Dynamic genetic analysis for body weight and main length ratio in turbot Scophthalmus maximus

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width(BW)to body length(BL)ratio(BW/BL)and of body weight traits(BWT)in turbot,and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis.From 3 to 27 months,BW,BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months.The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages.A twotrait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits.The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.2168 to 0.3148,corresponding to moderate heritability.The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.2702 to 0.3479 corresponding to moderate heritability.The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT,except at 3 months of age.Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period.Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations.The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot,and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding.

The Effect of Quantitative Feed Restriction Duration on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

The growth productivity of broilers is influenced by improving growth performance through improving body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion rate. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of quantitative feed restriction duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were reared in a deep litter system until slaughter at 42 days. Chicks were randomly allocated to three treatments which were replicated three times with 16 birds per replicate. The three treatments were the control (T1), one week of feed restriction (T2), and two weeks of feed restriction (T3). Birds were fed with starter, grower and finisher diets. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed for each week. Carcass weight and internal organs weights were measured. The body weight gained by the birds in T1 was similar to the birds that were restricted for a week. The treatments had a significant effect on the average daily gain in weeks 4, 5, and 6. The ADG for T2 was higher (P < 0.05) at week 5 after 1 week of restriction, than T1 and T3. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in T3 after 2 weeks of restriction. In T2 and T3, feed intake was significantly lower than in birds fed ad libitum at week 4 at the start of the treatment. There was no significant effect on the relative weights of heart weights, liver, gizzard, feet, and heads among the treatment groups except for intestine weight which was lower (P < 0.05) in T1 than T2 and T3. It was concluded that broilers that were restricted for one week had a positive result in growth performance. Feed restriction had minimal effect on the organ weights of broiler chickens.

Feeding Effect of Growing-Finishing Pigs under Fine Division of Feeding Stages

In order to study the feeding effect of fine division of feeding stages on the growing-finishing pigs,96 healthy Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire hybrid commercial pigs with similar age in days,size,and body weight about 15 kg,half boars and half sows,randomly divided into3 treatments( each treatment repeated 4 times,and each repetition 8 pigs). According to the body weight division standard,three stages,four stages,and five stages of feeding were adopted separately. The daily ration of with different nutrition levels was used,body weight and feed consumption were measured,and effects of different feeding methods on body weight increase,feed utilization,and economic benefits of growing-finishing pigs. The results showed that compared with the three-stage feeding,the body weight of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased by 4. 18%( P < 0. 01) and 2. 41%( P < 0. 05),respectively,and the body weight of five-stage feeding increased by 1. 74%( P < 0. 05) compared with that of four-stage feeding; the daily feed consumption of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased 3. 10%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 70%(P <0. 01),respectively,and the daily feed consumption of five-stage feeding was 1. 37% higher than that of four-stage feeding. The feed cost of five-stage feeding and four-stage feeding increased 3. 32%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 61%( P < 0. 05) separately,and the feed cost of five-stage feeding was 1. 69% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P < 0. 01). The income from average body weight increase of five-stage and fourstage feeding increased by 5. 47%( P < 0. 01) and 3. 59%( P < 0. 01) respectively,and the benefit of average body weight increase of fivestage feeding was 1. 81% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P > 0. 05). The crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage and four-stage feeding decreased by 2. 28%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 68%( P < 0. 01),respectively; the crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage feeding was 0. 67% lower than that of four-stage feeding; the feed conversion ratio of five-stage feeding,four-stage feeding,and three-stage feeding was 2. 92,2. 93,and 2. 95 respectively. The results showed that compared with the threestage feeding,the four-stage and five-stage feeding could significantly increase the body weight of the growing-finishing pigs,improve the feed utilization level and improve the economic benefits,and the effect of five-stage feeding was better than the four-stage feeding.

不同蛋白水平全价颗粒饲料对育肥公羊育肥效果对比研究

本研究主要探讨不同蛋白水平全价颗粒饲料对育肥公羊育肥效果对比。选择体重20 kg左右公羊共计120只(湖羊、澳湖杂交羊、欧拉羊、湖藏杂交羊、萨湖杂交羊各24只),每一个品种公羊随机平均分为3组,分别饲喂蛋白含量12.96%(LP组)、15.04%(MP组)、17.04%(HP组)的全价颗粒饲料,饲喂105 d,研究体重、养殖效益、体尺相关性等指标。结果显示:湖羊、澳湖、萨湖MP组和HP组羊日增重显著高于LP组(P<0.01),湖藏杂交羊3组间差异不显著(P>0.05),欧拉羊日增重HP组显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),澳湖、萨湖羊增重速度最快,日增重达到300 g以上;湖羊、澳湖、萨湖、湖藏MP组和HP组羊料重比显著低于LP组(P<0.01),欧拉羊3组差异均显著(P>0.05),不同品种羊MP组日养殖效益均优于HP组;湖羊、澳湖、萨湖、湖藏羊体重与各体尺之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),欧拉羊体重与体长呈极显著相关(P<0.01),体重与胸围、体长呈显著相关(P<0.05)。

黄颡鱼的含肉率及鱼肉营养评价

本文报道了黄颡鱼的含肉率及鱼肉生化成分的测定结果。黄颡鱼含肉率平均为６７．５３％。鱼肉蛋白质、脂肪含量分别为１５．３７％和１．６１％。１７种氨基酸总量为１４．１９％，其中７种必需氨基酸含量为５．ｇｙ％。必需氨基酸量占氨基酸总量的百分比、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值均超过ＷＨＯ／ＦＡＯ提出的标准。必需氨基酸指数为７４．３４。

泉水鱼肌肉营养成分分析及营养学评价

对泉水鱼的含肉率、肌肉营养成分进行测定分析,并对其营养价值进行评价。结果表明:泉水鱼的含肉率为(70.90±3.20)%,肌肉(鲜样)中水分含量(75.62±1.17)%、粗蛋白(20.04±0.78)%、粗脂肪(3.67±0.08)%、灰分(1.34±0.13)%。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,总量为(79.83±0.59)%(干样),其中含量最高的为谷氨酸(13.10±0.11)%,含量最低的为色氨酸(0.58±0.05)%,8种人体必需氨基酸总量为(33.95±0.15)%,占氨基酸总量的42.53%,其构成比例符合FAO/WHO标准。泉水鱼肌肉中第一限制氨基酸为色氨酸,第二限制氨基酸为缬氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为62.08,5种鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总含量(35.69±0.24)%(干样)。脂肪酸中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在总脂肪酸中含量分别为(45.33±0.08)%、(26.04±0.19)%、(4.75±0.04)%、(7.35±0.03)%,以上结果表明泉水鱼是一种营养价值较高的优质鱼类。

怀头鲇的含肉率和肌肉营养成分分析

报道了怀头鲇 (Silurussoldatovi)含肉率和营养成分的测定结果 ,并将此结果同南方大口鲇和鲇的含肉率、营养成分进行了比较。结果表明 ,怀头鲇的含肉率低于南方大口鲇和鲇 ,但怀头鲇肌肉氨基酸总量、 4种鲜味氨基酸总量以及

黑尾近红鲌含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

测定了长江上游特有鱼类黑尾近红的含肉率及其肌肉生化成分和能值。结果表明 :黑尾近红的含肉率为 70 74 % ;其肌肉生化成分 (鲜重百分比 )水分含量为 80 97%、蛋白质 15 92 %、脂肪 1 11%、灰分 1 0 1%、无氮浸出物 0 99%、比能值 4 37kJ/g及E/P 2 7 4 5kJ/g。肌肉生化成分含量与体长变化无明显关系。肌肉中含有 17种氨基酸 ,总量为 6 9 0 7% (干重百分比 ) ;9种人体必需氨基酸总量是 34 81% ,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量比例为5 0 39% ;四种鲜味氨基酸含量为 2 6 94 % ;必需氨基酸指数 (EAAI)是 6 3 6 4。缬氨酸 ,苏氨酸和异亮氨酸为限制性氨基酸。

云南盘鮈肌肉营养成分分析与营养评价

采用常规生化分析方法对云南盘鮈含肉率和肌肉营养成分进行测定分析。结果表明:云南盘鮈含肉率为(66.62±4.46)%,肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为(76.10±0.91)%、(20.24±0.05)%、(1.32±0.17)%和(1.30±0.02)%(以鲜质量计)。肌肉中含18种氨基酸,总量为(79.78±4.22)%,8种人体必需氨基酸总量为(33.05±1.62)%(以干质量计),占氨基酸总量的41.43%,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织的标准;云南盘鮈的第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,必需氨基酸指数为68.09,4种鲜味氨基酸总量为30.47%(以干质量计),肌肉中单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸在总脂肪酸中含量分别为(27.93±2.67)%、(40.28±2.54)%和(29.23±2.77)%;肌肉矿物元素含量丰富,微量元素中锌含量较高。云南盘鮈营养价值较高、味道鲜美,具有较高的开发利用价值。

考虑动态特性的多工况车身结构拓扑优化研究

由于车身结构在汽车行驶过程中主要是保证其静动态承载性能,因此在概念设计阶段考虑其多种承载工况,特别是车身的动态性能要求来确定车身结构的最佳拓扑形式十分重要。结合整车多工况多体动力学分析,运用折衷规划法定义整车实际行驶工况下车身结构静态刚度和动态振动频率最大化的综合目标函数,通过层次分析法确定各工况的最优权重系数,进行车身结构的综合目标优化设计。以方程式赛车的车身结构设计为例,进行综合目标的拓扑优化设计,结果表明该方法进行车身结构的概念设计可行且有效。同时,经对比根据设计经验和基于正交试验定义权重系数的两种方法得出的优化结果,其车身的刚度和前6阶频率均有不同程度的提高,且结构更加合理,同时提高了计算效率。

洞庭湖区黄鳝性别与体长及体重的关系

2002年6月至2003年5月,对洞庭湖周边水域不同季节1 183尾野生黄鳝进行体重、体长测量及性腺观察鉴定.统计分析结果:黄鳝体长29 cm左右为Ⅰ龄组,42 cm左右为Ⅱ龄组,49 cm左右为Ⅲ龄组,56 cm左右为Ⅳ龄组;雄性频率最高出现在5月(20.0%),其次为8月(16.7%),再次为4月(15.4%)和3月15.3%);雌性平均体长为(28.4±5.9)cm,间性平均体长为(35.6±6.3)cm,雄性平均体长为(39.8±8.1)cm;体长25～30 cm的雌性与间性比为1︰0.034,初步认为体长30 cm左右为性逆转的起点;体长30～50 cm是雌雄间体出现的高峰,50～60 cm是雄鳝出现的高峰;体长40 cm以下雌性占多数,50 cm以上雄性占多数,体重15 g以下几乎全为雌性(占99.2%),但有极个别的雌雄间体和雄性出现,体重15～25 g的雌性与间性比为1︰0.067,初步认为体重25 g左右为性逆转的起点;体重25～55 g是雌雄间体出现的高峰,体重150 g以上仍有部分雌性个体;黄鳝人工繁殖选择野生黄鳝体重65 g以下,体长40 cm以下,可基本保证雌鳝占大部分;黄鳝体重65 g以上,体长50 cm以上,可基本保证雄鳝占大部分.

利用SSR、EST．SSR、SNP标记对鲤食物转化率、体厚、体质量3种性状的分析

利用Windows Map Manager2.0的标记回归法对鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)F2群体进行单标记定位分析。用91个SSR标记、33个EST标记、364个SNP标记对鲤进行全基因组扫描,结果得到与食物转化率、体厚、体质量3个性状显著相关(P<0.05)的标记,分别为27、35、27个,其中与食物转化率相关的标记SNP0041、SNP0044,其相关性达到极显著水平(P<0.001),贡献率分别达到15%、16%。这些标记可作为分子标记辅助育种的参考标记。将得到的与食物转化率显著相关的EST座位HLJE14、HLJE253和与体质量显著相关的HLJE253座位在NCBI上进行BLAST比对,结果显示HLJE253与斑马鱼上编码ORF2结构蛋白的基因相关,相关程度达61%。将得到的与3种性状相关的SNP标记在NCBI上进行序列查找,通过Blast比对找到相关的基因,并对可能的功能作了注释。

大气总悬浮颗粒物的肺毒性及抗毒性实验研究

为探讨大气总悬浮颗粒物的肺毒性和抗毒性物质，采用支气管直接注入染毒的方式和食物强化ＶＡ、ＶＥ、ＶＣ、Ｚｎ和Ｓｅ的方法进行实验研究，结果表明染毒后大鼠脏体比发生变化，肺体比、肝体比和脾体比阳性对照组高于阴性对照组和各强化组并具有统计学意义，而各强化组与阴性组相比差别无显著性。同样大鼠肺灌洗液中ＬＤＨ、ＡＣＰ和ＮＡ的变化也显示阳性组高于阴性对照组和各强化组，而各强化组与阴性对照组相比差别无显著性。肺组织匀浆中ＬＰＯ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ测定结果表明阳性组ＬＰＯ增高、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ下降，各强化组变化不明显。说明大气颗粒物可诱发体内产生脂质过氧化并引起肺部损伤，ＶＡ、ＶＥ、ＶＣ、Ｚｎ和Ｓｅ具有减轻大气颗粒物致肺部的损伤作用。

用瘦体质量、身高标准体重法评价江淮汉族肥胖标准的研究

为了探讨用体脂率、身高标准体重法评价江淮地区汉族肥胖的标准,于2010年在安徽滁州和江苏淮安调查了1426例（城市男性309例,乡村男性414例,城市女性312例,乡村女性391例）江淮汉族成年人的身高、体重,通过身高、体重来计算身体质量指数（ BMI）.用BMI、体脂率、身高标准体重分别评价江淮汉族成年人肥胖率.结果表明：（1）江淮汉族男性BMI值为（24.1±3.6）kg/m^2,女性BMI值为（23.8±3.6）kg/m^2.（2）随年龄增长,BMI增大,身高下降.（3）用 BMI法判断,江淮汉族超重率男性为34.7%,女性为30.7%；肥胖率男性为14.4%,女性为13.2%.（4）男性以体脂率大于26,女性以大于37作为用瘦块体重法判断中国汉族人肥胖标准为宜.（5）用身高标准体重公式测定成人肥胖率,以往体重≥标准体重的120%为肥胖的标准不适合于成年人.本文研究结果提示男性标准在标准体重的128%~132%为宜,女性标准在标准体重的132%~136%为宜. WHO标准也不适合我国族群肥胖的判定.

针刺对单纯性肥胖症体重指数及腰臀围比的影响

目的:观察针刺减肥的疗效。方法:将80例单纯性肥胖患者随机分为针刺组和药物组,每组各40例。针刺组采用体针、电针,配合耳穴贴压的方法,体穴取天枢、关元、三阴交等,耳穴取神门、内分泌、脾等;药物组采用口服西药西布曲明的方法。分别于治疗前后测定患者的体重、体重指数、腰围、臀围及腰臀围比值,并评价减肥疗效。结果:针刺组的总有效率为87.5%,药物组的总有效率为82.5%,2组的治疗结果相近(P>0.05);2组患者治疗后的体重、体重指数、腰围、臀围及腰臀围比值均较治疗前显著下降,并且针刺组患者的腰围及腰臀围比值的改善优于药物组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺减肥的疗效确切,并且针刺能有效地改善单纯性肥胖患者的体重、体重指数、腰围、臀围及腰臀围比值。

多工况下微型电动车车身结构拓扑优化设计

以车身多工况权重刚度最大化为优化目标,以体积比、节点位移及一阶频率为约束条件,建立了微型电动车车身结构多刚度拓扑优化模型。在采用线性加权方法将多刚度这一多目标优化问题转化为单一目标优化的过程中,基于层次分析法提出了多工况权重比的计算方法。该方法使车身优化设计中权重比的设定有据可依,可避免由于设计者主观因素造成的权重比偏差。该多刚度拓扑优化模型体现了车身结构的拓扑优化设计,得到了满足性能要求的清晰车身结构。

辣木提取物降脂作用的研究

目的探讨辣木提取物预防性降脂的作用。方法选用SD雄性大鼠为研究对象,通过喂养高脂膳食建立预防性肥胖高血脂模型,用辣木提取物进行辅助降脂试验,依据保健食品功能学评价规程进行。大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型对照组、辣木提取物高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组,实验后检测各组大鼠体重、血液生化指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白)、脂肪重量和脂/体比、Lee′s指数。结果大鼠灌胃辣木提取物40 d后,各实验组血脂水平明显低于高脂模型对照组,其中高剂量组的血清总胆固醇、甘油三脂与高脂模型对照组相比分别有显著性差异(P<0.05)和极显著性差异(P<0.01)。辣木提取物各剂量组大鼠的肾周脂肪重量和附睾脂肪重量、脂/体比、Lee′s指数极显著低于高脂模型对照组(P<0.01)。结论辣木提取物具有良好的辅助降血脂作用。

法氏囊活性肽对鸡体增重及饲料转化率的影响

把不同剂量的法氏囊活性肽 (BS)冻干粉与传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)活苗混合后 ,对 2 1日龄SPF鸡滴鼻点眼 ,同时另选一批同样生长状态的鸡 ,在颈部皮下接种IBD细胞毒油苗 ,同时肌肉注射上述不同剂量法氏囊活性肽 ,观察法氏囊活性肽对鸡生长性能的影响。结果发现 :免疫后7d ,活苗 0 2mLBS组增长最快 ,比免疫对照组多增 82 5 % ,并且饲料报酬高。但从整个试验期看 ,0 4mLBS组增重效果较好 ,比免疫对照组多增 1 9 8% ,并且有较高的饲料转化率。而肌肉注射BS组中 ,高剂量 (0 8mL)BS组的增重效果一直很好 ,比对照组总增重平均多增 7 2 3 % ,并有较高的饲料报酬。这说明滴鼻点眼或是肌肉注射 。

精制蜂胶对小鼠免疫功能的影响

本实验拟研究精制蜂胶对小鼠免疫功能的影响。采用45、90、135mg/kgbw剂量的精制蜂胶给小鼠经口灌胃30d,分别测定免疫器官脏器/体重比值,进行迟发型变态反应、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验、抗体生成细胞检测、半数溶血值测定、小鼠碳廓清实验和NK细胞活性的测定。结果发现:与阴性对照组比较,135mg/kgbw剂量能明显提高小鼠的迟发型变态反应的能力,能明显提高胸腺体重比值、小鼠抗体生成细胞数、半数溶血值,明显增强小鼠单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清能力,明显提高小鼠NK细胞活性,证明精制蜂胶具有潜在增强免疫力的作用。

温度对不同规格珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(棕点石斑鱼♀×鞍带石斑鱼♂)呼吸和排泄的影响

应用实验生态学方法,研究了不同水温(15.8℃、21.0℃、26.6℃、30.9℃、36.5℃)对小[(28.1?1.1)g]、中[(278.9?20.1)g]、大[(575.8?37.4)g]3种规格的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(棕点石斑鱼♀×鞍带石斑鱼♂)(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)呼吸和排泄的影响。实验结果表明,温度和规格对珍珠龙胆耗氧率和排氨率的影响均达到显著水平(P<0.05);小、中、大3种规格珍珠龙胆耗氧率和排氨率随水温的增加呈现先升高后降低、再升高的变化规律,当水温为26.6℃时达到最大值,分别为(1.510±0.124)mg/(g·h)、(0.306±0.007)mg/(g·h)、(0.161±0.010)mg/(g·h)和(47.739±21.048)μg/(g·h)、(13.956±1.783)μg/(g·h)、(6.811±1.882)μg/(g·h),耗氧率和排氨率与温度之间的回归关系均符合一元四次方程,相关系数R2均为1.000。在水温15.8~36.5℃范围,相同水温下,珍珠龙胆的耗氧率和排氨率随其个体的增大而降低,耗氧率和排氨率与规格之间的回归关系均符合一元二次方程,相关系数R2均为1.000。不同温度条件下,小、中、大3种规格珍珠龙胆的耗氧率Q10和排氨率Q10在21.0~26.6℃时均达到最大,且其均在26.6~30.9℃时最小。小、中、大3种规格O/N比值平均值变化范围分别为21.535~113.541、15.713~32.193、12.097~27.094,表明实验水温条件下小规格珍珠龙胆的供能物质为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物,而中、大规格珍珠龙胆的主要能量物质为蛋白质和脂肪。