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Amylase intrapancreatic infusion delays insulin release during an intravenous glucose tolerance test,proof of acini–islet–acinar interactions
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作者 Kateryna Pierzynowska Piotr Wychowański +6 位作者 Kamil Zaworski Jarosław Woliński Janine Donaldson Dominika Szkopek Katarzyna Roszkowicz-Ostrowska Agata Kondej Stefan G Pierzynowski 《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 2024年第3期101-107,共7页
BACKGROUND The possible existence of an acini–islet–acinar(AIA)reflex,involving mutual amylase and insulin interactions,was investigated in the current acute experiment on pigs.AIM To confirm the existence of an AIA... BACKGROUND The possible existence of an acini–islet–acinar(AIA)reflex,involving mutual amylase and insulin interactions,was investigated in the current acute experiment on pigs.AIM To confirm the existence of an AIA reflex and justify the placement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic components within the same organ.METHODS The study was performed on six pigs under general anesthesia.An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed,with a bolus infusion of 50%glucose to the jugular vein,while amylase(5000 U/kg)or vehicle intrapancreatic infusions were administered via the pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis artery during 30 min with a 1 mL/min flow rate.RESULTS The amylase infusion to pancreatic arterial circulation inhibited and delayed the insulin release peak which is usually associated with the highest value of blood glucose and is typically observed at 15 min after glucose infusion,for>1 h.The intrapancreatic infusion of the vehicle(saline)did not have any effect on the time frame of insulin release.Infusion of 1%bovine serum albumin changed the insulin release curve dramatically and prolonged the high range of insulin secretion,far beyond the glucose peak.CONCLUSION Intrapancreatic arterial infusion of amylase interrupted the integrated glucose–insulin interactions.This confirms an AIA reflex and justifies placement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic components within the same organ. 展开更多
关键词 amylase Glucose-insulin-amylase interaction Intravenous glucose tolerance test Acini-islet-acinar axis INSULIN
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Analysis of Amylase and Superoxide Dismutase Isozymes During the Germination Process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv Seeds 被引量:17
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作者 刘国勇 彭丽娟 陈发菊 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2009年第2期6-8,19,共4页
[ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase(AMY) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide... [ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase(AMY) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method, the expressions of AMY and SOD isozymes during seed germination process were analyzed. ~ Result] The main AMY bands remained strong during the whole peri- od and a new band A2 appeared in the middle and late period of seed germination. Some new SOD bands occurred at the early stage, then be- came weak or disappeared in the middle period, and band S6 became intense in the late peried. [ Conclusion.] The expression of AMY and SOD isozyme gene has temporal difference during germination of E. henryi Oliv seeds. 展开更多
关键词 Emmenopterys henryi Oliv amylase isozymes Superoxide dismutase isozyme Seed germination
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Screening and Identification of Amylase-producing Strain from Arctic Ocean and Optimization of Enzyme Producing Conditions 被引量:4
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作者 陈吉刚 张蓉蓉 +1 位作者 杨季芳 毛芝娟 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第8期24-27,52,共5页
[Objective] The aims were to investigate the screening and identification of amylase-producing marine bacteria from Arctic sea and the optimization of the amylase producing conditions. [Method] A high-yield strain for... [Objective] The aims were to investigate the screening and identification of amylase-producing marine bacteria from Arctic sea and the optimization of the amylase producing conditions. [Method] A high-yield strain for producing amylase named ArcB84A was isolated from a total of 156 marine bacteria of Arctic sea. Then,the morphological identification of the strain,molecular identification of 16S rRNA and optimization of fermentation conditions were conducted. [Result] ArcB84A strain was a member of Pseudoalteromonas genus. The optimum conditions for enzyme production of B84A strain included that,the initial pH value of the medium was 7.0-8.0,and the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively were 5‰ glucose and peptone. Surfactants including TritonX-100,Tween20 and Tween80 could increase amylase activity of the strain,in which,the effect of 10‰ Tween80 was the most obvious. 展开更多
关键词 Arctic sea amylase PSEUDOALTEROMONAS
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Activities, Quantitative Changes and Subcellular Localization of α-Amylase During Development of Apple Fruit 被引量:13
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作者 王永章 张大鹏 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2002年第1期34-41,共8页
Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. α_Amylase is considered as one of the ke... Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. α_Amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was often shown extrachloroplastic in living cells. The present experiment showed that α_amylase activity was progressively increasing concomitantly with the decreasing starch concentrations during the development of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh cv. Starkrimson) fruit. The apparent amount of α_amylase assessed by Western blotting also increased during the fruit development, which is consistent with the seasonal changes in the enzyme activity. The enzyme subcellular_localization studies via immunogold electron_ microscopy technique showed that α_amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly located in plastids, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments. A high density of the enzyme was observed at the periphery of starch granules during the middle and late developmental stages. These data proved that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites in the living cells of the fruit. The predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of α_amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the fruit development. The density of gold particles (α_amylase) in plastids was increasing during the fruit development, which is consistent with the results of Western blotting. So it is considered that α_amylase is involved in starch hydrolysis in plastids of the fruit cells. 展开更多
关键词 amylase subcellular localization apple fruit
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Effects of Exogenous Amylases and Metal Ions on the Amylase Specific Activities and Starch Degradation of the Upper Leaves of ‘KRK_(26)' during Flue-curing 被引量:1
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作者 赵昶灵 崔国民 孟凡来 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第10期1676-1683,共8页
Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exoge-nous amylases and Ca2+, Mn2+ and K+ on the amylase specific activities and starch degradation of the upper leaves of 'KRK26' planted in Yun... Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exoge-nous amylases and Ca2+, Mn2+ and K+ on the amylase specific activities and starch degradation of the upper leaves of 'KRK26' planted in Yunnan Province during flue-curing. [Method] The amylase specific activities and starch degradation of the leaves were determined by using spectrophotometry. [Result] The 8 U/g exogenous α-amy-lase could improve the specific activity of the leaf α-amylase at yel owing and color-fixing stages, but could not at stem-drying stage, and similarly, the 80 U/g exoge-nous β-amylase could improved the specific activity of the leaf β-amylase at the yel owing stage and the early period of color-fixing stage. The leaf starch could be enhanced to degrade by the exogenous α- or β-amylases and the enhancing effect of the former was stronger than that of the later. 1.50 mg/ml Ca2+ improved the specific activity of the leaf (α+β)-amylase mainly due to its enhancing effect on the leaf α-amylase, and increased the starch degradation. 4 mmol/L Mn2+ inhibited the leaf α-amylase from yel owing to the early period of color-fixing and the β- and (α+β)-amylases from the yel owing to the later period of color-fixing, but enhanced the leafα-amylase from the later period of color-fixing to the later period of stem-drying and the β- and (α+β)-amylases at the later period of stem-drying. Meanwhile, Mn2+ ham-pered the starch degradation during yel owing, but promoted it from the early period of color-fixing to stem-drying. 1 mg/ml K+ enhanced the leaf α-, β- and (α+β)-amy-lases during the yel owing stage, but lowered them from the early period of color-fix-ing to the later period of stem-drying, and always inhibited the leaf starch degrada-tion. [Conclusion] The exogenous α-, β- amylases and Ca2+ of suitable concentra-tions could be used to treat the tobacco leaves before flue-curing to improve the leaf starch degradation during the curing. 展开更多
关键词 Exogenous amylases and metal ions amylase specific activity Starchdegradation Upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety 'KRK26' Flue-curing
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MICROSTRUCTURE AND AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF CHINESE CABBAGE SEED DURING DRYING PROCESS
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作者 杨俊红 焦士龙 +2 位作者 褚治德 吴树民 侯丕勇 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2001年第3期153-156,共4页
A seed is the carrier of life,and research on the heat and mass transfer of a seed has already stridden toward the level of microcosm,such as cell protoplasm,cell organism,and molecular membrane.By means of a transmis... A seed is the carrier of life,and research on the heat and mass transfer of a seed has already stridden toward the level of microcosm,such as cell protoplasm,cell organism,and molecular membrane.By means of a transmission electron microscope,the authors of this paper observed the microstructure of cotyledon tissue slices of the Chinese cabbage seed with a moisture content of 13% (on dry basis) and that with a moisture content of 4.3% (on dry basis) for drying 2 h at 45 ℃.The compared result was that only wrinkles had been discovered on the cell walls of the seed dried for 2 h,without any significant change for other organelles.Study on the enzyme activity shows that after a germination for 48 h,the relative activity of α amylase of the Chinese cabbage seed dried for 2 h at 45 ℃,decreased by 5.8%,whereas that of the seed dried 2 h at a temperature of 67 ℃ decreased by 30.1%.This work shows that the drying factors have greatly influence on the seed microstructure,enzyme activity,which is directly positive to seed viability.Combined with the analysis of the critical safe drying temperature of the vegetable seed,it can be concluded that enzyme activity is also the function of the drying temperature,the moisture content and the drying time. 展开更多
关键词 seed microstructure amylase activity critical drying temperature
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Effects of Mercury Stress on Wheat Growth,POD and Amylase Activity
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作者 王琳 段璋玲 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第9期193-197,共5页
[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of mercury stress on seed germination and seedlings growth.[Method]using Zhengzhou 9023 as the experimental material and cultured in water,to study the effect of the germina... [Objective] The aim was to study the effect of mercury stress on seed germination and seedlings growth.[Method]using Zhengzhou 9023 as the experimental material and cultured in water,to study the effect of the germinating rate,seedling height,root length,seedling's fresh weight,the activities of peroxidase(POD)and amylase in leaf,root and germinating embryo at different concentrations of Hg2+(0.025,0.050,0.100,0.200,0.300,0.400,0.500 mmol/L).[Result]Low concentrations of Hg2+(≤ 0.10 mmol/L)have little effect on seed germination,seedling height,root length and fresh weight;high concentrations of Hg2+( 0.10 mmol/L)have significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth.Low concentration of Hg2+(≥ 0.025 mmol/L)could increase POD activity and inhibit the amylase activity significantly,and the effects have increased with the increasing of Hg2+ concentrations.[Conclusion]Hg2+ stress could change the activities of POD and amylase in leaf,root and germinating embryo,influence the energy and substrate supply which was required for normal metabolism of lipid oxidation,and inhibit seedling growth ultimately. 展开更多
关键词 Hg2+ stress WHEAT POD amylase
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β-Amylase Is Predominantly Localized to Plastids in the Developing Tuberous Root of Sweet Potato 被引量:3
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作者 秦颖 王毅 +1 位作者 段长青 张大鹏 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2003年第5期581-588,共8页
Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported ... Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported in vitro assays, β amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was shown often extrachloroplastic in living cells. Recently we have shown for the first time that β_amylase is predominantly immuno_localized to plastids in living cells of developing apple fruit. But it remains to know whether this model of β_amylase compartmentation is more widespread in plant living cells. The present experiment, conducted in tuberous root of sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas Lam. cv. Xushu 18) and via immunogold electron_microscopy technique, showed that β amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly localized in plastids especially at periphery of starch granules, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments, indicating that the enzyme is subcellularly compartmented in the same zone as its starch substrates. The density of gold particles (β amylase) in plastids was increasing during growing season, but the predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of β amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the tuberous root development. These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs. 展开更多
关键词 amylase subcellular localization sweet potato tuberous root PLASTID hydrolysis starch
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家蚕幼虫血液淀粉酶(Amylase)研究
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作者 钟生泉 伴野丰 《蚕学通讯》 1989年第3期12-13,共2页
家蚕的淀粉酶广泛分布在蚕的血液、消化液、消化管及卵巢中。幼虫血液和消化液淀粉酶的活性,依品种而有显著差异,且其遗传受在同一染色体上极接近的不同位置的基因所控制(松本,1933,1934)。家蚕幼虫血液淀粉酶活性的成分组成,伴随着... 家蚕的淀粉酶广泛分布在蚕的血液、消化液、消化管及卵巢中。幼虫血液和消化液淀粉酶的活性,依品种而有显著差异,且其遗传受在同一染色体上极接近的不同位置的基因所控制(松本,1933,1934)。家蚕幼虫血液淀粉酶活性的成分组成,伴随着幼虫发育而变动(河口,1982)。著者就不同家蚕品种的原种及其杂交F<sub>1</sub>的幼虫血液淀粉酶的差异进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。 展开更多
关键词 淀粉酶活性 amylase 家蚕幼虫 家蚕品种 供试蚕品种 石戈 松本 农学部 九州大学 电泳凝胶
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Studies on Amylase and Degradation of Starch and Pigment of Tobacco Leaf During Process of Flue-Curing 被引量:17
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作者 GONGChang-rong YUANHong-tao +1 位作者 CHENJiang-hua SONGZhao-peng 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2004年第12期931-936,共6页
The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electric- heated flue-curing barn designed and made... The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electric- heated flue-curing barn designed and made by the Henan Agricultural University. The temperature and humidity of the barn were controlled automatically. The results indicated that starch in tobacco leaf decreased rapidly and leveled off after 48 h of curring, in the meantime, the content of soluble sugar increased accordingly and reached a peak at the stage of color-fixing. Both of them had a rapid-changing stage in the first 36 hours of yellowing. The changes of starch and soluble sugar contents had highly significant negative-correlation at 1 % level (rNC89 = -0.8962**, rYY85 = -0.9704**). The activity of amylase increased with the proceeding of curing and reached a peak after 36 hours of curing, then decreased. But the activity of amylase kept at a high level when the humidity of curing-environment was very low, even if the tobacco leaf had been dried. The rapid degradation of starch showed a significantly negative correlation with the increase of activity of amylase at 5 % level (rNC89 = -0.8495*, rYY85 = -0.7839*). The degradation of starch and pigment had the same regulation and had highly significant correlation at 1 % level (rNC89= 0.9649**, rYY85= 0.9428**). There were mainly three amylase-isoenzyme bands -A, B, C respectively, in tobacco leaf during flue curing. They were identified as α-AMY, β-AMY, R-AMY, and the activity of β-AMY was the highest. The changes in amylase activity and contents of starch and pigment were affected by the tobacco leaf moisture and environmental humidity during curing. 展开更多
关键词 Tobacco leaf Flue-curing STARCH amylase PIGMENT
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Effects of Cadmium Stress on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Seed Amylase Activities in Rice (Oryza sativa) 被引量:15
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作者 Jun-yu HE Yan-fang REN +1 位作者 Cheng ZHU De-an JIANG 《Rice science》 SCIE 2008年第4期319-325,共7页
Two rice varieties, Xiushui 110 with high cadmium (Cd) tolerance and Xiushui 11 with low Cd tolerance were used to study the effects of Cd stress on seed germination, seedling growth and amylase activities. The low ca... Two rice varieties, Xiushui 110 with high cadmium (Cd) tolerance and Xiushui 11 with low Cd tolerance were used to study the effects of Cd stress on seed germination, seedling growth and amylase activities. The low cadmium concentration had little effect on seed germination rate. However, cadmium stress could significantly inhibit plumule and radicle growth, especially for radicle growth. Germination index, vigour index, radicle length and amylase activities of Xiushui 11 decreased more significantly with the increasing cadmium level compared with Xiushui 110. The cadmium content in seedlings of Xiushui 11 was higher than that in Xiushui 110 when the cadmium concentration exceeded 5 μmol/L, which caused lower mitotic index in root tips and amylase activities, and more serious cadmium toxicity in Xiushui 11. 展开更多
关键词 cadmium RICE seed germination root length mitotic index amylase activity
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Inhibitory activities of microalgal fucoxanthin againstα-amylase,α-glucosidase, and glucose oxidase in 3T3-L1cells linked to type 2 diabetes 被引量:8
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作者 KAWEE-AI Arthitaya KIM Aaron Taehwan KIM Sang Moo 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第3期928-937,共10页
Postprandial hyperglycemia is an early indication of type 2 diabetes and the target of many anti-diabetic and anti-obesity studies.α-Glucosidase and α-amylase are the crucial factors in regulating starch digestion a... Postprandial hyperglycemia is an early indication of type 2 diabetes and the target of many anti-diabetic and anti-obesity studies.α-Glucosidase and α-amylase are the crucial factors in regulating starch digestion and glucose absorption,making them key targets for many studies to treat postprandial hyperglycemia.We studied the inhibitory activities of microalgal fucoxanthin against rat-intestinalα-glucosidase and pancreaticα-amylase along with the antidiabetic eff ect to induce diff erentiation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes using Oil Red-O staining.Fucoxanthin displayed strong hindrance activities towardα-amylase in a concentration-dependent manner,with an IC50 value of 0.68mmol/L,whereas weak inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase,with an IC 50 value of 4.75 mmol/L.Fucoxanthin also considerably elevated glucose oxidase activity in 3T3-L1 cells by 31.3%at 5μmol/L.During adipocyte differentiation,fucoxanthin showed lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells with no cytotoxicity up to 20μmol/L.However,fucoxanthin had no inhibitory activity on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.These results suggest that fucoxanthin might be useful for the prevention of obesity or diabetes by inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and lipid accumulation and be utilized as an ingredient for a functional food or dietary supplement. 展开更多
关键词 Α-GLUCOSIDASE amylase diabetes FUCOXANTHIN glucose OXIDASE microalgae
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Lipase and pancreatic amylase activities in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with hyperamylasemia 被引量:6
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作者 Rong-Wei Yang, Zhe-Xin Shao, Yi-Yi Chen, Zhou Yin and Wen-Juan Wang Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China and Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital, Hangzhou 310003 , China 《Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International》 SCIE CAS 2005年第4期600-603,共4页
BACKGROUND: Measurement of total serum amylase (AMY) is the most widely used biochemical test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, but it is commonly considered a nonspecific marker. To improve the biochemical dia... BACKGROUND: Measurement of total serum amylase (AMY) is the most widely used biochemical test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, but it is commonly considered a nonspecific marker. To improve the biochemical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, lipase ( LIP ) and pancreatic amylase (PAMY) have been tested in recent years. The present study was designed to evaluate whether serum LIP and pancreatic PAMY tests could replace total amylase test to improve diagnostic efficiency in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis in patients with hyperamylasemia. METHODS: LIP and PAMY values were determined in serum samples from 92 patients with hyperamylasemia. Reference values for each enzyme were derived from serum samples of 147 healthy subjects. The activities of LIP and PAMY in patients with various diseases were shown directly by the boxplot graph. The diagnostic accuracy of LIP and PAMY was defined as the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Their sensitivity and specificity in detecting acute pancreatitis at varying cutoff points were shown by the curve, and the best cutoff value for each enzyme was shown by the modified ROC curve. The diagnostic values of LIP, PAMY and LIP + AMY with each upper limit of reference range (ULR) were compared with the corresponding best cutoff values. RESULTS: The references values of LIP and PAMY were 12.2-47.6 U/L and 28-95 U/L, respectively. These values in patients with acute pancreatitis were higher than those patients with other diseases. The areas under the ROC curve ( AUC) of LIP and PAMY were 0. 799 and 0. 792, respectively, With the best diagnostic cutoff point of maximum (sensitivity + specificity) -100%, we obtained values of 97.9 U/L(LIP97.9 =2. 06 × ULR) for LIP and 209 U/L (PAMY209 =2.20 ×ULR) for PAMY. The best cutoff values for LIP, PAMY and LIP +AMY demonstrated the specificity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic efficiency higher than the corresponding ULRs. CONCLUSIONS: Serum LIP and PAMY are specific for the pancreas and might replace total amylase for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in hyperamylasemia patients. LIP97.9 is more efficient than PAMY209 in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. A combined test of both enzymes is not superior to single test of either enzyme in diagnostic accuracy. 展开更多
关键词 pancreatic injury LIPASE pancreatic amylase
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Amylase Production by the Marine Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans N13d 被引量:5
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作者 LI Haifeng CHI Zhenming +1 位作者 WANG Xiaohong a MA Chunling 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS 2007年第1期60-65,共6页
The marine yeast strain N13d, producing an extracellular amylase, was isolated from the deep sea sediments of the Pa-cific Ocean. This strain was identified to be Aureobasidium pullulans by 18S rRNA gene sequence anal... The marine yeast strain N13d, producing an extracellular amylase, was isolated from the deep sea sediments of the Pa-cific Ocean. This strain was identified to be Aureobasidium pullulans by 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis and routine yeast identi-fication methods. The optimal sea water medium for amylase production by this yeast strain was 1.0% peptone and 1.0% soluble starch with pH 4.0. The optimal conditions for amylase production by this yeast strain were with temperature 28 ℃, aeration rate 6 Lmin-1 and agitation speed 250 rmin-1. Under these conditions, 58.5 units of amylase activity per mg protein were produced within 56 h of fermentation. 展开更多
关键词 extracellular amylase marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans FERMENTATION
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Low serum amylase and obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A novel interpretation 被引量:6
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作者 Kei Nakajima 《World Journal of Diabetes》 SCIE CAS 2016年第6期112-121,共10页
For the last decade, low serum amylase(hypoamylasemia) has been reported in certain common cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity, diabetes(regardless of type), and metabolic syndrome, all of which appear to have ... For the last decade, low serum amylase(hypoamylasemia) has been reported in certain common cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity, diabetes(regardless of type), and metabolic syndrome, all of which appear to have a common etiology of insufficient insulin action due to insulin resistance and/or diminished insulin secretion. Some clinical studies have shown that salivary amylase may be preferentially decreased in obese individuals, whereas others have revealed that pancreatic amylase may be preferentially decreased in diabetic subjects with insulin dependence. Despite this accumulated evidence, the clinical relevance of serum, salivary, and pancreatic amylase and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, copy number variations(CNVs) in the salivary amylase gene(AMY1), which range more broadly than the pancreatic amylase gene(AMY2A and AMY2B), have been shown to be well correlated with salivary and serum amylase levels. In addition, low CNV of AMY1, indicating low salivary amylase, was associated with insulin resistance, obesity, low taste perception/satiety, and postprandial hyperglycemia through impaired insulin secretion at early cephalic phase. In most populations, insulin-dependent diabetes is less prevalent(minor contribution) compared with insulin-independent diabetes, and obesity is highly prevalent compared with low body weight. Therefore, obesity as a condition that elicits cardiometabolic diseases relating to insulin resistance(major contribution) may be a common determinant for low serum amylase in a general population. In this review, the novel interpretation of low serum, salivary, and pancreas amylase is discussed in terms of major contributions of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. 展开更多
关键词 Serum amylase SALIVARY PANCREAS DIABETES Metabolic syndrome OBESITY AMY1 AMY2 Insulin resistance
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Characterization of a Novel Mesophilic Bacterial Amylase Secreted by ZW2531-1, a Strain Newly Isolated from Soil 被引量:3
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作者 WANG Yang LI Fan GAO Chao-hui ZHANG Ying-Jiu 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第2期198-202,共5页
A novel mesophilic bacterial amylase, named oligosaccharide-producing multifunctional amylase(OPMA), was discovered and characterized. OPMA is an extracellular enzyme secreted by ZW253 1-1, a strain newly isolated f... A novel mesophilic bacterial amylase, named oligosaccharide-producing multifunctional amylase(OPMA), was discovered and characterized. OPMA is an extracellular enzyme secreted by ZW253 1-1, a strain newly isolated from Chinese soil. It could be purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of ZW2531-1 by 30%-60% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by twice Sephadex gel filtration chromatography. OPMA is a 66 kDa protein based on SDS-PAGE and has an isoelectric point(p/) at pH=5.3 by Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis(WE). It only catalyzes the degradation of starch, rather than other alpha-l,4- and/or 1,6-glucan polysaccbarides such as fl-cyclomaltodextrin and pullulan. OPMA degraded starch to produce several oligosccharides including maltose, maltotriose, and isomaltotriose as the major end-products, and perhaps other oligosaccharides such as isomalto- tetraose, rather than glucose. OPMA exhibited optimal catalytic activity at a reaction temperature of 50 ℃ and pH=6.0, as determined by orthogonal test. Under the optimal reaction conditions, purified OPMA bad a specific activity of 13.75 U/rag. These findings suggest that OPMA could be used for the production of some oligosaccharides beneficial to the food industry and medicine. 展开更多
关键词 amylase BACTERIUM OLIGOSACCHARIDE Purification STARCH
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Chylous ascites secondary to hyperlipidemic pancreatitis with normal serum amylase and lipase 被引量:24
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作者 Fahmi Yousef Khan Issa Matar 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第3期480-482,共3页
A 54-year old man with a family history of hyperlipidemia was admitted with a 12 h history of severe generalized abdominal pain associated with nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. Examination of the abdomen rev... A 54-year old man with a family history of hyperlipidemia was admitted with a 12 h history of severe generalized abdominal pain associated with nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. Examination of the abdomen revealed tenderness in the periumblical area with shifting dullness. Serum pancreatic amylase was 29 IU/L and lipase 44 IU/L, triglyceride 36.28 mmol/L. Ultrasound showed ascites. CT of the abdomen with contrast showed inflammatory changes surrounding the pancreas consistent with acute pancreatitis. Ultrasound (US) guided abdomen paracentesis yielded a milky fluid with high triglyceride content consistent with chylous ascites. The patient was kept fasting and intravenous fluid hydration was provided. Meperidine was administered for pain relief. On the following days the patient’s condition improved and he was gradually restarted on a low-fat diet, and fat lowering agent (gemfibrozil) was begun, 600 mg twice a day. On d 14, abdomen US was repeated and showed fluid free peritoneal cavity. The patient was discharged after 18 d of hospitalization with 600 mg gemfibrozil twice a day. At the time of discharge, the fasting triglyceride was 4.2 mmol/L. After four weeks the patient was seen in the clinic, he was well. 展开更多
关键词 amylase Chylous ascites Hyperlipidemic pancreatitis
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Supplementation of amylase combined with glucoamylase or protease changes intestinal microbiota diversity and benefits for broilers fed a diet of newly harvested corn 被引量:3
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作者 Dafei Yin Xiaonan Yin +6 位作者 Xingyu Wang Zhao Lei Maofei Wang Yuming Guo Samuel E.Aggrey Wei Nie Jianmin Yuan 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第2期467-479,共13页
Background: The effect of amylases combined with exogenous carbohydrase and protease in a newly harvested corn diet on starch digestibility, intestine health and cecal microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens.M... Background: The effect of amylases combined with exogenous carbohydrase and protease in a newly harvested corn diet on starch digestibility, intestine health and cecal microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens.Methods: Two hunderd and eighty-eight 5-day-old female chickens were randomly divided into six treatments: a newly harvested corn-soybean meal diet(control); control supplemented with 1,500 U/g α-amylase(Enzyme A);Enzyme A + 300 U/g amylopectase + 20,000 U/g glucoamylase(Enzyme B); Enzyme B + protease 10,000 U/g(Enzyme C); Enzyme C + xylanase 15,000 U/g(Enzyme D); and Enzyme D + cellulase 200 U/g + pectinase 1,000 U/g(Enzyme E). Growth performance, starch digestibility, digestive organ morphology, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated in the birds at 16 and 23 d of age.Results: Compared with the control diet, supplementation with Enzyme A significantly decreased ileum lesion scoring at 16 d of age(P < 0.05); supplementation with Enzyme B or Enzyme C showed positive effects on ileal amylopectin and total starch digestibility(P < 0.05); Broilers fed with a diet supplemented with Enzyme D had a tendency to decrease body weight gain at 23 d. Enzyme E supplementation improved lesion scoring of jejunum and ileum at 16 d(P < 0.05), and increased ileal amylopectin or total starch digestibility at 23 d(P < 0.05).Supplementation of enzymes changed cecal microbiota diversity. High numbers of Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Butyricicoccus, Anaerostipes and Bifidobacterium, Sutterella and Odoribacter were the main genera detected in supplementations with Enzymes B, C, D, and E respectively.Conclusions: Supplementation with amylase combined with glucoamylase or protease showed a beneficial effect on starch digestibility and intestinal microbiota diversity, and increased growth of broilers fed with newly harvested corn. 展开更多
关键词 amylase Broiler GLUCOamylase Microbiota DIVERSITY NEWLY harvested CORN PROTEASE
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Combination of two-hour post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography amylase levels and cannulation times is useful for predicting post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis 被引量:4
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作者 Shiro Hayashi Tsutomu Nishida +10 位作者 Hiromi Shimakoshi Akiyoshi Shimoda Takahiro Amano Aya Sugimoto Kei Takahashi Kaori Mukai Tokuhiro Matsubara Masashi Yamamoto Sachiko Nakajima Koji Fukui Masami Inada 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy》 CAS 2016年第20期777-784,共8页
AIM To estimate the efficacy of 2 h post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) serum amylase levels and other factors for predicting postERCP pancreatitis.METHODS This was a retrospective,single-center ... AIM To estimate the efficacy of 2 h post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) serum amylase levels and other factors for predicting postERCP pancreatitis.METHODS This was a retrospective,single-center cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent ERCP from January 2010 to December 2013.Serum amylase levels were measured 2 h post-procedure,and patient- and procedure-related pancreatitis(PEP) risk factors wereanalyzed using a logistic model.RESULTS A total of 1520 cases(average age 72 ± 12 years,60% male) were initially enrolled in this study,and 1403 cases(725 patients) were ultimately analyzed after the exclusion of 117 cases.Fifty-five of these cases developed PEP.We established a 2 h serum amylase cutoff level of two times the upper limit of normal for predicting PEP.Multivariate analysis revealed that a cannulation time of more than 13 min [odds ratio(OR) 2.28,95%CI:1.132-4.651,P=0.0210] and 2 h amylase levels greater than the cutoff level(OR=24.1,95%CI:11.56-57.13,P<0.0001) were significant predictive factors for PEP.Forty-seven of the 55 patients who developed PEP exhibited 2 h amylase levels greater than the cutoff level(85%),and six of the remaining eight patients who developed PEP(75%) required longer cannulation times.Only 2 of the 1403 patients(0.14%) who developed PEP did not exhibit concerning 2 h amylase levels or require longer cannulation times.CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the combination of 2 h post-ERCP serum amylase levels and cannulation times represents a valuable marker for identifying patients at high risk for PEP. 展开更多
关键词 Serum amylase LEVELS CANNULATION time Post-endoscopic retrograde CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY PANCREATITIS Predictor
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Diagnostic value of drain amylase for detecting intrathoracic leakage after esophagectomy 被引量:3
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作者 Gijs HK Berkelmans Ewout A Kouwenhoven +5 位作者 Boudewijn JJ Smeets Teus J Weijs Luis C Silva Corten Marc J van Det Grard AP Nieuwenhuijzen Misha DP Luyer 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2015年第30期9118-9125,共8页
AIM:To investigate the value of elevated drain amylase concentrations for detecting anastomotic leakage(AL) after minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy(MIILE).METHODS:This was a retrospective analysis of prospec... AIM:To investigate the value of elevated drain amylase concentrations for detecting anastomotic leakage(AL) after minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy(MIILE).METHODS:This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in two hospitals in the Netherlands. Consecutive patients undergoing MI-ILE were included. A Jackson-Pratt drain next to the dorsal side of the anastomosis and bilateral chest drains were placed at the end of the thoracoscopic procedure. Amylase levels in drain fluid were determined in all patients during at least the first four postoperative days. Contrast computed tomography scans and/or endoscopic imaging were performed in cases of a clinically suspected AL. Anastomotic leakage was defined as any sign of leakage of the esophago-gastric anastomosis on endoscopy,re-operation,radiographic investigations,post mortal examination or when gastro-intestinal contents were found in drain fluid. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine the cut-off values. Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,risk ratio and overall test accuracy were calculated for elevated drain amylase concentrations.RESULTS:A t o t a l o f 8 9 p a t ie n t s w e re in c lu d e d between March 2013 and August 2014. No differences in group characteristics were observed between patients with and without AL,except for age. Patients with AL were older than were patients without AL(P = 0.01). One patient(1.1%) without AL died within 30 d after surgery due to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anastomotic leakage that required any intervention occurred in 15 patients(16.9%). Patients with proven anastomotic leakage had higher drain amylase levels than patients without anastomotic leakage [median 384 IU/L(IQR 34-6263) vs median 37 IU/L(IQR 26-66),P = 0.003]. Optimal cut-off values on postoperative days 1,2,and 3 were 350 IU/L,200 IU/L and 160 IU/L,respectively. An elevated amylase level was found in 9 of the 15 patients with AL. Five of these 9 patients had early elevations of their amylase levels,with a median of 2 d(IQR 2-5) before signs and symptoms occurred.CONCLUSION:Measurement of drain amylase levels is an inexpensive and easy tool that may be used to screen for anastomotic leakage soon after MI-ILE. However,clinical validation of this marker is necessary. 展开更多
关键词 ESOPHAGEAL cancer ESOPHAGEAL surgery Anastomotic LEAKAGE amylase DRAIN fluid
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