Seismic Design Loads of Truss Arch Frames with Ceilings subjected to Vertical and Horizontal Earthquake Motions

Spatial structures such as a gymnasium and an exhibition hall often use ceilings because of enhancing sound effects and reducing heating bills. Although the ceiling members fell down on a large scale due to the seismic motion according to the past great earthquake disaster reports, structural engineers particularly do not carry out the seismic design. The study gives structural engineers the equivalent static loads for the design of the earthquake-proof design of the ceiling system. In particular, it is significant to investigate the dynamic behavior and the applied seismic loads for the complicated vibration of the long span arch building structures with RC columns.

Behaviour of Batter Micropiles Subjected to Vertical and Lateral Loading Conditions

Micropiles are drilled and grouted piles having diameter between 100 to 250 mm. Due to its small diameter, it is suitable for low headroom and limited work area conditions. It can be installed without noise nuisance, without vibrations to surrounding soils and structures and without disruption to the production operations in industries which makes micropiles suitable for underpinning and seismic retrofitting of structures. It is necessary to therefore understand the behaviour of micropiles under different loading conditions. This work is on vertical and battered micropiles with different length/diameter ratio (L/D) subjected to vertical and lateral loading conditions. Batter angles had a significant influence on both the vertical and lateral load carrying capacity. The ultimate vertical load was found to increase upto a 30°batter. The ultimate lateral load was found to increase significantly with increasing L/D ratios upto an L/D ratio of 30 for vertical and 48 for battered piles, beyond which the increase was found to be not significant. In general, negative battered micropiles offered more lateral resistance than positive battered micropiles. The results of the study indicated that the ultimate load capacity and mode of failure of the micropiles are a function of the angle of batter, direction of batter and the L/D ratio for vertically and laterally loaded micropiles.

Finite element analysis of road structure containing top-down crack within asphalt concrete layer

In this paper, a four-layered road structure containing a top-down crack is investigated by performing finite element analyses in ABAQUS. In this study, in addition to the vertical load of a vehicle wheel, the horizontal load as well as its position with respect to the crack is also considered in the analyses, and the crack tip parameters including stress intensity factors(SIFs) and T-stress are then calculated. Moreover, influence of elastic modulus and thickness of the pavement layers on the crack tip parameters is studied. Results show that the horizontal and vertical loads along with their position with respect to the crack, elastic modulus and thickness of the road layers influence the crack tip parameters(KⅠ, KⅡ and T-stress) significantly. It was also found that for the cases that the vehicle wheel is positioned near the crack plane, only the shear deformation mode is observed at the crack tip;while, for the vehicle wheel positions far from the crack, only the opening mode is observed, and between these positions, both the opening and shear deformation modes(i.e., mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ) are observed at the crack tip.

Assessment of natural frequency of installed offshore wind turbines using nonlinear finite element model considering soil-monopile interaction

A nonlinear finite element model is developed to examine the lateral behaviors of monopiles, which support offshore wind turbines(OWTs) chosen from five different offshore wind farms in Europe. The simulation is using this model to accurately estimate the natural frequency of these slender structures, as a function of the interaction of the foundations with the subsoil. After a brief introduction to the wind power energy as a reliable alternative in comparison to fossil fuel, the paper focuses on concept of natural frequency as a primary indicator in designing the foundations of OWTs. Then the range of natural frequencies is provided for a safe design purpose. Next, an analytical expression of an OWT natural frequency is presented as a function of soil-monopile interaction through monopile head springs characterized by lateral stiffness KL, rotational stiffness KRand cross-coupling stiffness KLRof which the differences are discussed. The nonlinear pseudo three-dimensional finite element vertical slices model has been used to analyze the lateral behaviors of monopiles supporting the OWTs of different wind farm sites considered. Through the monopiles head movements(displacements and rotations), the values of KL, KRand KLRwere obtained and substituted in the analytical expression of natural frequency for comparison. The comparison results between computed and measured natural frequencies showed an excellent agreement for most cases. This confirms the convenience of the finite element model used for the accurate estimation of the monopile head stiffness.

一种基于Storm平台的ETL方案实现

随着互联网在各个领域的不断发展,数据开始呈现结构多样化与体积海量化。面对海量数据的冲击,如何提高ETL的效率至关重要。针对“信息孤岛”中数据来源及格式皆不统一、数据采集实时性差的问题,提出垂直切分ETL工作流和水平切分待处理数据集,建立一种基于Storm平台的流式ETL处理方案。同时,针对Storm在进行任务分配时对工作节点CPU负载不敏感的缺点,通过定时任务记录工作节点的CPU负载信息,对Storm调度器的slot分配方式进行优化,使得Storm集群的负载更加均衡。实验结果证明该方案可有效提高ETL的处理效率,同时针对slot分配优化可有效地提高系统稳定性与处理效率。

Experimental Study on Horizontal Bearing Characteristics of Screw Pile

The horizontal bearing capacity of the screw pile and monopile was analyzed by model tests.Results showed that the horizontal bearing capacity of the screw pile was significantly greater than that of the monopile under the same loading conditions.With the increase in horizontal loading speed,the ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the two piles also increases,and the difference decreases gradually.Moreover,the influence of vertical loading on the horizontal bearing capacity of screw pile and monopile is studied at the horizontal loading speed of 2 mm s-1.The findings indicate that vertical load evidently affects the horizontal bearing capacity of common piles,but slightly influences the horizontal bearing capacity of screw piles.

Combined Bearing Capacity of Spudcans on a Double Layer Deposit of Strong-Over-Weak Clays

An extreme sea storm process can lead to a jack-up rig under the combined loading condition of vertical load(V), horizontal load(H), and moment(M) to have stability problems. This paper presents the analysis of combined bearing capacities of a circular spudcan on layered clays with a strong layer overlying a comparatively weaker layer. Numerical models combined with displacement-based load tests, swipe tests, and constant ratio displacement probe tests are adopted to calculate the uniaxial bearing capacities, failure envelopes in combined V-H, V-M planes, and failure envelopes in a combined V-H-M load space, respectively. A parametric study on the effects of vertical load level V, the layer strength ratio s_(u,t)/s_(u,b), and the hard layer thickness t_1 on the bearing capacities is then performed. Results show that the vertical load level is a key factor that influences the values of H and M and the size of the H-M failure envelope. The existence of the underlying weak clay decreases the bearing capacities in all directions, and the vertical capacity Vult is affected more than the horizontal(H_(ult)) and moment(M_(ult)) capacities based on a single uniform deposit. The influence of the underlying weak clay on H-M failure envelope is mainly shown where H and M are coupled in the same direction. In contrast, little difference is observed when H and M are coupled in opposite directions.

橡胶砾石级配对筋土界面循环剪切特性的影响

橡胶砾石作为基础填料,具有低剪切刚度、高阻尼比的特性。为了研究土工格栅-橡胶砾石的循环剪切特性,利用室内动态直剪仪进行了一系列直剪试验,分析了4种橡胶砾石颗粒级配(级配不良GR1、GR4,级配良好GR2、GR3)、3种橡胶配比(10%、30%、60%)、3种竖向应力(30、60、90 kPa)下土工格栅-橡胶砾石界面的剪应力-剪切位移关系和体变特性。试验结果表明:在循环剪切过程中,各橡胶砾石级配均表现出剪切硬化的特点,但其抗剪强度与纯砾石相比均出现不同程度的降低;橡胶砾石抗剪强度随着竖向应力的增加而增大,4种级配土中GR2表现出最高的抗剪强度,但相较于纯砾石其抗剪强度约下降9%;界面最大竖向位移与竖向应力和橡胶含量成正相关,2种连续级配土GR2和GR3的界面竖向位移较小;在同一颗粒级配下,剪切频率和剪切位移幅值越大,混合土界面峰值剪应力越大;筋土界面剪切刚度随着循环次数的增加而增大,随着橡胶含量的增大而减小,而阻尼比与剪切刚度呈相反的规律。

震后RC桥墩竖向承载力最优工程需求参数的选取方法

桥墩结构的震后竖向承载力是评估梁式桥梁震后通行功能的重要指标,但其难以测量。为了快速定量地评估桥梁结构的震后通行能力,对评估梁式桥梁结构震后竖向承载力的最优工程需求参数(EDP)进行了系统地研究。首先选取与墩柱残余侧移和损伤相关的5个EDPs,通过对考虑了材料不确定性的RC桥墩进行Pushover分析和动力时程分析得到5个EDPs,进一步对震后的桥墩进行Pushdown分析获取震后竖向承载力。然后采用回归模型对所选EDPs与震后竖向承载力损失比的关系曲线进行回归分析,选取竖向承载力损失比关系曲线的最优回归模型为在ln(x)-y坐标系中的正态累积函数模型,进一步通过最优EDP评价准则对评估竖向承载力损失比的5个EDPs进行评价分析。评价结果表明:当考虑震后可计算性时,峰值侧移率最优;当考虑震后可测性时,残余侧移率最优;当考虑余震时,改进的Park-Ang指标最优。通过选取的最优EDP可以建立桥梁结构功能指标与抗震性能指标之间的联系,为进一步发展和完善桥梁结构的抗震韧性评估和设计提供参考。

考虑竖向荷载作用时液化土中群桩基础水平动力响应

基于Biot饱和多孔介质理论,考虑液化土的流动特性,建立考虑竖向荷载作用的部分埋入群桩水平振动模型,通过分离变量法、算子分解法,引入桩土耦合及位移连续条件,得到复杂条件下液化土中高桩桩间相互作用因子解和群桩水平动阻抗解.通过参数分析,表明液化土特性和竖向荷载对桩间水平相互作用因子、群桩动阻抗有显著影响,指出同一频率下,群桩水平动刚度随着表层液化土厚度的增加而下降,当液化厚度较大时,动刚度随频率上升显著下降,并出现负刚度;桩顶竖向荷载会降低液化土中的群桩动刚度,液化土厚度越大,削弱效果越明显.

水平往复荷载作用下钢箱提篮拱弹塑性力学性能研究

目的 探究倾角、矢跨比及宽跨比三个参数对钢箱提篮拱在水平往复荷载作用下力学性能的影响,为钢提篮拱桥抗震设计提供理论基础。方法 通过改变参数,建立54个钢箱提篮拱有限元模型,在水平往复荷载作用下进行滞回分析,研究钢箱提篮拱水平力-位移滞回性能、极限承载力和拱顶横撑内力、变形在不同参数条件下的变化规律。结果 随着拱肋倾斜角度、宽跨比的增加或矢跨比的减小,结构初期刚度、极限承载能力均有较大提高,但横撑内力也随之增加,并会产生局部失稳破坏,影响结构的承载能力。结论 增加拱肋倾斜角度对钢箱提篮拱横向力学性能有较大改善,但在设计时应注意横撑内力增加带来的不利影响。

竖向荷载对高承台群桩基础侧向位移影响规律的振动台试验

基于大型振动台模型试验,以高承台群桩为研究对象,模拟了地震作用下高桩承台基础的振动响应,通过超静孔压比(简称孔压比)、加速度和地基土位移研究饱和砂土液化场地竖向荷载对桩基侧向位移的影响规律。结果表明:近桩区域受桩基竖向荷载影响最为显著,孔压比与竖向荷载呈负相关关系,桩基两侧孔压比差值与地基土浅层加速度是造成桩基侧向位移的主要原因;地基土对台面输出加速度主要起放大作用,且随着竖向荷载的增加,加速度放大系数显著减小;在振动输入与竖向荷载相同的条件下,地基土在地震动作用下引起的侧向流动及显著变形极大影响了桩基的侧向位移;竖向荷载为9%桩基极限承载力条件下,桩基倾斜角为4.80°,侧向位移较小,结合地基土抗液化能力,桩基抗倾覆能力最优。

高原山区微型群桩基础承载特征及竖向-水平联合荷载研究

为探究高原山区微型群桩基础的承载特性以及水平、竖向荷载耦合作用(V-H联合荷载)的影响,揭示联合荷载相互作用规律,在高原山区微型群桩基础现场试验的基础上,采用FLAC 3D对三种单一荷载情况进行数值反演,并对不同荷载比例下微型群桩基础的V-H联合加载进行模拟。结果表明:①抗压和抗水平试验中,承台效应明显,荷载-位移曲线为“缓变型”;抗拔试验中,曲线为“陡变型”。②联合荷载下,施加水平荷载会削弱桩基竖向承载能力,水平荷载比例较大时,桩身抵抗力矩和桩侧极限摩阻力增大,荷载-上拔位移曲线突变点消失;在竖向荷载的影响下,存在临界荷载比n,下压-水平联合荷载中n 1=3.9,上拔-水平联合荷载中n 2=0.76,荷载比>n时,桩基水平承载力被削弱,<n时,桩基水平承载力提高。③联合荷载下,水平承载力与荷载比的倒数呈四次函数关系,竖向承载力与荷载比的倒数呈二次函数关系;联合荷载下的屈服包络线与单向极限荷载垂线所围空间分为“破坏区”与“安全区”,有别于单向加载的桩基承载特征,且桩基存在一个最优解,使各方向承载力均能得到充分发挥。

砂土中长径比对三筒基础水平承载特性的影响

The tripod foundation(TF)is a prevalent foundation configuration in contemporary engineering practices.In comparison to a single pile,TF comprised interconnected individual piles,resulting in enhanced bearing capacity and stability.A physical model test was conducted within a sandy soil foundation,systematically varying the length-to-diameter ratio of the TF.The investigation aimed to comprehend the impact of altering the height of the central bucket on the historical horizontal bearing capacity of the foundation in saturated sand.Additionally,the study scrutinized the historical consequences of soil pressure and pore water pressure surrounding the bucket throughout the loading process.The historical findings revealed a significant enhancement in the horizontal bearing capacity of the TF under undrained conditions.When subjected to a historical horizontal loading angle of 0°for a single pile,the multi-bucket foundation exhibited superior historical bearing capacity compared to a single-pile foundation experiencing a historical loading angle of 180°under pulling conditions.With each historical increment in bucket height from 150 mm to 350 mm in 100 mm intervals,the historical horizontal bearing capacity of the TF exhibited an approximately 75%increase relative to the 150 mm bucket height,indicating a proportional relationship.Importantly,the historical internal pore water pressure within the bucket foundation remained unaffected by drainage conditions during loading.Conversely,undrained conditions led to a historical elevation in pore water pressure at the lower side of the pressure bucket.Consequently,in practical engineering applications,the optimization of the historical bearing efficacy of the TF necessitated the historical closure of the valve atop the foundation to sustain internal negative pressure within the bucket.This historical measure served to augment the historical horizontal bearing capacity.Simultaneously,historical external loads,such as wind,waves,and currents,were directed towards any individual bucket within the TF for optimal historical performance.

三平测发模式下起竖臂对运载火箭地面风载的影响

为提高运载火箭地面风载条件对地面风场较大的发射场的适应性、降低运载火箭设计载荷、减轻火箭结构质量、提高运载效率,针对三平测发模式的特点,开展起竖臂对运载火箭地面风载的影响分析。采用基于广义位移和广义载荷的运载火箭地面风载计算方法,根据起竖臂的结构特点,量化分析竖臂刚度、支承油缸刚度、抱箍数量及位置因素对运载火箭地面风载的影响程度。起竖臂刚度、抱箍数量和位置对运载火箭地面风载影响较大,提高起竖臂刚度可使根部弯矩降低24.8%,增加Ⅰ级箱间段抱箍可使根部弯矩降低38%,而支承油缸刚度对运载火箭地面风载几乎没有影响。

基于新工科的Matlab仿真课程教学实践

阐述Matlab仿真课程的教学案例,探讨教学内容的设计和教学模式创新,包括在教学内容中构建三位一体教学目标,并对教学内容进行再设计,在教学模式中探索“2M+3P”纵横分段模式,设计最佳课堂认知负荷量,实现学生注意力最优刺激,探索学科专业之间的交叉融合。

水平荷载作用下群桩计算方法研究

通过分析研究国内外各种水平荷载下群桩计算方法，在Ｆｏｃｈｔ－Ｋｏｃｈ－Ｐｏｕｌｏｓ综合法的基础上，不考虑群桩基础中后桩对前桩的弹性作用，并结合桩基规范，提出了能够考虑群桩效应和群桩中各桩荷载分担比的改进公式，

竖向荷载作用下对称双斜桩基础水平承载力模型试验研究

对称双斜桩基础是斜桩用于实际工程的基本形式,也是用得较多的形式。相比工程应用,对称双斜桩的理论研究仍显滞后,基本没有关于对称双斜桩在复杂荷载下的承载力研究。通过桩身对竖向倾角为10°的对称双斜桩基础的模型试验,研究竖向荷载对水平承载力影响的特点。研究发现,随着竖向荷载的增大,桩顶水平位移的稳定时间逐渐增长;竖向荷载的增加可以提高水平承载力,但竖向荷载过大,反而降低其水平承载力。由于这种荷载情况与实际工程对称双斜桩的受力情况具有高度的一致性,其研究结果对于对称双斜桩的理论分析、设计和在工程实践中的应用具有一定的指导意义。

改进的膨胀土侧限膨胀试验研究

为量测膨胀土在侧限浸水和不同上覆荷载下的竖向膨胀率和侧向膨胀力,通过改进常规侧限膨胀试验装置和方法,确保了施加上覆荷载后试样浸水前初始湿密状态不变,消除了制样产生的初始水平应力,并将侧向膨胀力从总的侧向力中区分出来。采用改进的试验装置和方法,以特定初始湿密状态下的广西百色中等膨胀土为研究对象,分别进行了常规侧限膨胀试验和改进的侧限膨胀平行性试验。试验结果表明:常规侧限膨胀试验中的上覆荷载会改变试样初始湿密状态,测得的竖向膨胀率偏小7%~95%;因制样产生的初始水平应力会使最终侧压力偏小16.1%~43.5%;分级加载和逐级卸载的改进侧限膨胀试验结果具有良好的一致性和可重复性;竖向膨胀率随着上覆荷载逐渐减小,引入相对膨胀率和相对压力,可建立反映极限膨胀状态的幂函数拟合公式;侧向膨胀力与上覆荷载相关并随之增大而逐渐增大,当上覆荷载增至竖向膨胀力时侧向膨胀力达到最大,两者之间可用双曲线较好拟合。研究成果可为膨胀模型的建立以及膨胀土地区支挡结构物设计计算提供参考。

桩板结构桩-板-土相互作用模型试验研究

为了明确桩板结构桩-板-土体相互作用机制,基于推导的相似理论,制作了桩板结构在2种跨度、有无板下土体支承等不同条件下的竖向分级加载试验和水平加载试验,系统研究了桩板结构桩-板-土相互作用力学特性。初步得出以下结论:(1)板-土相互作用对桩板结构的受力影响明显。当不考虑板下土体支承作用时,板的位移、应力、桩的受力、板-土接触压力等都会明显增大,且跨度越大,影响越明显。表明目前在工程设计时不考虑板下土体的支承作用进行设计,偏于保守。因此,建议桩板结构在设计时应考虑板下路基土体的支承作用。(2)在横向荷载作用下,桩-土相互作用明显,其主要作用区域在桩的上部1/2范围内。同时试验表明,板的跨度对桩-土相互作用影响较小,但对板的横向位移影响较大,且桩板结构的跨度越大,在横向力作用下,板的弯拉应力也越大。因此,建议在进行桩板结构跨度设计时,应检算横向荷载作用下板的拉应力指标。