An Exploration of the Mechanism of Educational Scientific Decision-making in View of Bounded Rationality

The scientific decision-making of education policies is not absolutely a complete rational process.The bounded rationality which takes rationality as the judgement standard is the essential connotation of the scientific decision-making of education policies.Therefore,based on this view and through shaping reasonable education policy values,this research gives full play to the driving force of educational scientific research on education policies and designs effective education decision-making information content and running agenda,thus optimizing the weigh principle of education policy proposals,advocating risk assessment and practice of education decisions,constructing institutional rationality of educational scientific decision-making,and finally realizing the rationality and scientificity of education policy decision-making.

Application of rational emotive behavior therapy in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy

Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of our rational emotive behavior therapy(REBT)program on symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:From October 2020 to May 2021,fifty-six patients with CRC in a hospital in the Hunan Province were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=28)and a control group(n=28).The patients in the intervention group completed a 6-week REBT program based on routine nursing care,including four courses:1)establish a relationship and formulate health files;2)group communications and study symptom management;3)continuously provide health knowledge and strengthen healthy behavior;and 4)review the treatment and summary.The control group maintained routine nursing care.The simplified Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form(MSASeSFeSC),the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale were used to investigate and compare the intervention effects of the two groups at baseline(T1,before the intervention),four weeks(T2),and six weeks(T3)after the intervention.Results:The intervention group was significantly improved in symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state,compared with the control group.At T2,MSASeSFeSC(24.43±4.26 vs.28.07±3.91),symptom distress(17.29±4.04 vs.19.39±3.59),symptom frequency(7.14±1.51 vs.8.68±1.42),HADS(13.68±3.38 vs.15.86±3.79),anxiety(3.89±1.85 vs.5.18±2.18),and depression(9.79±2.06 vs.10.68±2.23),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).At T3,MSASeSFeSC(23.89±3.54 vs.30.14±3.94),symptom distress(17.61±3.52 vs.21.32±3.57),symptom frequency(6.29±1.49 vs.8.82±1.47),HADS(11.82±2.57 vs.16.29±3.13),anxiety(3.21±1.64 vs.5.61±1.77),and depression(8.61±1.52 vs.10.68±1.81),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The sleep state of the intervention group was better than the control group at T3,with decreased score of PSQI[4.00(3.00,8.00)vs.9.00(7.00,12.50),Z=-3.706,P<0.001].Conclusion:The 6-week REBT program can effectively improve the symptom,anxiety,depression,and sleep state of patients with CRC undergoing chemotherapy,which could as a care plan for patients with CRC who are repeatedly admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy.

Research on Maneuver Decision-Making of Multi-Agent Adversarial Game in a Random Interference Environment

The strategy evolution process of game players is highly uncertain due to random emergent situations and other external disturbances.This paper investigates the issue of strategy interaction and behavioral decision-making among game players in simulated confrontation scenarios within a random interference environment.It considers the possible risks that random disturbances may pose to the autonomous decision-making of game players,as well as the impact of participants’manipulative behaviors on the state changes of the players.A nonlinear mathematical model is established to describe the strategy decision-making process of the participants in this scenario.Subsequently,the strategy selection interaction relationship,strategy evolution stability,and dynamic decision-making process of the game players are investigated and verified by simulation experiments.The results show that maneuver-related parameters and random environmental interference factors have different effects on the selection and evolutionary speed of the agent’s strategies.Especially in a highly uncertain environment,even small information asymmetry or miscalculation may have a significant impact on decision-making.This also confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the method proposed in the paper,which can better explain the behavioral decision-making process of the agent in the interaction process.This study provides feasibility analysis ideas and theoretical references for improving multi-agent interactive decision-making and the interpretability of the game system model.

On the role of impulsivity and decision-making in suicidal behavior

Suicide risk constitutes a complex set of interacting demographic, clinical, psychobiological and environmental variables. Impulsivity is a long-known risk factor for suicide attempts. However, research based on clearer conceptual refinement in this area is imperative. One emerging field of study is that of decision-making. Impulsivity involves a failure of higher-order control, including decision-making. Using standardized operational definitions that take into consideration relevant aspects of impulsivity, including state- and trait-components and a deeper understanding of the process of decision-making in the suicidal mind, we may come a step closer to understanding suicidality and winning the fight in this scourge of human suffering.

Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

Rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped patients with cancer and their caregivers to manage psychological distress and anxiety symptoms

There is a dearth of evidence-based data on how psychological distress and death anxiety symptoms experienced by cancer patients and caregivers are treated in developing regions. This article sheds light on the report of the findings from a 2016 study that revealed a rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped a select group of cancer patients and their family caregivers to manage problematic assumptions, psychological distress, and death anxiety symptoms in Nigeria.Based on my experience as a co-investigator and corresponding author of this previous study, I addressed the challenges of conducting such a study and the implications for future research in this article. This article encourages future researchers to replicate the study and endeavor to overcome the limitations of the previous study. Funders were also encouraged to ensure increased access to funds for conducting similar studies with cancer patients and their family caregivers in developing countries and other parts of the world.

Unlocking the Network Traffic Password of the Sudden Popularity of Oriental Selection:Consumer Behavior Decision-Making Mechanism Based on Mental Accounting Theory

This paper explores the decision-making mechanism of the consuming behavior hidden behind the sudden popularity of the Oriental Selection Company in terms of the mental accounting theory.Firstly,according to the“Non-alternative”characteristics of mental accounting,this paper expounds how the strategy of the bilingual live-streaming of Oriental Selection promoters stimulates consumers’desire to buy the advertised products and services whilst using the utility theory of mental accounting to analyze how Oriental Selection promoters improve consumers’acquisition utility and total utility.Secondly,we sum up the successful experiences of Oriental Selection:The live-streaming industry should apply the theory of mental accounting in effectively overcoming the shortcomings of the live-streamed marketing by stimulating consumers’desire and influencing their decision-making behavior through the streaming of content that triggers them to make purchases.This is achievable by abandoning the traditional ways of loudly urging consumers to buy goods.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to use the mental accounting theory in promoting sustainable consumption and points out the prospects for Oriental Selection.

Behavioral Decision-Making of Key Stakeholders in Public-Private Partnerships:A Hybrid Method and Benefit Distribution Study

Public-private partnerships(PPPs)have been used by governments around the world to procure and construct infrastructural amenities.It relies on private sector expertise and funding to achieve this lofty objective.However,given the uncertainties of project management,transparency,accountability,and expropriation,this phenomenon has gained tremendous attention in recent years due to the important role it plays in curbing infrastructural deficits globally.Interestingly,the reasonable benefit distribution scheme in a PPP project is related to the behavior decisionmaking of the government and social capital,aswell as the performance of the project.In this paper,the government and social capital which are the key stakeholders of PPP projects were selected as the research objects.Based on the fuzzy expected value model and game theory,a hybrid method was adopted in this research taking into account the different risk preferences of both public entities and private parties under the fuzzy demand environment.To alleviate the problem of insufficient utilization of social capital in a PPP project,this paper seeks to grasp the relationship that exists between the benefit distribution of stakeholders,their behavioral decision-making,and project performance,given that they impact the performance of both public entities and private parties,as well as assist in maximizing the overall utility of the project.Furthermore,four game models were constructed in this study,while the expected value and opportunity-constrained programming model for optimal decision-making were derived using alternate perspectives of both centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making.Afterward,the optimal behavioral decision-making of public entities and private parties in four scenarios was discussed and thereafter compared,which led to an ensuing discussion on the benefit distribution system under centralized decision-making.Lastly,based on an example case,the influence of different confidence levels,price,and fuzzy uncertainties of PPP projects on the equilibrium strategy results of both parties were discussed,giving credence to the effectiveness of the hybrid method.The results indicate that adjusting different confidence levels yields different equilibriumpoints,and therefore signposts that social capital has a fair perception of opportunities,as well as identifies reciprocal preferences.Nevertheless,we find that an increase in the cost coefficient of the government and social capital does not inhibit the effort of both parties.Our results also indicate that a reasonable benefit distribution of PPP projects can assist them in realizing optimum Pareto improvements over time.The results provide us with very useful strategies and recommendations to improve the overall performance of PPP projects in China.

Analysis of Influencing Factors Tourists1 Purchase Decision-making Behavior in Kunming

Based on the theory of consumer behavior,this paper analyzes the current situation of tourism shopping market in Kunming,and analyzes the decision-making behavior of tourists shopping in Kunming with the questionnaire survey,and clarifies the influencing factors of the decision-making behavior of visitors to Kunming.In the future,the influencing factors of Kunming tourists'shopping decision-making behavior are combined with the current situation of Kunming's tourism shopping market.The problems of cheating-induced shopping,the high price of shopping products,the low level of tourism shopping experience and the imperfect after-sales service are analyzed.Finally,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from four aspects:rectifying the tourism shopping market,establishing a sound price supervision mechanism,strengthening the tourism shopping experience,and improving after-sales service.

An empirical study of the effects of a speaking anxiety reduction model developed from the rational emotive behavioral therapy

Thirty-two Chinese EFL learners took part in a true experiment on the effects of a Speaking Anxiety Reduction Model （SARM） developed from the Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy （REBT）. The participants were randomly assigned to the treatment and the control group. Both groups received a pre- and post- test of their Speaking Anxiety （SA）, Speaking State Anxiety （SAstate） as well as speaking performance. Those involved in the treatment group also received a treatment with the SARM between the tests. The results showed that, with the effects of Language Achievement （LA） being controlled： （1） the SARM could significantly reduce the SA, SAstate, and increase the total number of words in Communication Units （CUs）; and （2） the effects of the SARM did not differ significantly in terms of gender.

Study on Tourism Decision-making Pattern of European Tourists in China——With European Tourists in Xi’an City as a Study Case

With the inbound tourism market data supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China as the basis, this study through researching the tourism decision-making behaviors of inbound tourists, adopting questionnaire survey among European tourists in Xi'an City, analyzed their tourism decision behaviors and influencing factors, and aimed to propose pertinent suggestions for the expansion of European tourist market for Xi'an City.

COLLISION AVOIDANCE DECISION-MAKING MODEL OF MULTI-AGENTS IN VIRTUAL DRIVING ENVIRONMENT WITH ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

Collision avoidance decision-making models of multiple agents in virtual driving environment are studied. Based on the behavioral characteristics and hierarchical structure of the collision avoidance decision-making in real life driving, delphi approach and mathematical statistics method are introduced to construct pair-wise comparison judgment matrix of collision avoidance decision choices to each collision situation. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is adopted to establish the agents＇ collision avoidance decision-making model. To simulate drivers＇ characteristics, driver factors are added to categorize driving modes into impatient mode, normal mode, and the cautious mode. The results show that this model can simulate human＇s thinking process, and the agents in the virtual environment can deal with collision situations and make decisions to avoid collisions without intervention. The model can also reflect diversity and uncertainly of real life driving behaviors, and solves the multi-objective, multi-choice ranking priority problem in multi-vehicle collision scenarios. This collision avoidance model of multi-agents model is feasible and effective, and can provide richer and closer-to-life virtual scene for driving simulator, reflecting real-life traffic environment more truly, this model can also promote the practicality of driving simulator.

Neural mechanism of proposer's decision-making in the ultimatum and dictator games

Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer＇s decision-making in the ultimatum game compared with the dictator game. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that proposing fair offers in the dictator game elicited greater activation in the right supramarginal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game in 23 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students from Beijing Normal University in China. However, greater activation was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus for the reverse contrast. ＂The results indicate that proposing fair offers in the dictator game is more strongly associated with cognitive control and conflicting information processing compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game.

Human-Like Decision-Making of Autonomous Vehicles in Dynamic Traffic Scenarios

With the maturation of autonomous driving technology, the use of autonomous vehicles in a socially acceptable manner has become a growing demand of the public. Human-like autonomous driving is expected due to the impact of the differences between autonomous vehicles and human drivers on safety.Although human-like decision-making has become a research hotspot, a unified theory has not yet been formed, and there are significant differences in the implementation and performance of existing methods. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of human-like decision-making for autonomous vehicles. The following issues are discussed: 1) The intelligence level of most autonomous driving decision-making algorithms;2) The driving datasets and simulation platforms for testing and verifying human-like decision-making;3) The evaluation metrics of human-likeness;personalized driving;the application of decisionmaking in real traffic scenarios;and 4) The potential research direction of human-like driving. These research results are significant for creating interpretable human-like driving models and applying them in dynamic traffic scenarios. In the future, the combination of intuitive logical reasoning and hierarchical structure will be an important topic for further research. It is expected to meet the needs of human-like driving.

Theories behind a nursing intern’s error in terms of clinical decision-making

Clinical decision-making and judgment is an essential skill that should be acquired by nursing interns.However,many studies reveal that a large proportion of nursing interns have difficulty in meeting the basic expectation of clinical decision-making.This article begins with a brief review of some theories related to clinical decision-making.Then it takes a case,for example,to show how the wrong decision is made.Furthermore,it makes a general analysis on the case drawing on the concept of bounded rationality,dual-process model,and skills acquisition theory.This article ends with some reflections from the case,to improve the consciousness and skills in decision-making for nursing interns.

Modeling and TOPSIS-GRA Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Decision-Making Under 5G-V2X Infrastructure

This paper is to explore the problems of intelligent connected vehicles(ICVs)autonomous driving decision-making under a 5G-V2X structured road environment.Through literature review and interviews with autonomous driving practitioners,this paper firstly puts forward a logical framework for designing a cerebrum-like autonomous driving system.Secondly,situated on this framework,it builds a hierarchical finite state machine(HFSM)model as well as a TOPSIS-GRA algorithm for making ICV autonomous driving decisions by employing a data fusion approach between the entropy weight method(EWM)and analytic hierarchy process method(AHP)and by employing a model fusion approach between the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)and grey relational analysis(GRA).The HFSM model is composed of two layers:the global FSM model and the local FSM model.The decision of the former acts as partial input information of the latter and the result of the latter is sent forward to the local pathplanning module,meanwhile pulsating feedback to the former as real-time refresh data.To identify different traffic scenarios in a cerebrum-like way,the global FSM model is designed as 7 driving behavior states and 17 driving characteristic events,and the local FSM model is designed as 16 states and 8 characteristic events.In respect to designing a cerebrum-like algorithm for state transition,this paper firstly fuses AHP weight and EWM weight at their output layer to generate a synthetic weight coefficient for each characteristic event;then,it further fuses TOPSIS method and GRA method at the model building layer to obtain the implementable order of state transition.To verify the feasibility,reliability,and safety of theHFSMmodel aswell as its TOPSISGRA state transition algorithm,this paper elaborates on a series of simulative experiments conducted on the PreScan8.50 platform.The results display that the accuracy of obstacle detection gets 98%,lane line prediction is beyond 70 m,the speed of collision avoidance is higher than 45 km/h,the distance of collision avoidance is less than 5 m,path planning time for obstacle avoidance is averagely less than 50 ms,and brake deceleration is controlled under 6 m/s2.These technical indexes support that the driving states set and characteristic events set for the HFSM model as well as its TOPSIS-GRA algorithm may bring about cerebrum-like decision-making effectiveness for ICV autonomous driving under 5G-V2X intelligent road infrastructure.

REVIEW Behavioral Operations Management: A Review of the Field

Behavioral operations management(BOM)is one of the new areas in operations management.In the past 12 years,the field has made huge progress and researchers have become interested in this new perspective to solving operational problems.BOM is now one of the major subfields of operations management.In this paper,we examine and categorize areas of BOM based on the mainstream literature.Key areas include behavioral issues in new product development and project management,quality management,production management,inventory management,service operations,and forecasting.Studies in each area are divided into three subcategories,including OM context,individual attributes,heuristics,and biases,and individual differences.In OM context category,feedback and reward,training,work monitoring,teamwork and group decision making,goal setting,task assignment,and flexibility are among the main topics.In individual attributes,heuristics,and biases category,sunk cost effect and escalation of commitment,endowment effect,overprecision bias,planning fallacy,pullto-center effect,anchoring and insufficient adjustment,and misperceptions of feedback are mainly discussed.In individual differences,analytic thinking and system thinking are mainly studied.New areas for research are suggested in each related section and are summarized in future directions and conclusion sections.In contexts such as new product development,project management,and inventory management,a shift to finding solution to performance improvement is beneficial instead of focusing on heuristics and biases and considering them as a deficiency in human decision making.Regarding individual differences category,a shift toward attributes other than cognitive abilities,such as global processing,creative thinking,and design thinking are recommended.

A Theoretical Approach to the Effective Decision-Making Process

This research develops and elaborates studies done for a contribution to the 2019 PIC International Conference 2019 in Malta, about the decision-making process. Decision-making is the act of choosing between two or more courses of action. In the wider process of problem-solving, decision-making involves choosing between possible solutions to a problem, and these decisions can be made through either an intuitive or reasoned process, or a combination of the two. The study of decision-making processes, to be understood as the role of human factors, becomes particularly interesting in complex organizations. This research aims to analyze how an effective team, within organizations, can develop a more correct and effective decision-making, in order to get an optimal solution, overcoming the typical uncertainty. The paper describes the point of departure of decision in complex, time-pressured, uncertain, ambiguous and changing environments. The use of a leading case (the Tenerife air accident, 1977), will lead us to the desired results, i.e. to demonstrate how an effective decisional process, including team dynamics, can be useful to reduce the risk, present in all decisions, and reduce errors. The case of Tenerife air disaster, confirm our research. In that case, in fact, the group dynamics prove not to have worked. Thus, we can state that if a team approach had been followed instead of a more individual one, the results would probably have been different. The central belief of the research, is that classic decision theory could benefit from a team approach, which reduces the risk that a decision may lead to undesirable consequences. As demonstrated with the case study, within organizations, the decision-making is not a solitary action. Decisions, in fact, are made within a team and in order to be able to function effectively in a group, and manage group situations, there are essential skills. The team can then become a resource for the decisional process and problem solving, but it is necessary to understand the dynamics.

Summarizing vehicle driving decision-making methods on vulnerable road user collision avoidance

With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technology,the safety of vulnerable road user(VRU)in traffic has been more guaranteed,and many research achievements have been made in the key area of collision avoidance decision-making methods.In this paper,the knowledge mapping method is used to mine the available literature in depth,and it is found that the research focus has shifted from the traditional accident cause analysis to emerging deep learning and virtual reality technology.This paper summarizes research on the three core dimensions of environmental perception,behavior cognition and collision avoidance decision-making in intelligent vehicle systems.In terms of perception,accurate identification of pedestrians and cyclists in complex environments is a major demand for VRU perception;in terms of behavior cognition,the coupling of VRU intention identification and motion trajectory prediction and other multiple factors needs further research;in terms of decision-making,the intention identification and trajectory prediction of collision objects are not included in the risk assessment model,and there is a lack of exploration specifically for cyclists'collision risk.On this basis,this paper provides guidance for the improvement of traffic safety of contemporary VRU under the conditions of intelligent and connected transportation.

Research on Online Education Consumer Choice Behavior Path Based on Informatization

The application of information and communications technology(ICT)in the education industry is becoming more and more extensive,and online education realized through ICT is developing in full swing.The influence of ICT on online education consumer's choice behavior is the core issue of online education industry development research.The research on the interactive path and methods of information and online education consumer choice behavior is worth exploring and revealing.This study introduces the word-of-mouth factor as a new research variable under the framework of the Rational Choice Theory model(RCT)and the structural equation method to conduct empirical research and theoretical analysis to verify the validity of the hypothesis and model.The fifthGeneration mobile communication system(5 G)analyses the factors affecting online education consumer behavior choices based on the premise of ICT.Research on the path between ICT and choice behavior provides new ideas for online education consumer choice behavior research and ICT and content and provides a new scenario.This article is a cross-disciplinary research content in theory,and its innovation opens up a new path for the management of ICT research.The research results have innovative significance and value at both the theoretical and practical levels.