Development of the N-Doped Cu-Carbon Composite as a Novel Catalyst for the Removal Reactive Black 5

In this study, two Cu-based catalysts with and without N doped carbon matrix, named N-Cu/CuO/C and Cu/CuO were synthesized via calcination of melamine-cupper acetate complex and cupper acetate at 500°C under an inert atmosphere. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and CHNS elemental analyzer. The catalytic activity of both catalysts was evaluated through the NaBH4 associated reduction of commercial textile dye named reactive black 5 (RB5). The kinetics of the reduction of reactive black 5 was also described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. For the studied reduction, N-Cu/CuO/C exhibited enhanced catalytic activity both in conversion and kinetics (97% conv. in 315 sec) compared to that of by Cu/CuO/C (25% conv. in 1500 sec). Besides, N-Cu/CuO/C also demonstrated good reusability up to four consecutive cycles.

Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrochemical Sensor for Reactive Black 5

Cyclic voltammograms of reactive black5 (RB5) at different pHs in the range 1.0 - 13.0 on multiwall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode revealed the presence of one well-defined irreversible anodic peak around 975 mV in acidic and neutral pHs. Adsorption controlled oxidation observed at acidic pH 1.0 resulted in the maximum peak current response in cyclic voltammograms. A systematic differential pulse stripping voltammetric studies were carried out using the modified electrode at pH 1.0. The accumulation parameters, accumulation potential and time were optimized for maximum adsorption of the dye which was ascertained from the SEM photographs and XRD results. The stripping parameters were optimized and calibration was made under optimum conditions. The range of study was from 0.5 ppm to 100 ppm and the lower limit of determination was 100 ppm. Five identical experiments were carried out and the RSD value obtained was 2.5% suggesting good reproducibility. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of dye in the fabric and wastewater after dyeing.

Biodecolorization and partial mineralization of Reactive Black 5 by a strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

A strain of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris W1, isolated from a lab-scale anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating textile e?uent was demonstrated to decolorize Reactive Black 5 (RB5) effciently under anaerobic condition. By a series of batch tests, the suitable conditions for RB5 decolorization were obtained, namely, pH < 10, light presence, glutamine or lactate as carbon source with concentration more than 500 mg/L when lactate is selected, NH4Cl as a nitrogen source wi...

Effects of glucose on the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 by yeast isolates

The cometabolic roles of glucose were investigated in decolorization of an azo dye, Reactive Black 5, by yeast isolates, Debaryomyces polymorphus and Candida tropicalis. The results indicated that the dye degradation by the two yeasts was highly associated with the yeast growth process and glucose presence in the medium. Color removal of 200 mg dye/L was increased from 76.4% to 92.7% within 60 h to 100% within 18-24 h with the increase of glucose from 5 to 10 g/L, although the activity of manganese dependent peroxidase （MnP） decreased by 2-8 times in this case. Hydrogen peroxide of 233.3 μg/L was detected in 6 h in D. polymorphus culture. The cometabolic functions of glucose and hydrogen peroxide could be also confirmed by the further color removals of 95.8% or 78,9% in the second cycle of decolorization tests in which 7 g glucose/L or 250 μg H202/L was superadded respectively together with 200 mg dye/L.

TiO₂PC500 Coated on Non Woven Paper with SiO₂as a Binder-Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Black 5 in Aqueous Solution

Photocatalytic discoloration kinetics of Reactive Black 5 (RB5), a vinylsulfone dye, has been studied spectrophotometrically by following the decrease in dye concentration with time at ambient conditions using a flow loop reactor. UV lump, Black Light Blue (BLB) emitting at maximum wavelength of 365 nm and Ahlstrom Research Service paper consistent of TiO2 P500 coated on non woven paper was used respectively as source of UV light and photocatalyst. At natural pH, the result shows that photolysis of RB5 and its adsorption in the presence of photocatalyst was negligible while the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) permits 30.8% of RB5 degradation. The degradation of dye was studied under a variety of conditions such as volumetric flow rate, initial pH, photocatalyst reuse, and in the presence of electron acceptor such as sodium persulphate ((Na)2S2O8). The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The circulation flow rate of 108 L/h was the best. The rate constant calculated when the initial pH was varied shows that pH 3 was more favorable for RB5 removal. Peroxydisulphate ions have the strong effect on RB5 discoloration even in dark without and with photocatalyst. When UV light was used in the presence of photocatalyst, 50 min was enough for quasi-total removal of RB5 with (0.2 M).

Biotransformation of Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5 Dyes Using <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) is the most important industrial microorganisms. This yeast is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking bread and bakery products, where it produces carbon dioxide from converting of the fermentable sugars present in the dough. Nowadays, industrial and chemical activities led to produce new compounds with new kinds of contamination in the environment. Discharge of untreated or partially treated industrial sewage has created the contamination problems of rivers and lakes such as drugs, oil, heavy metals, paints, pesticides and various chemical compounds in them. Hence, it is necessary to control and reduce the levels of these compounds in wastewater and bring them to permissible values. This study aims to study the bioconversion potential of commonly available Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the two textile dyes of Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reaction mixtures for biotransformation of dyes included 50 mg/l Carmoisine or 25 mg/l Reactive Black 5 and 1% dried harvested cells of S. cerevisiae (bread’s yeast) were tested. Harvested dry and wet yeast were studied for this purpose. The results show that harvested cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to bioconvert Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reactive Black 5, Carmoisine are degraded by biotransformation 85% and 53% within 24 hours in water at the room temperature.

Rational design of Aspergillus flavus A5p1-immobilized cell system to enhance the decolorization of reactive blue 4(RB4)

Anthraquinone dyes are a class of typical carcinogenic and hard-biodegradable organic pollutants.This study aimed to enhance the decolorization of anthraquinone dye by rationally designing an expected immobilized system.Reactive blue 4(RB4) was used as a substrate model and a previous isolated dyedegrading strain Aspergillus flavus A5pl was purposefully immobilized.Considering the effects of cell attachment and mass transfer,the polyurethane foam(PUF) with open pore structure was selected as the immobilization carrier.Results showed that the RB4 decolorization efficiency was significant enhanced after immobilization.Compared to the free mycelium system,the decolorization time of200 mg·L^(-1)RB4 was shortened from 48 h to 28 h by the PUF-immobilized cell system.Moreover,the PUF-immobilized system could tolerate RB4 up to 2000 mg-L^(-1).In the packed bed bioreactor(PBBR),an average decolorization efficiency of 93.3% could be maintained by the PUF-immobilized system for26 days.The decolorization process of RB4 was well described by the logistic equation and the degradation pathway was discussed.It was found that the higher specific growth rate of the PUF-immobilized cells was one of reasons for the enhanced decolorization.The good performance of the PUFimmobilized cell system would make it have potential application value for RB4 bioremediation.

CFS氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑RB5(英文)

研究了复合高铁酸盐溶液（CFS）氧化降解活性黑（RB5）染料废水的反应条件和降解机理。结果表明：CFS氧化降解RB5的最佳pH范围为pH〈10，并且在该范围内Fe（VI）的反应速率较快。当pH=8-9，CFS投加量为20mg·L^-1时，氧化反应5min和20min时，RB5的脱色率分别为80％和95％。对TOC和COD的去除实验表明，在氧化反应过程中存在有机分子的矿化反应，但矿化速率远低于脱色反应速率。UV-Vis和FTIR结果表明，染料分子中的偶氮基团能被Fe（VI）氧化破坏，并且处理后样品中RB5的特征红外吸收峰消失，说明了染料分子中部分苯环和萘环被破坏，从而使得染料废水的毒性降低、可生化性提高。因此，CFS作为一种高效、低廉的强氧化剂，为染料工业废水的处理提供了一个可行的方法。

污泥基生物炭制备及其对活性黑5染料的吸附研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料制备生物炭是富有潜力的剩余污泥资源化途径。利用剩余污泥制备了生物炭,将其用于处理废水中的有机染料活性黑5,通过调整制备工艺参数,考察了粒径、反应温度和投加量对污泥基生物炭吸附性能的影响,并对其结构和形貌进行了研究,结果表明:原料污泥粒径、反应温度对污泥基生物炭吸附性能均有明显影响,最佳制备工艺条件为采用0.074 nm(200目)粒径污泥颗粒、反应温度450℃经马弗炉焚烧制取;污泥基生物炭投加量为7 g/L时,对50 mg/L模拟废水中活性黑5染料的去除率可达到79.66%,吸附量为5.7 mg/g,对100 mg/L模拟废水中活性黑5染料的去除率可达到68.76%,吸附量为9.8 mg/g。

废铁屑活化过硫酸盐降解偶氮染料RB5废水

采用废铁屑活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解偶氮染料废水,研究铁屑投加量、过硫酸盐浓度和初始pH值对活性黑5(RB5)降解过程的影响及动力学模型.结果表明:初始pH值为6,PS浓度为0.5mmol·L^(-1),废铁屑投加量为1g·L^(-1)条件为最优的反应条件;反应50min后,活性黑5去除率可达到90.22%,180min后去除率可达到96.97%,反应后溶液中总铁的溶出量为97.32mg·L^(-1);RB5降解后,产生的副产物苯胺的质量浓度为0.13mg·L^(-1),反应后出水的pH值从初始的6变为4.01,废铁屑/PS体系降解RB5的降解动力学符合一级动力学反应;采用废铁屑活化过硫酸盐工艺降解偶氮染料废水具有反应速度快,不需调整初始pH值、运行成本低等优势.

好氧颗粒污泥对活性黑5染料的降解

为探究活性黑5染料在好氧颗粒污泥系统中的去除效果和降解机理,在等工作体积的序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)中,采用厌氧好氧交替环境培养好氧颗粒污泥处理模拟偶氮染料废水,测定SBR系统对COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、PO_(4)^(3-)-P的去除效率及对活性黑5的去除负荷,并通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析偶氮染料的去除机理。结果表明:SBR系统对污染物去除效果良好,培养末期对COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、PO_(4)^(3-)-P的去除率分别可达90%、95%、95%以上,对活性黑5的去除负荷稳定在约0.005 kg·(kg·d)^(-1)。活性黑5的偶氮键断裂主要发生在厌氧阶段,产生的含苯环和萘环的中间产物主要在好氧阶段通过氧化去除。16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果显示,偶氮染料提高了SBR系统硝化菌门以及具有反硝化或降解芳香类物质功能的Paracoccus、Azoarcus和Thauera属的丰度。

高效混合菌群FF的筛选及其对活性黑5的脱色作用

利用梯度浓度压力驯化法,从运行良好的印染废水生物处理系统(A+OSA剩余污泥减量系统)二号厌氧反应器活性污泥中,筛选驯化出对活性黑5具有良好脱色性能的混合菌群FF,针对其染料脱色性能进行了一系列研究.结果表明:混合菌群FF在活性黑5初始质量浓度为200mg/L的脱色培养基中,在35℃、pH值为8.0的条件下,静置培养12h,测定其平均脱色率为84.6%,24h后其最高脱色率可达91.4%;混合菌群FF具有一定的耐盐能力,在NaCl质量分数为4%时,24h后脱色率仍保持在91.0%;同时混合菌群FF对活性蓝19、活性艳橙X-GN、活性红239等多种小分子活性染料具有较好脱色性能,静置培养24h时,脱色率都达到了90.0%以上,说明混合菌群FF对偶氮类活性染料脱色具有一定的普适性.利用液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)测定混合菌群作用过程中活性黑5的脱色降解中间产物,初步推测了其脱色降解机理.同时利用纯培养16SrDNA鉴定技术对混合菌群FF的群落结构进行解析,发现混合菌群FF中的功能优势菌群主要为变形菌纲(Gamma-proteobacteria)的克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)细菌和变形杆菌属(Proteus)细菌.

活性黑5脱色菌的分离鉴定及其脱色特性

从改良A2O反应器的厌氧污泥中分离得到1株活性黑5的脱色菌菌株GY-1,经过对其菌落形态、生化特性以及16SrDNA基因序列的分析,该菌株初步鉴定为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)。考察生长条件对活性黑5脱色的影响,得出该菌株对活性黑5脱色的最佳条件:接种量为8%(体积分数)、初始pH为7.0、温度为35℃。在该条件下,菌株GY-1对不同初始浓度活性黑5的脱色反应过程进行动力学分析,在活性黑5初始质量浓度为25~100 mg/L时符合一级反应动力学特征。

铁氧化物联合低含量亚铁离子催化H_2O_2降解偶氮染料活性黑5

采用铁污泥（铁氧化物）／Fe^2＋／H2O2法对模拟染料废水进行处理。以活性黑5染料溶液为研究对象，比较了不N氧化体系下活性黑5的脱色效果，其中铁氧化物／Fe^2＋／H2O2对活性黑5的脱色效果最佳；考察了溶液pH、H2O2含量、铁氧化物投加量、染料初始含量对脱色效率的影响。结果表明，脱色反应在60min内基本完成，铁氧化物／Fe^2＋/H2O2能在较宽的pH范围内保持较好的脱色效果；增加H2O2含量和铁氧化物投加量均可以提高活性黑5溶液脱色率，但H2O2质量浓度超过5．78mg／L后效果提高不明显；在15～450mg／L内，铁氧化物投加量的增加对脱色效果的影响不显著；染料脱色率随染料初始含量的升高而降低。

活性黑5的生物脱色、复色现象及机理

印染废水问题形势依然严峻,目前常用生物法来治理,筛选高效降解染料的微生物是生物法处理印染废水的关键。本文利用梯度浓度压力驯化法,从印染废水水解酸化反应器中筛选出对染料活性黑5具有良好脱色性能的混合菌群DDMY1。利用该菌群在兼氧条件下对活性黑5进行脱色研究,首先采用拍照方式记录其反复脱色、复色的直观效果,其次运用紫外-可见光分光光度计检测其不同时间、不同状态下脱色液吸光值情况,最后运用气相色谱质谱联用仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等检测方法分析脱色、复色过程中产物情况。结果表明,混合菌群DDMY1对活性黑5的脱色性能显著,24h脱色率能达到97.4%。同时,发现活性黑5的兼氧生物脱色反应可有效反复脱色、复色达17次之多,根据分析测试的结果,初步推测该现象可能是由活性黑5降解产物中的苯胺类物质或萘醌类物质造成的。

颗粒活性炭催化臭氧氧化降解活性黑5

本文以深度处理后印染废水为配水模拟实际废水,对颗粒活性炭催化臭氧氧化降解活性黑5进行了研究.用低温N_2吸附-脱附等温线、SEM-EDS等对颗粒活性炭进行了表征,发现颗粒活性炭比表面积高达931 m^2·g^(-1).考察了颗粒活性炭吸附性能和催化臭氧活性,结果表明单独臭氧与颗粒活性炭催化臭氧脱色率在反应30 min内均高达100%.反应1h时,5 g·L^(-1)、10 g·L^(-1)颗粒活性炭催化臭氧TOC去除率分别为57%、74%,比单独臭氧高出33%和50%,颗粒活性炭具有良好的催化效果,能提高对污染物的矿化效果.颗粒活性炭促进了溶解性臭氧分解,重复使用6次后10 g·L^(-1)活性炭在反应时间为2 h时染料废水TOC去除率均能稳定在85%左右,多次利用后活性炭的催化活性没有明显降低.EPR检测表明,其主要机制为颗粒活性炭能够稳定地催化臭氧分子分解产生羟基自由基,实现污水中有机物的矿化.

活性黑5高效脱色菌的分离鉴定和生长特性研究

通过富集和分离的方法,从处理印染废水的AAO工艺的厌氧反应器污泥中筛选出了一株对偶氮染料活性黑5具有较强脱色能力的高效菌株S8,并对其进行形态学观察和16SrDNA测序。此外,绘制了菌株S8的生长曲线,并在不同pH、温度、接种量、装液量和氮源的生长条件下对其进行培养,以OD600值为指标,考察这些因素对菌株S8生长的影响。实验结果表明,筛选出的高效脱色菌S8在25h内对活性黑5的脱色率可达85%以上,经鉴定属于肠杆菌属,0~4h为菌株S8的生长停滞期,4~12h为对数期,12~20h为稳定期,20h以后为衰亡期,而其最适生长条件为：pH9~10,温度30℃,接种量5%,装液量50mL,以蛋白胨为氮源。

液质联用法研究活性黑5的水解产物

采用高效液相色谱 质谱联用技术研究活性染料黑 5及其水解产物的方法 ,考察了梯度洗脱对色谱分离及 pH对其水解产物的影响 ;质谱辅助定性了其水解产物。结果表明 :pH对活性黑 5的水解过程影响非常显著 ;除了常规的水解产物 ,还检测到未知水解产物 ,推测可能在水解过程中还有其它的反应存在。活性染料黑 5水解后的毒性升高 ,从染料及其水解产物的分子结构式来分析 。

厌氧生物降解活性黑KN-B5

研究了在葡萄糖作为共代谢基质时活性黑KN-B5的降解效果。实验结果表明:当葡萄糖质量浓度为1 500m g/L时,活性黑KN-B5初始质量浓度为30m g/L的染料溶液厌氧生物降解24h和48h后的降解率分别达到77.5%和90.3%;活性黑KN-B5的厌氧降解符合一级动力学方程,其反应速率常数为0.043 6h-1,半衰期为15.9h;葡萄糖质量浓度的增大对提高活性黑KN-B5厌氧生物降解效果有利。紫外-可见光谱扫描结果表明,活性黑KN-B5的降解过程中生成了小分子芳香胺类化合物;扫描电子显微镜照片表明污泥中对活性黑KN-B5起降解作用的菌种主要是杆菌和球菌。

C.I.活性黑5低温水解性能分析

为研究并有效控制活性染料在冷轧堆染色中的水解,应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）对双乙烯砜型活性染料C.I.活性黑5在低温下的水解性能进行定性及定量分析。结果表明：在碱性缓冲液中,C.I.活性黑5的消除反应及水解反应为假一级反应,其消除反应速率及水解反应速率均随着缓冲液pH值的增加而显著提高;在30℃、pH值为9时,C.I.活性黑5的水解反应速率常数为3.5×10^-5min^-1;相同温度下,在pH值为10、11、12时该染料的水解反应速率常数分别是pH值为9时的3、27、233倍,因此,C.I.活性黑5在冷轧堆染色时,在pH值为9－10的缓冲液中水解稳定性较好。