Four Additional Raw Oil Harbors to be Built

Chinaistoconstruct4additionalharborsforberthingofover150,~tontankers.Theyare:the250,000--tonoilharborinQidong,Jiangsu;the200,000-tonoilharborinCezi,Zhejiang;the200,000-tonoilharborinLingao,Hainan;andthe150,000-tonoilharborinTinim.Thecountry’sexisting...

The Effect of Reaction Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Alcohol Ratio in the Production of Biodiesel from Raw and Purified Castor Oil

In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw and refined castor oil was compared. The transesterification technique was utilized in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of different parameters, which include the reaction temperature, methanol-to-oil mole ratio, and catalyst concentration at a constant period of 90 minutes. The result revealed the performance of the KOH catalyst on raw castor oil yielded 98.49% FAME, which was higher than the refined castor oil which yielded 97.9% FAME. The optimal conditions obtained from refined castor oil were applied to raw castor oil because of the same properties. The fuel quality of castor oil and produced biodiesel were tested for physicochemical properties.

Aflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in Karnataka

In the present study, the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. This was subsequently compared with commercial vegetable oil samples. Among the 23 different sunflower oil samples were tested, 10 of them showed posi-tive results to AFB1 and the remaining 13 showed negative results to AFB1. All the refined oil samples were free from AFB1 contamination.

Cameroon Green Energy Potentials: Field Survey of Production, Physico-Chemical Analyses of Palm Kernel Oil for Industrial Applications

This paper reports a field survey undertaken to determine the availability of raw material for palm kernel oil commercial production for industrial applications. Both industrial and artisanal wastes from palm kernel oil production were also surveyed as raw material (palm kernel seeds) for green energy production. Results of the field study show that 22% of palm kernel seeds (which represents tons of waste) resulting from palm oil processing plants are dumped while at the artisanal level, 80% of palm kernel seed waste is dumped. Analysis of field study data shows that large amounts of waste palm kernel seeds are available to enable large scale production of palm kernel oil (PKO) for desirable industrial applications in green energy production. The paper also reports on the physical and chemical properties of Cameroon palm kernel oil (PKO). Palm kernel oil was extracted using mechanical press and solvent extraction. The palm kernel oil (PKO) from Cameroon was analyzed by standard physico-chemical methods. Results of the physical measurements show a specific gravity of PKO of 0.92 kg/L, viscosity of 26.03 cSt and at 5.93 cSt at 40°C and 100°C respectively, viscosity index of 185, pour point of 20°C, cloud point of 29°C, flash point of 200°C, aniline point of 105°F, diesel index of 23, cetane number of 27 and ASTM (American Standards for Testing and Materials) color of less than 2.5. Results of chemical analyses showed an acid value of 17.95 mg KOH/g, free fatty acid (FFA) content of 8.98 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 2.10 mg I2/g, peroxide value of 2.10 meq/kg, ester value of 123.0 mg KOH/g, hydroxyl value of 93.4 mg OH/g, saponification value of 140.95 mg KOH/g and a sulfur content of 0.016% w/v, signifying low sulfur content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the palm kernel oil to be predominantly made up of glycerides of various fatty acids with higher proportions of C12 to C16 fatty acid residues. Cameroon PKO therefore has a broad spectrum of industrial applications by virtue of its rich physical and chemical properties.

Evaluation of Tung Oil(Vernicia fordii(Hemsl.))for Controlling Termites

In worldwide,the use of chemical pesticides to protect wood has been greatly restricted.In recent years,a large number of researchers devoted to the search for natural,safe and non-polluting bioactive chemical compounds from plants as an alternative to synthetic organic chemical preservative.In Chinese folk,tung oil can be used as paint for wooden furniture to protect them from pests.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical compositions of raw and heated tung oil and their activity against termite.In choice bioassays,weight loss of wood treated with 5%raw or heated tung oil after 4 weeks was significantly less than that of the control group.In no-choice bioassays,there was a significant difference in termite survival and wood weight loss on raw and heated tung oil-treated wood.When tung oil-treatment concentrations increased to 5%,wood weight loss was less than 10%.There was no significant difference in termite survival and wood weight loss between raw and heated tung oil-treated wood.Survival of termites in both tung oil wood treatments was significantly lower than that in the starvation control after 4 weeks.Raw and heated tung oil significantly improved the resistance of pine wood to termites,and have the potential for the development of natural wood preservatives.

新疆畜禽饲料资源中粗蛋白含量的调查研究

试验旨在研究新疆不同地州间各种常规饲料原料的粗蛋白含量和分布情况,为各地州饲粮合理配制提供科学依据。对新疆全区14个地州的13种115个主要畜禽饲料原料在科学采样的基础上进行粗蛋白含量测定。对同类不同种饲料样品和不同饲料样品的粗蛋白含量进行单因素方差分析,比较不同饲料原料中粗蛋白含量的差异及不同地区之间的差异。结果表明:不同原料除青贮玉米外,干物质含量都在92%以上;粮油加工副产物的粗蛋白含量最高,粮食作物秸秆粗蛋白含量最低。8个地州采集玉米样品中喀什的粗蛋白含量最高。全疆各地州的各种类饲料原料中粗蛋白含量相互之间变化非常大,因此,实际应用中要充分考虑到不同区域饲粮中粗蛋白含量,为精准配方、精准营养提供技术支撑。

水酶法提油关键技术研究进展

水酶法作为一种高效、节能、绿色、环保的新型油脂提取技术,具有良好的应用前景。但是,不同研究中所使用的水酶法提油工艺存在较大差异,使得后期研究人员无法从已有研究中获取提高出油率的关键技术要点和参数,导致实际应用效果不佳。因此,该文查阅了近年来国内外有关水酶法提油的最新研究成果,并从原料预处理、酶解和破乳3个层面对水酶法提油的关键技术进行分析和总结,以便后续研究人员了解水酶法及水酶法提油的关键技术要点,并为其在实际应用时选择合适的粉碎粒径、原料预处理方法、酶种类、酶解时间和温度及破乳方法等提供参考和建议。

类可可脂的制备方法研究进展

类可可脂(CBE)是一类重要的糖果用脂,可以经过物理复配或者酶法酯交换获得。近年来,微生物发酵法制备CBE成为新的研究热点,各种微生物产脂策略正在被应用,以提高CBE的产量,例如化学诱变或基因工程等。旨在为CBE的生产提供参考,从原料油来源、制备方法研究现状两个方面分别综述了CBE的传统制备方法(物理复配和酶法酯交换)和新方法(微生物发酵)的研究及应用情况。微生物发酵法更符合绿色、健康、低碳的发展需求,能够为CBE的制备提供一种新思路,也有利于推进CBE的产业化应用,具有潜在发展优势。

酯化改性玉米秸秆吸油材料的制备与性能

以玉米秸秆(RCS)为原料,经碱性过氧化氢预处理后,在微波辅助作用下,以甲酸为催化剂、乙酸为溶剂和酯化剂改性得到酯化玉米秸秆(ECS)吸油材料。采用Box-Behnken法进行响应面实验设计,得到制备ECS的最佳条件为:甲酸质量分数为7%、固液体积比为1∶40、微波功率为400W、反应温度为100℃,反应时间为20min,制备的ECS对机油的吸油倍率达到25.47g/g,与回归模型预测值25.80g/g相差1.27%,表明该模型模拟良好。通过红外光谱仪、元素分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪和接触角测量仪的表征和测试表明,ECS的红外谱图中有新峰出现,O和H元素含量减少,表明成功发生酯化反应,表面粗糙,结晶度为42.54%,失重速率最大的温度由改性前的310.1℃提高到352.1℃,疏水角由改性前的0°提高到97.2°。相比RCS,ECS的吸油倍率有明显的提高,在重复使用9次之后,ECS对不同油品的吸油倍率均能保持70%以上。本文为废弃玉米秸秆资源化利用和含油废水的处理提供一种方法。

酿酒、粮油原料储存仓主要仓型及出仓设备应用现状分析

针对酿酒及粮油行业如何对原料储存仓及出仓设备进行选型的问题,国内外学者做了大量相关研究。本文综述了目前主要酿酒、粮油物料的储存仓仓型以及出仓设备使用现状,包括平房仓、浅圆仓、立筒仓的结构特点和性能,以及移动式出仓设备(扒粮机、移动输送机等)和固定式出仓设备(清仓机、轨道式出仓机、悬臂式出仓机、振动卸料器、空气炮)的特点,以期为企业工程设计及后续相关技术工艺优化提供参考。

固定床加氢精制的评价及分析

随着环保要求越来越高,国家对油品质量和燃烧后产生的尾气中的污染物以及重金属的含量的限制将更加严格。减少和降低此类污染物比较普遍的方法是提高油品的质量,对油品进行加氢精制或改制,脱除油品中的氮氧化物和S以及部分重金属。油品的加氢精制或改制的最重要影响因素是反应过程中催化剂的性能和稳定性,催化剂的综合性能决定了整个精制过程是否稳定,同时也决定了产物的整体品质。固定床催化剂评价单元主要就是用来评价和检测加氢精制及加氢裂化催化剂的性能,为工业化的加氢精制筛选出高效的催化剂。

大豆油茴香胺值在精炼加工中的控制与研究

本文分析不同来源大豆油精炼各工段的P-茴香胺值变化趋势,并通过优化脱色和脱臭工艺参数,生产出P-茴香胺值≤1.0的产品。该产品能够满足部分特殊企业对专用大豆油的个性化需求,提高产品附加值,实现高附加值和绿色低碳加工的双赢。

玫瑰精油的检测与质量安全风险分析

采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS)法检测玫瑰精油中的致敏成分,结果发现在不同品牌(或批次)的玫瑰精油中共测得8种致敏成分,包括香叶醇、丁香酚、香茅醇、肉桂醛、水杨酸苄酯、肉桂酸苄酯、α-己基肉桂醛、苯甲酸苄酯,各样品之间的成分含量存在明显差异。现行标准法规对玫瑰精油及添加玫瑰精油化妆品的潜在安全风险的识别和控制仍有待加强。研究结果提示我们应该关注市场上玫瑰精油及添加玫瑰精油化妆品的质量情况和安全风险,建议尽快建立玫瑰精油质量标准、使用指导原则及相关监管法规。

渣油加氢原料油过滤器优化改造

渣油加氢原料油过滤器由中石化洛阳工程有限公司设计。每个过滤器设置7列,每列12个,共84个滤筒。在运行过程中由于过滤器压降高导致过滤器自动频繁冲洗,造成滤后原料油罐液位降低,不开过滤器跨线手阀无法维持液位的情况。针对隐患,为提高过滤器原料流通面积,每个系列新增4列过滤器,改善过滤器运行状况,关闭跨线,延长催化剂寿命。

原油储罐开罐检验典型腐蚀问题与防范分析

原料油常压储罐是大型石化装置中重要的物料储存设备,储罐的结构健康完整性与全装置的稳定运行息息相关。对大型常压储罐进行定期的检验检测有利于保障其本质安全,随着大型常压储罐的长周期使用,腐蚀问题是造成常压储罐出现泄漏的一大隐患。以珠三角地区的某台5000 m^(3)的原料油常压储罐为研究案例,在全面检验过程中发现底板出现了严重腐蚀缺陷,分析了底板腐蚀原因,提出了防范建议,为国内类似的工程应用提供参考案例。

粮油原料中农药残留检测存在的问题与对策

本文分析了农药残留检测中存在的仪器检测限与实际需求不符、前处理过程中杂质干扰严重以及标准物质获取困难等问题,提出采用高灵敏度检测技术、引入高效液相色谱净化技术及建立完善的标准物质数据库等优化措施,以提高检测精度和可靠性,保障粮油质量安全。

催化油浆调和炭黑原料油的关键技术研究及工业应用

本研究旨在提升炭黑产品的性能及生产效率,开发了一种新型催化油浆调和技术。针对我国原油重质化导致的油浆量增加问题,通过净化处理工艺高效去除固体颗粒和重组分,优化油浆质量,降低炭黑生产成本,提高炼油企业经济效益,并促进高端特种炭黑产业发展。该项目实现资源循环利用,减少废物排放,响应绿色低碳经济政策,带来显著的社会、经济和环境效益。

药用层孔菌发酵液控油及收缩毛孔机理及功效研究

将药用层孔菌和乳酸菌进行双向发酵得到药用层孔菌发酵液,检测药用层孔菌发酵液和药用层孔菌水提液的活性成分含量,从分子、细胞、动物和人体等方面研究药用层孔菌发酵液在控油和收缩毛孔等方面的功效作用,结果表明,药用层孔菌发酵液具有更高的活性成分含量、可以减少ABTS自由基的生成、抑制炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的表达、调控5α还原酶活性、减少皮肤油脂分泌、促进Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(COL-Ⅰ)的表达、抑制金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)表达、具有收缩毛孔的趋势,具备成为具有控油和收缩毛孔功效的化妆品原料的潜力。

气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定生干黑芝麻及芝麻油中脂肪酸组成的研究

本研究采用异辛烷作为脂肪酸的提取剂,甲醇钠-甲醇作为甲酯化试剂,然后通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术建立Q1-SIM方法,旨在对脂肪酸进行定性和定量分析,从而探索生干黑芝麻及芝麻油中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:生干黑芝麻和芝麻油中共检测到17种脂肪酸,主要包括C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1N9C和C18∶2N6C。此外,我们还发现了5种鲜有报道的脂肪酸成分:C17∶1、C18∶1N9T、C21∶0、C20∶4N6、C20∶5N3,在生干黑芝麻油脂和芝麻油中含量分别为0.019%、0.056%、0.011%、0.013%、0.045%和0.027%、0.112%、0.010%、0.011%、0.052%。

应用土壤酶活性评价草原石油污染的初步研究

通过相关和曲线拟合技术，探讨了土壤酶活性与土壤石油污染强度的相关关系．结果表明，转化酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶的活性与土壤含油量呈显著负相关，多酚氧化酶的活性与土壤含油量呈显著正相关．在此基础上，以土壤酶活性和土壤含油量为变量，采用Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ线性判别分析对重度、中度和轻度污染的几组数据进行了处理，都获得了很好的结果．最后，初步提出评价草原土壤石油污染强度的指标和范围．