute to the excessive litter raking, overgrazing and low soil moisture in this area. Based on the foliar N: P ratio, we introduced a combination threshold index of N: P ratio with their absolute foliar nutrient concentrations to determine the possible limiting nutrient. According to the critical N: P ratio and their absolute foliar N, P concentrations, theP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands showed a decreased N limitation degree with age, theP. densiflora stands showed unlimited by N and P in the whole, and theP. tabulaeformis stands showed co-limited by N and P. No significant difference in soil nutrient concentrations of the surface soils was found between 45, 29, 20-yr-oldPinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation stands. Keywords coniferous trees - foliar nutrient concentration - limiting nutrients - N - P ratio - Zhanggutai sandy land CLC number S718.55 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0011-08 Foundation item: This research was supported by Key Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX3-SW-418) of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: CHEN Guang-sheng (1978-), male, master candidate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

减氮对华北地区麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机理

【目的】探究减氮对华北地区麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机制。【方法】冬小麦季和夏玉米季均以不施氮为对照(CK),设置2个施氮量,分别为常规施氮量(纯氮300 kg/hm2,N2)、减氮20%(纯氮240 kg/hm2,N1),研究施氮量对麦玉轮作农田土壤性质及N2O排放通量影响,基于逐步回归分析,研究减氮对麦玉轮作农田土壤N2O排放调控机制。【结果】(1)减氮有效降低了N2O排放通量,且夏玉米季N2O排放通量远高于冬小麦季,夏玉米季由施肥引起的N2O排放量较高。(2)冬小麦季N2O排放通量与环境因子逐步回归公式为:N2O排放通量=181.952+1.450×硝态氮+8.401×铵态氮-0.514×电导率;硝态氮、铵态氮会对冬小麦季N2O排放通量产生显著的正向影响,而电导率会对冬小麦季N2O排放通量产生显著的负向影响。(3)夏玉米季N2O排放通量与环境因子逐步回归公式为:N2O排放通量=-354.606+4.592×硝态氮+157.848×铵态氮;硝态氮、铵态氮会对夏玉米季N2O排放通量产生显著的正向影响。【结论】综上可知,适量减氮显著降低夏玉米季N2O累积排放量和增温潜势,应加强夏玉米季农田水肥管理。

CuO掺杂C_(3)N对C_(5)F_(10)O分解组分吸附性能的第一性原理研究

全氟五碳酮(C_(5)F_(10)O)作为可替代SF_(6)的新型环保绝缘气体已被投入到实际应用中.当绝缘设备内部发生局部放电等故障时,C_(5)F_(10)O会分解产生弱绝缘性的CF_(4)、C_(2)F_(6)以及剧毒的CF_(2)O、HF等有害组分,为保证绝缘设备的安全运行,需有选择地通过吸附去除这些分解组分.新型类石墨烯C_(3)N材料在气体吸附领域具有良好的应用前景,文中基于第一性原理计算了CuO分子掺杂C_(3)N对主要分解组分CF_(4)、C_(2)F_(6)及剧毒产物CF_(2)O、HF的吸附过程,计算并分析了各分解组分吸附时的吸附能、态密度、电荷转移量、差分电荷密度以及不同环境温度下的恢复时间.结果表明,CuO-C_(3)N对HF表现出良好的吸附性,CF_(2)O次之,但其无法吸附CF_(4)与C_(2)F_(6),因此CuO-C_(3)N可以作为一种高性能的气体吸附剂对C_(5)F_(10)O绝缘设备内的剧毒分解组分HF进行吸附去除.

急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平及对预后的预测价值研究

目的探讨并分析急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血清纤维蛋白原/白蛋白值(FAR)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GGT),N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平对预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的实施PCI的急性NSTEMI患者93例,根据术后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况将其分为MACE组(n=21)及无MACE组(n=72)。比较术前、术后30 d MACE组及无MACE组血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析对影响急性NSTEMI患者术后30 d MACE发生的危险因素进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平对急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的预测价值。结果MACE组年龄为(65.37±3.46)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级11例;病变支数双支5例,3支16例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.87±0.55)%、(53.27±3.06)U/L、(914.35±84.35)ng/mL。无MACE组的年龄为(58.71±2.86)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级27例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例;病变支数为双支53例,3支19例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.12±0.51)%、(44.33±3.35)U/L、(656.82±75.63)ng/mL。MACE组和无MACE组的年龄、Killip分级、病变支数及术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组性别、吸烟史、高血压史、高血脂史、糖尿病史及术前1 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP升高均为影响急性期NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.074、2.686、3.340,P均<0.05)。ROC结果显示血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP及其联合检测预测急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.681、0.690、0.733和0.790,联合检测的AUC更高(P<0.05)。结论血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平升高增加了急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后MACE的发生风险,三者联合检测对患者术后不良预后有一定预测价值。

(H_(2)O)_(n)^(+)(n=2~5)团簇离子在308 nm处的光解动力学

本文利用一套高分辨圆柱形低温离子阱速度成像谱仪装置研究了小团簇离子(H_(2)O)_(n)^(+)(n=2-5)在308 nm处的光解动力学.通过记录光解产物碎片质谱和速度影像,发现二聚体水团簇(H_(2)O)_(2)^(+)解离生成H_(3)O^(+)和H_(2)O^(+)光碎片,表明其同时存在质子转移(H_(3)O^(+)-OH)和半束缚(H_(2)O-OH_(2))+两种构型,水团簇离子(H_(2)O)_(n)^(+)(n=3~5)普遍通过同时丢失OH和H_(2)O部分解离得到H+(H_(2)O)_(n-2,…,1)光碎片,并且(H_(2)O)_(5)^(+)团簇离子有一个仅通过丢失OH的额外通道得到H+(H_(2)O)4.前者表明(H_(2)O)_(n)^(+)(n=3~5)的构型是(H_(2)O)_(n-2)H_(3)O^(+)OH,后者表明在(H_(2)O)_(5)^(+)团簇离子中核H_(3)O^(+)和OH被H_(2)O分开.基于实验影像得到的光碎片各向异性参数为负值并且值较小,表明(H_(2)O)_(n)^(+)(n=2~5)团簇离子在光子吸收后经历垂直电子跃迁,随后缓慢解离,并导致光碎片的高内部激发.

CpOGA^(D298N)与核心链霉亲和素Stv13融合表达用于检测蛋白质O⁃GlcNAc修饰

氧连接的β-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺修饰(O-GlcNAc修饰)是一种发生在蛋白质丝氨酸、苏氨酸羟基上的一种动态、可逆的翻译后修饰。O-GlcNAc修饰在细胞的许多关键过程中发挥重要作用,也是研究阿尔茨海默病和糖尿病等的重要途径,但是常用于O-GlcNAc蛋白检测的抗体特异性或者检测分子量范围仍存在问题且耗时(~36 h)过长,对后续研究造成困扰。在本研究中,我们设计构建了产气荚膜梭菌OGA(O-GlcNAcase)突变体(CpOGA^(D298N))与核心链霉亲和素Stv13融合表达质粒pET28a-CpOGA^(D298N)-Stv13。将质粒pET28a-CpOGA^(D298N)-Stv13转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,获得了融合蛋白质CpOGA^(D298N)-Stv13。通过CpOGA^(D298N)特异性结合O-GlcNAc的能力及生物素-亲和素特异性亲和作用,设计了Far-Western blot(Far-WB)用于检测蛋白质O-GlcNAc修饰,利用sOGT(short form O-GlcNAc transferase)、去O-GlcNAc修饰sOGT、细胞裂解液样本及人肝细胞核因子1A(hepatocyte fuclear factor 1A,HNF1A)对该方法进行验证。本研究成功构建了一种蛋白质O-GlcNAc修饰检测方法,耗时相对O-GlcNAc特异性抗体缩短至5~7 h,丰富了蛋白质O-GlcNAc修饰的检测方法,为其后续研究奠定了基础。

O⁃连接⁃N⁃乙酰葡糖胺糖基化蛋白质的富集方法

O-连接-N-乙酰葡糖胺(O-GlcNAc)糖基化修饰是将N-乙酰葡萄糖胺添加到细胞核和细胞质蛋白质的丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基上的一种丰富的、独特的翻译后修饰,与癌症、神经退行性病变和糖尿病等疾病密切相关。明确O-GlcNAc修饰位点是探究其在相关疾病中调控机制的前提,同时也是临床诊断和靶向干预的关键。本文介绍了近年来O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰与疾病之间的关系以及相关修饰位点的富集方法,包括抗体和凝集素、化学酶法、亲水作用液相色谱法和非天然糖代谢标记等;此外,“凹凸理论”、“定点活化”等靶向标记特定组织内蛋白质的糖基化修饰策略已成为当前研究热点,同时基于“一石多鸟”的多功能酶法标记,以及“一锅法”分析多种糖链结构等方法也将极大促进糖蛋白组学的快速发展。总之,开发更加高效、特异的糖蛋白富集策略,将对阐明包括O-GlcNAc在内的异常糖基化修饰在相关疾病中的调控机制具有重要的研究意义。

酸化对水稻-土壤系统氮分配和N_(2)O排放的影响

为研究土壤酸化对水稻-土壤系统氮转化、分配和氮损失的影响,以水稻-土壤系统为研究对象,设置中性(pH 7,CK)、弱酸(pH 6,T1)、中强酸(pH 5,T2)和强酸(pH 4,T3)4个土壤递增酸度处理,比较了不同酸度下水稻产量、氮素积累量、氮代谢酶活性、氮素利用效率、氮平衡和N_(2)O排放等指标的差异。结果表明,随着土壤酸度增加,水稻植株氮素积累、利用效率和产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。相关性分析表明,拔节期氮素积累量与叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)以及茎秆中GS和GOGAT活性呈显著正相关;开花期氮素积累量与穗中的NR、GS、GOGAT和GDH活性呈显著正相关。T1、T2和T3处理N_(2)O累积排放量与CK处理相比分别降低20.3%、58.0%和76.7%;单位产量下的N_(2)O排放量呈现递减的趋势。氮平衡分析表明,相比于CK处理,T2和T3处理氮素表观损失分别降低15.8%和21.1%,水稻氮吸收量分别降低1.5%和15.3%,土壤无机氮残留量分别增加41.2%和88.2%,氮素盈余率分别提高2.2个和7.1个百分点。土壤酸化至中强酸和强酸时,会分别通过抑制水稻拔节期茎叶和开花期穗部的氮代谢过程降低氮素积累量、利用效率和产量。土壤酸化会降低稻田N_(2)O累积排放量,同时也会降低单位产量N_(2)O排放量。此外,中强酸和强酸度土壤还会通过降低水稻氮吸收量和增加播前土壤无机氮量,提高土壤无机氮残留量和氮素盈余率,增加环境风险。

利用Fe-P-N-H_(2)O体系E-pH图对硝磷酸体系合成磷酸铁的热力学分析研究

硝磷酸法合成磷酸铁新工艺因生产流程简单、磷源成本低、设备投资小、能耗较低、绿色环保而具有很强的竞争力。利用FactSage和HSC等热力学软件中已有的热力学数据并运用E-pH图的绘制原理,得到Fe-P-N-H_(2)O体系不同浓度、298~473 K的E-pH关系图。研究表明,在水溶液中,磷酸铁具有较大的热力学稳定区域,能够很好地解释现有的液相沉淀法制备磷酸铁的实际操作条件。此外,从E-pH图中获得了共沉淀法合成磷酸铁的合适条件:温度为363 K左右、高氧化还原电位为0.5 V、适宜pH为1~3、浓度为0.01 mol/L,该工艺为硝磷酸体系共沉淀法合成磷酸铁提供了热力学理论依据。

Prognostic significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM:To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating theassociation between the peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer.METHODS:Studies evaluating the relationship between the peripheral blood NLR and outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer published up to May 2014 were searched using electronic databases, including Pub Med, Web of Science, Embase and Ovid.A meta-analysis was performed to pool the hazard ratios(HRs) or odds ratios(ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals(CIs) using either a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model to quantitatively assess the prognostic value of NLR and its association with clinicopathological parameters.RESULTS:Eleven studies containing a total of 1804 patients were eligible according to our selection criteria, and combined hazard ratios indicated that high NLR was a poor prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer patients because it had an unfavorable impact on the overall survival(OS)(HR =2.61, 95%CI:1.68-4.06, P =0.000) and cancer specific survival(HR =1.66, 95%CI:1.08-2.57, P =0.021).Subgroup analysis revealed that high NLR was associated with poor OS in patients with mixed treatment(HR =4.36, 95%CI:2.50-7.61, P =0.000), chemotherapy(HR =2.08, 95%CI:1.49-2.9, P =0.000), or surgical resection(HR =1.2, 95%CI:1.00-1.44, P =0.048).Additionally, high NLR was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis(OR =1.69, 95%CI:1.10-2.59, P =0.016), poor tumor differentiation(OR =2.75, 95%CI:1.19-6.36, P =0.016), poor performance status(OR =2.56, 95%CI:1.63-4.03, P =0.000), high cancer antigen 199(OR =2.62, 95%CI:1.49-4.60, P =0.000), high C-reactive protein(OR =4.32, 95%CI:2.71-6.87, P =0.000), and low albumin(OR =3.56, 95%CI:1.37-9.27, P =0.009).CONCLUSION:High peripheral blood NLR suggested a poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer,and it could be a novel marker of survival evaluation and could help clinicians develop therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer patients.

DNDC模型模拟不同施肥水平下旱作麦田土壤N2O排放及其敏感性分析

【目的】研究陇中黄土高原不同施肥水平下旱作麦田土壤N_(2)O的排放特征,验证DNDC模型对N_(2)O排放模拟的适应性。【方法】以甘肃省定西市旱作麦田为对象,设置不施氮肥(0 kg/hm^(2))、低量氮肥(55 kg/hm^(2))、中量氮肥(110 kg/hm^(2))、高量氮肥(220 kg/hm^(2))4种施肥梯度,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对土壤N_(2)O排放通量排放进行田间原位观测。结合试验点连续监测得到的N_(2)O排放通量等实测数据,运用DNDC模型探究多因子对模拟N_(2)O排放的敏感程度。【结果】不同施肥水平下,旱作麦田土壤N_(2)O排放趋势基本一致,且排放通量的大小与施氮量成正相关关系;DNDC模型对4种施肥水平下N_(2)O排放的模拟效果较好,具体表现为不施氮肥(R^(2)=0.88、EF=0.84、P=0.002),低量氮肥(R^(2)=0.92、EF=0.82、P=0.001),中量氮肥(R^(2)=0.86、EF=0.81、P=0.003),高量氮肥(R^(2)=0.84、EF=0.74、P=0.004),表明DNDC模型能够用于模拟不同施肥水平下旱作麦田土壤N_(2)O排放;敏感性分析则显示,相比其他因子,土壤pH值是影响模型模拟N_(2)O排放最为敏感的参数。【结论】为陇中黄土高原旱作麦田N_(2)O排放模型模拟的参数本地化提供基础依据,为今后农田管理措施的优化提供模型基础技术支撑。

应用屏栅电离室测量^(16)O(n,α)^(13)C反应的模拟研究

基于Geant4建立了一套利用屏栅电离室测量^(16)O(n,α)^(13)C反应的模拟方法,能预测不同入射中子能量、不同屏栅电离室结构、不同工作气体和样品参数等实验条件下屏栅电离室测量到的阴极-阳极幅度2维谱。为了验证该模拟方法的可靠性,在北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器上开展了实验,实验所用的中子能量为5.06 MeV,工作气体为0.3 MPa的Ar与体积分数为3.45%CO 2组成的混合气体(其中的氧作为待测样品)。实验测得了屏栅电离室的阴极阳极幅度2维谱,且模拟与实验结果吻合较好。基于此模拟方法提出了一套实验条件的优化方案,可为下一步在宽能区精确测量^(16)O(n,α)^(13)C反应截面提供参考。

小鼠^(13)N-NH_(3)·H_(2)O心肌灌注Micro-PET显像中尾静脉注射技术的优化与评估

目的通过自制小鼠尾静脉留置针,为小鼠^(13)N-NH_(3)·H_(2)O心肌灌注显像提供实用、快捷、成功率高的实验工具,并总结归纳出一套流畅、高效的实验流程。方法实验组和对照组分别使用本实验室自制的鼠尾静脉留置针及人外周浅静脉一次性使用静脉留置针(洁瑞26G)为小鼠行尾静脉留置针穿刺,经留置针推注^(13)N-NH_(3)·H_(2)O,配合Micro-PET动态采集,记录图像采集的成功率及图像质量并评价两组注射的优缺点。结果两组实验在穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、药物残留量、图像质量及小鼠尾部放射性药物残留量5方面差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。综合比较,自制留置针制作及操作简便、穿刺成功率高、对鼠尾静脉损伤小,且在图像采集成功率及质量方面均占优势。结论自制鼠尾静脉留置针联合优化的实验流程,能显著提高鼠尾静脉穿刺成功率和图像质量,很好地应用于小鼠^(13)N-NH_(3)·H_(2)O心肌灌注Micro-PET显像中。

O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰在糖尿病性白内障中的作用

目的:分析O-连接N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(O-GlcNAc)修饰在年龄相关性白内障和糖尿病性白内障晶状体前囊膜中的表达变化,探讨O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰在糖尿病性白内障中的作用。方法:以糖尿病性白内障患者54例56眼和年龄相关性白内障患者115例120眼的晶状体前囊膜为研究对象,利用免疫印迹技术检测年龄相关性和糖尿病性白内障晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc蛋白的表达水平,富集晶状体前囊膜组织中O-GlcNAc糖蛋白并通过质谱方法鉴定两组样本晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc差异蛋白的表达。结果:免疫印迹结果显示,糖尿病性白内障组晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc蛋白表达水平显著高于年龄相关性白内障组(P<0.01),且随着糖化血红蛋白水平的升高,O-GlcNAc蛋白表达水平也升高(P<0.01)。我们采用质谱法对糖尿病性白内障和年龄相关性白内障晶状体前囊膜中O-GlcNAc蛋白进行差异分析,在糖尿病性白内障组中发现5种表达上调的O-GlcNAc蛋白(FABP5、KRT16、PGK1、CTSD、S100A7),18种表达下调的O-GlcNAc蛋白(CRYβB1等),同时我们还鉴定出3个新的O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰位点:蛋白质PTPRQ的T1730和S1738位的O-GlcNAc糖基化和蛋白质ATP5MC2的T61位的O-GlcNAc糖基化。结论:O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰可能参与了糖尿病性白内障的形成和发展。质谱鉴定出的O-GlcNAc差异蛋白为进一步研究糖尿病性白内障的发病机制提供了理论依据。

Relationship Between Leaf C/N Ratio and Insecticidal Protein Expression in Bt Cotton as Affected by High Temperature and N Rate

Expression of insecticidal protein for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton is unstable and related to nitrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between leaf carbon nitrogen ratio （C/N） and insecticidal efficacy of two Bt cotton cultivars. C/N ratio and Bt protein content were both measured at peak square period and peak boll period respectively under 5-7 d high temperature and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the Yangzhou University Farm and the Ludong Cotton Farm, China. All plants were grown in field. The results showed that the C/N ratio enhanced slightly and the Bt protein content remained stable at peak square period, but significant increases for the C/N ratio and decreases markedly for the leaf Bt protein concentration were detected at the peak boll period. The similar patterns at the two growth periods were found for the leaf C/N ratio and Bt protein content by different N fertilizer treatments. When nitrogen rate was from 0 to 600 kg ha-l, the C/N ratio was reduced by 0.017 and 0.006 for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak square period, compared to the 1.350 to 1.143 reduction for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak boll period, respectively. Correspondingly, the leaf Bt protein contents were bolstered by 2.6-11.8 and 26.9-36.9% at the two different growth periods, respectively. The results suggested that enhanced C/N ratio by high temperature and nitrogen application may result in the reduction of inseetiocidal efficacy in Bt cotton, especially in peak boll period.

秸秆与生物炭对棉田碱性土壤NH_(3)挥发与N_(2)O排放的影响

为探究秸秆和秸秆生物炭连续添加5 a后对土壤氨(NH_(3))挥发和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放的影响,并确定合理的秸秆还田措施,以降低碱性棉田氮损失。本研究基于等碳量输入,设置秸秆翻埋、秸秆催腐+覆盖还田、秸秆生物炭翻埋和不还田对照共4个处理,氮磷钾肥统一施用。结果表明:秸秆生物炭翻埋下土壤NH_(3)挥发和N_(2)O排放分别较不还田对照显著降低27.3%和56.7%,主要归因于生物炭显著抑制土壤羟胺还原酶与硝酸还原酶活性,增加棉花氮吸收量,也与生物炭自身的强吸附能力有关。而秸秆翻埋、秸秆催腐+覆盖还田分别较对照增加NH3挥发37.2%和21.2%,但减少N2O排放17.1%和38.3%,这两种秸秆还田方式均显著促进土壤有机氮矿化和羟胺还原酶活性,抑制硝酸还原酶活性。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明羟胺还原酶和棉花氮吸收是土壤NH3挥发和N_(2)O排放的主要影响因子,解释率分别为64.8%和20.1%。研究表明,秸秆生物炭翻埋对NH_(3)和N_(2)O减排的综合效果优于秸秆,是碱性棉田土壤值得推荐的氮减排措施。

Effect of substrate COD/N ratio on performance and microbial community structure of a membrane aerated biofilm reactor

Two parallel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactors were operated at well-defined conditions to investigate the effect of substrate COD/N ratios on the performance and microbial community structure of the bioreactor. Results showed that at substrate COD/N of 5, organic and nitrogen could be eliminated simultaneously, and COD removal degree, nitrification and denitrification efficiency reached 85%, 93% and 92%, respectively. With increasing substrate COD/N ratios, the specific oxygen utilization rates of nitrifying bacteria in biofilm were found to decrease, indicating that nitrifying population became less dominant. At substrate COD/N ratio of 6, excessive heterotrophs inhibited the activity of nitrifying bacteria greatly and thus led to poor nitrification process. With the help of fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）, Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were identified as dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm at substrate COD/N of 0, whereas only Nitrosospira were detected in the biofilm at COD/N ratio of 5. Nitrospira were present as dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in our study. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images revealed that at substrate COD/N ratio of 0 nitrifying bacteria existed throughout the biofilm and that at COD/N ratio of 5 they were mainly distributed in the inner layer of biofilm.

氮掺杂及表面活性剂辅助Co-N@C催化剂的制备及催化加氢应用

设计具有高稳定性和高催化活性的非贵金属纳米催化剂是催化加氢工业化的迫切需求,金属有机框架衍生形成的非贵金属纳米颗粒均匀分散在多孔碳网格中被认为是构筑高稳定性和高活性催化剂非常有效的方法。本文通过金属钴离子和含氮配体/含羧酸配体之间的络合作用,非离子型表面活性剂辅助制备获得钴基金属有机框架(Co MOF)前驱体,进一步高温衍生获得金属纳米颗粒均匀分布的Co-N@C催化剂,研究含氮配体和表面活性剂的用量对Co MOF形貌及相应催化活性的影响。Co-N@C催化剂应用于催化邻氯硝基苯的加氢还原表现出优异的活性和选择性,在80℃、2 MPa H2压力下,反应60 min,转化率为100%,选择性为99.9%。此外,该催化剂对其他含卤素、醛基等硝基苯类化合物亦显示出优异的催化活性和选择性。