The Iranian concept of home goes far beyond physicat aspects, and its essence is interwoven with the spiritual nature of humankind. This concept has gained new meanings with the modernization and industrialization of ...The Iranian concept of home goes far beyond physicat aspects, and its essence is interwoven with the spiritual nature of humankind. This concept has gained new meanings with the modernization and industrialization of societies. In Iranian architecture, every need is realized in socio-physical systems as wetl as in design issues. Therefore, spatial retationships are centrat to architecture, especially residential architecture that addresses a great proportion of an individuat＇s dairy rife. Space syntax seeks to exptain how spatial configurations express social or cuttural meanings. One such meaning is confidentiatity, which was mainly introduced into Iranian architecture as a resutt of retigious betiefs. In Iranian architecture, confidentiality is viewed from the aspect of privacy. This study is a case study that makes use of description, anatysis, and logica[ reasoning. The objective is to analyze behavioral patterns in the spatiat configurations of traditional and modern houses in Hamedan. In so doing, library research, software simutation with the UCL Depthmap package, and comparison techniques are utilized. The findings indicate that the spatial configurations of houses have changed in the course of time. In terms of the indices of spatial configurations, however, the striking difference between traditionat and modern houses in Hamedan revolves around the integration and equivalence of aU spaces in a house. In other words, the hierarchy of access to spaces and the recognition of territories are limited in modern houses. Hence, privacy in modern houses fades.展开更多
High-performance relaxor ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 have been grown successfully by a modified Bridgman method. They have the size of 25×25×50 mm3 and are of pure perovskite phases...High-performance relaxor ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 have been grown successfully by a modified Bridgman method. They have the size of 25×25×50 mm3 and are of pure perovskite phases with tetragonal or rhombohedral structures. Their {001} faces appear dominantly, which can be interpreted by the model of an-ionic coordination polyhedral growth units. Main macro defects observed under optical microscopes and SEM can be reduced or removed by improving growth parameters after understanding their formation mechanism. 71°or 109°macrodomains in rhombohedral PMNT 76/24 crystals and 90°macrodomains in tetragonal PMNT 65/35 crystals have been observed by optical microscopes. It has been found that the transition from microdomains to macrodomains can be induced by compositions. Both the imaging mechanism of non-180° domains and the relation between domain configurations and ferroelectric phase transition have been analyzed.展开更多
文摘The Iranian concept of home goes far beyond physicat aspects, and its essence is interwoven with the spiritual nature of humankind. This concept has gained new meanings with the modernization and industrialization of societies. In Iranian architecture, every need is realized in socio-physical systems as wetl as in design issues. Therefore, spatial retationships are centrat to architecture, especially residential architecture that addresses a great proportion of an individuat＇s dairy rife. Space syntax seeks to exptain how spatial configurations express social or cuttural meanings. One such meaning is confidentiatity, which was mainly introduced into Iranian architecture as a resutt of retigious betiefs. In Iranian architecture, confidentiality is viewed from the aspect of privacy. This study is a case study that makes use of description, anatysis, and logica[ reasoning. The objective is to analyze behavioral patterns in the spatiat configurations of traditional and modern houses in Hamedan. In so doing, library research, software simutation with the UCL Depthmap package, and comparison techniques are utilized. The findings indicate that the spatial configurations of houses have changed in the course of time. In terms of the indices of spatial configurations, however, the striking difference between traditionat and modern houses in Hamedan revolves around the integration and equivalence of aU spaces in a house. In other words, the hierarchy of access to spaces and the recognition of territories are limited in modern houses. Hence, privacy in modern houses fades.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59995520), the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Municipal Government.
文摘High-performance relaxor ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 have been grown successfully by a modified Bridgman method. They have the size of 25×25×50 mm3 and are of pure perovskite phases with tetragonal or rhombohedral structures. Their {001} faces appear dominantly, which can be interpreted by the model of an-ionic coordination polyhedral growth units. Main macro defects observed under optical microscopes and SEM can be reduced or removed by improving growth parameters after understanding their formation mechanism. 71°or 109°macrodomains in rhombohedral PMNT 76/24 crystals and 90°macrodomains in tetragonal PMNT 65/35 crystals have been observed by optical microscopes. It has been found that the transition from microdomains to macrodomains can be induced by compositions. Both the imaging mechanism of non-180° domains and the relation between domain configurations and ferroelectric phase transition have been analyzed.
