A Re-evaluation of Dee in “Everyday Use”

Dee,in"Everyday Use",is portrayed as a negative character.Nevertheless,some critics suggest to re-interpret her for some reasonable causes.By using close-reading,this article try to re-evaluate Dee so to evalue Alice Walker’s valuable devotion in character depiction.

Re-Evaluation of the Safety of Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy

Purpose: Additional analyses of outcomes of laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) are still necessary to improve the safety of LASEK. Therefore, in our study, outcomes were assessed retrospectively in 561 eyes that underwent LASEK treatment. Methods: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and residual spherical equivalent were analyzed at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. We assessed four subgroups based on the degree of preoperative myopia considering mean BSCVA and loss of two or more lines. Results: Mean UCVAs and BSCVAs were obtained at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (1.23/1.35 and 1.23/1.37, respectively). The mean predictability was within ±0.125 diopters. Conversely, the safety indexes were 0.94 and 0.96 respectively, and the efficacy indexes were 0.86 and 0.86 at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. 8.4% eyes and 5.2% eyes lost two or more lines of BSCVA at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. The mean BSCVAs of the high or ultra-high groups were significantly lower than those of the low or mild groups both 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. The incidence rates of losing two or more lines of BSCVA in the high or ultra-high myopia groups were significantly greater than in the low or mild groups at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: LASEK predictably corrected myopia achieving >1.2 in UCVA and BSCVA. However, the safety and efficacy indexes were <1.0, which were related to the loss of two or more lines of BSCVA. Since the incidence rates of losing two or more lines of BSCVA were greater in the high or ultra-high myopia groups, we consider LASEK as more safely performed in patients with low to mild preoperative myopia.

Systematic review/meta-analysis re-evaluation of clinical effects of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To re-evaluate the systematic review of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatmentwith total glucosides of paeony (TGP) to provide evidence-based evidence for the treatmentof RA with TGP in the clinic. Methods: A total of eight databases including CNKI, Wan FangData, CBM, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched bycomputer for the systematic reviews/meta-analyses concerning the treatment of RA withTGP. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to May 2, 2022.Literature screening was conducted based on the randomized controlled trial, and thematerials of the included literature were extracted. Using the preferred reporting items forsystematic reviews and meta-analyses statement. The a measurement tool to assesssystematic reviews 2 scale and grades of recommendation, assessment, development, andevaluation system evaluated the reporting quality, methodological quality, and outcomeindicators evidence levels included in the literature. Results: Six systematicreviews/meta-analysis literature were finally included. Evaluation of the preferred reportingitems for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement showed that the overall reportingquality of included literature was low, and only one piece with high quality was included.The results of the a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2 scale evaluationshowed that the qualities of included literature were all low-level and highly low-level. Thegrades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation evidence qualityevaluation showed a total of 39 outcome indicators in the six included literature, and alloutcome indicators were intermediate, low-level, and extremely low in evidence evaluation.Conclusion: Many pieces of evidence show that TGP has certain advantages in alleviatingclinical symptoms, reducing adverse reactions, and reducing hepatotoxicity in the treatmentof RA, but this conclusion lacks high-level evidence to support it, which needs to be provedby more studies in the future.

Application of Intuitionistic Z-Numbers in Supplier Selection

Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers incorporate the membership and non-membership degrees.In contrast,Z-numbers consist of restriction components,with the existence of a reliability component describing the degree of certainty for the restriction.The combination of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and Z-numbers produce a new type of fuzzy numbers,namely intuitionistic Z-numbers(IZN).The strength of IZN is their capability of better handling the uncertainty compared to Zadeh's Z-numbers since both components of Z-numbers are charac-terized by the membership and non-membership functions,exhibiting the degree of the hesitancy of decision-makers.This paper presents the application of such numbers in fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making problems.A decision-making model is proposed using the trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy power ordered weighted average as the aggregation function and the ranking function to rank the alternatives.The proposed model is then implemented in a supplier selection problem.The obtained ranking is compared to the existing models based on Z-numbers.The results show that the ranking order is slightly different from the existing models.Sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the obtained ranking.The sensitivity analysis result shows that the best supplier is obtained using the proposed model with 80%to 100%consistency despite the drastic change of criteria weights.Intuitionistic Z-numbers play a very important role in describing the uncertainty in the decision makers’opinions in solving decision-making problems.

不同集中度下供应商稳定性对公司债务融资成本的影响

近年来,上市公司供应商断供事件频发,对公司的经营管理产生了不可忽视的负面影响,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。基于此,从外部利益相关者债权人的视角,收集整理2008—2021年沪深A股804家上市公司2825个年度供应商稳定性数据,实证检验供应商稳定性对公司债务融资成本的影响及其机制。研究发现,供应商稳定性能够显著降低公司的债务融资成本,表明外部债权人更看好供应商关系稳定的公司。调节机制分析表明,较高的供应商集中度会削弱供应商稳定性对债务融资成本的降低效应。在采用替换变量、更换回归模型、赫克曼两步法、倾向得分匹配法进行稳健性检验后,以上结论仍然成立。从作用机制上看,供应商稳定性通过提升供应链效率降低债务融资成本。异质性分析发现,在大规模公司、行业市场竞争程度较强及地区市场化程度较高的公司样本中,供应商稳定性对债务融资成本的降低效应更显著。为更有效降低公司债务融资成本,公司应重视供应商的管理和维护,保持稳定的供应商关系,提高供应链效率;为充分发挥供应商稳定性对公司债务融资成本的降低效应,应将供应商集中度控制在合理水平;应实施差异化供应商管理策略,大规模公司、行业市场竞争较强及地区市场化程度较高的公司要高度重视供应商稳定性的促进作用,着力完善供应商关系管理,促使公司确定更合理的供应商稳定性水平。

客户资产减值与供应商企业投资

高效投资是产业链安全的重要保证,供应链信息溢出效应会导致客户信息对供应商企业投资产生影响。本文运用中国上市公司的供应商企业—客户关系数据,考察了客户资产减值如何影响供应商企业投资。研究发现,客户资产减值会降低供应商企业的投资水平,这验证了客户资产减值在供应链上存在溢出效应。进一步研究发现,客户资产减值通过使供应商企业的管理层产生悲观预期,以及加剧供应商企业的经营风险,进而降低供应商企业的投资水平,但未通过减少信贷资源供给影响供应商企业的投资。此外,对于非国有控股、较弱议价能力、较低行业资产流动性及较高客户媒体关注度的供应商企业,客户资产减值对其投资水平的负向影响更为明显。本文研究结论不仅为客户信息影响上游供应商企业投资提供了经验证据,而且还为监管层规范企业计提资产减值行为,进而提升供应链整体投资效率提供了政策启示。

网络嵌入与双元学习如何提升供应商创新性——一个模糊集定性比较分析

供应商创新性在推动供应链创新发展中发挥重要作用。既有文献侧重研究单个或多因素对供应商创新性的净效应,鲜有分析多因素对供应商创新性的协同效应。面对日益复杂和高度不确定的外部环境,需从整体角度探索供应商创新驱动路径。基于组态视角,采用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),从网络嵌入和双元学习两个层面探讨4个前因条件对供应商创新性的联动效应及其作用路径。研究发现:关系嵌入、结构嵌入、利用式学习和探索式学习并不是构成企业提高或导致非高水平供应商创新性的必要条件,且单个前因条件对供应商创新水平的解释力较弱,提高供应商创新性的影响因素是多方面的;存在4条驱动供应商创新性的路径,即互动—学习模式、合作共创模式、学习驱动模式、探索-引领模式;导致非高水平供应商创新性的路径有2条,且与供应商创新性提升路径具有非对称性;网络嵌入与双元学习的合理匹配,对提升供应商创新性具有重要作用。研究结论不仅可深化供应链创新、网络嵌入和双元学习相关理论,而且可为提高供应商创新性、促进供应链创新发展提供借鉴。

Selecting suitable key supplier for core components during smart complex equipment central-private enterprises collaborative development process:from two different forms of evaluation information and matching perspective

With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.

基于云-TOPSIS法的应急物流供应商综合评价

为实现应急物流降本增效的目标,从供应商层面出发,运用云-逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)评价应急物流供应商综合能力;根据应急物流特点,从应急响应能力、物资质量、成本控制、应急响应柔性、企业内外部条件等5方面,构建应急物流供应商综合评价指标体系;借鉴博弈论思想,将用改进熵权法求得的客观权重和用层次分析法(AHP)求得的主观权重作为博弈对手,确定最优组合权重;运用云模型量化指标决策云和加权云对供应商的模糊定性评价语义;采用TOPSIS法构建正负理想解集合,计算备选方案与正负理想解的距离确定相对贴近度,确定最优备选方案。研究结果表明:指标决策云能准确地将评价语言量化,云-TOPSIS法的评价结果更合理;在供应商相对贴近度排序中,采用云-TOPSIS法计算的最优与最劣者差值为0.3315,而TOPSIS法为0.0882,两者相差0.2433,表明云-TOPSIS法的评价结果区分度更大,能更直观地辅助决策者做出最优选择。

零售商促销努力驱动下供应商入侵决策

引入由单个供应商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链,考虑供应商拥有入侵能力和供应商没有入侵能力两种情形,构建了供应商与零售商之间的价格竞争模型,分析了零售商促销努力驱动下供应商的入侵决策方案.研究发现:供应商形成入侵能力所需的固定成本会对供应商的入侵决策产生影响,有入侵能力的供应商会在一定条件下向零售商承诺不入侵;零售商的促销策略会受供应商入侵能力的影响,选择促销对零售商来说并不总是有利的;零售商促销带来高收益的区域随着促销效率的增加而增加,零售商的促销效率越大,零售商利润也越高.

高管过度自信与供应商关系:集中化还是多元化?

“十四五”规划以及党的二十大报告提出要重视产业链与供应链现代化水平,着力提升供应链韧性及安全水平。本文利用2003—2022年沪深A股上市公司数据,从“为公”和“为私”两个视角探究高管过度自信对企业供应商战略决策的影响。研究发现:(1)拥有过度自信高管的企业倾向于表现出集中的供应商关系,高管过度自信对供应商关系的影响“为私”视角占据主导;(2)集中的供应商关系是过度自信高管盈余管理行为的必然结果;(3)资源约束能够负向调节高管过度自信对供应商集中度的影响;(4)融资约束、经济政策不确定性、行业竞争程度能够正向调节高管过度自信对供应商集中度的影响。以上研究结论有助于探索影响企业供应商关系的前因,厘清企业供应商集中度较高的内在作用机理。

绿色发展视角下钢铁产业物资供应商评价与选择

钢铁产业原材料成本占产品成本的70%左右甚至更高,加强钢铁产业原材料供应商管理,建立完善的供应商评价体系,是钢铁产业降本增效的重要举措。为了科学合理的对供应商进行评价与选择,针对我国对钢铁行业提出的降成本、增效率、低能耗的发展要求,从经济、效率以及社会效益三个维度,构建了钢铁行业供应商评价体系,并对各个指标进行细分,运用层次分析法,结合实例分析,最终确定影响钢铁行业供应商选择的关键指标是效率指标,其次是经济指标,最后是社会效益指标,为钢铁行业供应商的选择提供借鉴。

供应链关系对企业数字化转型的影响分析——基于空间滞后模型和门槛效应模型的实证研究

供应链关系反映了企业对供应商和客户的依赖程度,企业应当将供应链管理作为其核心战略,并根据供应链结构特点有针对性地进行数字化转型。选取中国2015—2021年间A股制造业上市公司为样本,采用空间滞后模型和门槛效应模型探究供应链关系对企业数字化转型的影响。研究发现:企业数字化转型具有空间溢出效应,供应商集中度整体上抑制企业数字化转型,客户集中度整体上对企业数字化转型无显著影响。同时,供应商集中度对企业数字化转型的影响存在单门槛效应,当供应商集中度小于门槛值时,促进企业数字化转型,当大于门槛值时,将阻碍企业数字化转型;客户集中度对企业数字化转型的影响存在单门槛效应,越过门槛值后,对企业数字化转型的抑制作用减缓。研究结果表明,为了应对市场的不确定性,企业建立灵活的供应链关系有助于推动数字化转型。

基于新型粗糙模糊集混合算法的装配式建筑构件供应商选择

装配式建筑构件的供应商选择是实现装配式建筑快速发展的关键。基于在专家权重未知的情况下,构建专家信誉-技术权重模型;基于装配式建筑的特点,构建指标评价体系;对专家评价值采用新型粗糙模糊集系统的方法进行处理,将[0,1]矩阵转化成区间模糊数矩阵,降低决策者的主观性和模糊性。在进行供应商选择排序中,提出一种TOPSIS-GRA-MARCOS的混合算法,计算各备选供应商的效用函数并对供应商进行择优。最后结合实例分析,证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。

基于网络演算的复杂产品系统供应商风险度量

复杂产品系统研制过程中供应商之间协同设计制造复杂性高,风险通过供应商间的协作关系相互作用和传导。面向复杂产品系统,构建供应商层次网络,考虑供应商风险累积与风险应对及时性的交互影响,通过引入通信领域网络演算理论,基于积压和时延性能指标刻画风险的特征,将不确定的供应商风险量化问题转化为最坏边界求值问题,实现风险的确界度量。以航空复杂产品系统为例对模型进行验证,可以辨识供应商在协同研制过程中面临的重要风险,为复杂产品系统供应商风险管理提供参考依据。

供应商集中度对企业财务绩效的双刃剑效应——基于组织、战略、环境的匹配视角

近年来,全球供应链面临诸多挑战,供应商断供事件频发,对企业生产经营影响深远。作为供应链上游的供应商是企业重要利益相关者,企业应构建与供应商的良好关系,提升其财务绩效。供应商集中度反映企业与供应商之间交易关系的紧密程度,直接关系到供应链韧性和安全性。因此,理解供应商集中度与企业财务绩效之间的关系对提升供应链韧性、推动产业链供应链结构优化升级至关重要。以2012—2021年我国战略性新兴产业下A股高端制造业上市公司为样本,实证分析供应商集中度对企业财务绩效的双刃剑效应,并基于组织、战略、环境的匹配视角,检验组织特征、战略导向、环境条件等具体情境因素对两者关系的调节作用。组织特征表现为企业规模,战略导向表现为成本领先战略、差异化战略和多元化战略,环境条件表现为环境不确定性。研究发现:供应商集中度与企业财务绩效之间并非是促进或阻碍的单一线性关系,而是呈现倒U形关系。企业规模、环境不确定性削弱供应商集中度与企业财务绩效的倒U形关系。成本领先战略、差异化战略强化供应商集中度与企业财务绩效的倒U形关系,而多元化战略对供应商集中度与财务绩效的倒U形关系不存在显著的调节作用。基于此,企业应根据自身的组织特征、战略导向及外部环境灵活调整与供应商的战略合作关系,与其上游供应商保持稳定但不过分依赖的健康关系,不要被主要供应商绑架。地方政府在制定相关政策时,应警惕供应商过度集中和垄断,防范市场失衡,促进公平竞争,确保产业链的健康和可持续发展。

企业数字化转型对供应商创新的机制影响研究

在数字经济快速发展背景下,数字化转型已成为企业的关注焦点,供应商作为企业发展的重要合作伙伴,其创新水平受到广泛关注。基于供应商-客户关系视角,以2012—2021年A股上市制造业企业为样本,探究企业数字化转型对供应商创新的作用机制。研究发现:第一,企业数字化转型与供应商创新绩效正相关,表明企业数字化转型有助于供应商创新绩效的提高,该结论在经过一系列稳健性和内生性检验后依旧成立;第二,供应商集中度对企业数字化转型促进供应商创新具有正向调节作用;第三,进一步分析发现,企业数字化转型通过倒逼效应和创新溢出效应促进供应商创新绩效提升。

绿色技术创新、供应商关系与企业ESG表现--社会信任的调节作用

基于利益相关者资源基础观,从供应链视角出发,以2013—2022年中国A股制造业上市公司的数据为样本,研究绿色技术创新与企业ESG表现之间的作用机制。研究发现,绿色技术创新对企业ESG表现有正向作用;绿色技术创新通过降低供应商集中度和供应商波动提高企业ESG表现;社会信任可以正向调节绿色技术创新与企业ESG表现之间的关系;在国有企业、高科技企业中,绿色技术创新对企业ESG表现的促进作用更显著。制造业企业应深度挖掘绿色技术创新价值,将其融入战略规划核心层面;政府也应通过政策激励,多支持企业进行绿色转型。

企业前瞻性环保导向驱动开放式绿色创新效能提升路径研究——基于供应商资源编排视角

供应商参与制造企业开放式绿色创新是制造企业实施开放式绿色创新的常见形态。从供应商资源编排视角,探究制造企业前瞻性环保导向驱动开放式绿色创新效能提升路径。基于231个制造商—供应商配对样本数据的实证研究表明:供应商作为资源提供者参与以及供应商作为共同创造者参与,是制造企业在开放式绿色创新中编排供应商参与角色的两种形式,能够在前瞻性环保导向与开放式绿色创新效能之间发挥不完全中介作用;制造商—供应商不对称依赖正向调节供应商作为资源提供者参与的中介作用,但对供应商作为共同创造者参与的中介作用发挥负向调节作用;两种供应商参与角色编排形式的中介效应比重会随着双方不对称依赖程度变化而改变。结论不仅能够丰富开放式绿色创新研究,而且可为中国制造企业贯彻落实创新驱动绿色转型发展方针提供理论参考。

基于CRITIC-TOPSIS模型的图书馆图书供应商评价研究

[目的/意义]旨在构建图书供应商的评价指标体系与评价模型,为图书馆优选图书供应商提供决策依据和方法。[方法/过程]以BSC模型为分析基础从供应商的影响力、供应能力、服务水平、价格、响应能力等维度形成了图书供应商的评价指标体系,构建了CRITIC-TOPSIS评价模型,以对图书供应商进行评价和选择。[结果/结论]该评价模型考虑了评价指标间的变异性和相关性,缓解了选择图书供应商时存在的主观不确定性,可以为图书馆选择优质图书供应商提供方法和指导。