Reactive nitrogen oxygen species（RNOS） implicate damage in biological systems,especially leading to inflammation,neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases,and cancer by altering the functions of biomolecules thr...Reactive nitrogen oxygen species（RNOS） implicate damage in biological systems,especially leading to inflammation,neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases,and cancer by altering the functions of biomolecules through the N-nitrosation and N-nitration reactions.The mechanisms of N-nitrosation and N-nitration reactions of ammonia and dimethylamine by RNOS,i.e.,N2O3,N2O4,N2O5 and ONOOH,were investigated at the CBS-QB3 level of theory.The computational results indicate that the N-nitrosation reaction prefers a concerted mechanism,in which a H-abstraction and ON-addition occur simultaneously,whereas a stepwise mechanism（also called a free radical mechanism） is more favorable for most nitrating agents in the N-nitration reaction,where NO2 first abstracts a hydrogen atom from the nitrogen of amines and then the induced intermediate reacts with NO2 once more to form the nitration products.However,the concerted pathway is still a feasible process for some nitrating agents such as N2O5.In addition,the relationship between the structures of different RNOS and their nitrosating or nitrating abilities was also investigated.展开更多
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species （RONS） are essential for normal physiological processes and play important roles in cell signaling, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. However, excess radical species are implicat...Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species （RONS） are essential for normal physiological processes and play important roles in cell signaling, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. However, excess radical species are implicated in the development and augmented pathogenesis of various diseases. Several antioxidants may restore the chemical balance, but their use is limited by disappointing results of clinical trials. Nanoparticles are an attractive therapeutic alternative because they can change the biodistribution profile of antioxidants, and possess intrinsic ability to scavenge RONS. Herein, we review the types of RONS, how they are implicated in several diseases, and the types of nanoparticles with inherent antioxidant capability, their mechanisms of action, and their biological applications.展开更多
The dual role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(RONS)in physiological and pathological processes in biological systems has been widely reported.It has been recently suggested that the regulation of RONS levels u...The dual role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(RONS)in physiological and pathological processes in biological systems has been widely reported.It has been recently suggested that the regulation of RONS levels under physiological and pathological conditions is a potential therapy to promote health and treat diseases,respectively.Injectable hydrogels have been emerging as promising biomaterials for RONS-related biomedical applications owing to their excellent biocompatibility,three-dimensional and extracellular matrix-mimicking structures,tunable properties and easy functionalization.These hydrogels have been developed as advanced injectable platforms for locally generating or scavenging RONS,depending on the specific conditions of the target disease.In this review article,the design principles and mechanism by which RONS are generated/scavenged from hydrogels are outlined alongside a discussion of their in vitro and in vivo evaluations.Additionally,we highlight the advantages and recent developments of these injectable RONS-controlling hydrogels for regenerativemedicines and tissue engineering applications.展开更多
Nitrogen dioxide（NO2） is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. To analyze the response of plants to NO2 stress, we investigated the morphological change, reactive oxygen species（ROS） production and an...Nitrogen dioxide（NO2） is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. To analyze the response of plants to NO2 stress, we investigated the morphological change, reactive oxygen species（ROS） production and antioxidant enzyme activity in Arabidopsis thaliana（Col-0） exposed to 1.7, 4, 8.5, and 18.8 mg/m3NO2. The results indicate that NO2 exposure affected plant growth and chlorophyll（Chl） content, and increased oxygen free radical（O2-）production rate in Arabidopsis shoots. Furthermore, NO2 elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, accompanied by the induction of antioxidant enzyme activities and change of ascorbate（As A） and glutathione（GSH） contents. Following this, we mimicked nitric acid mist under experimental conditions, and confirmed the antioxidant mechanism of the plant to the stress. Our results imply that NO2 and its acid mist caused pollution risk to plant systems. During the process, increased ROS acted as a signal to induce a defense response, and antioxidant status played an important role in plant protection against NO2/nitric acid mist-caused oxidative damage.展开更多
Significant porcine embryonic loss occurs during conceptus morphological elongation and attachment from d 10 to 20 of pregnancy,which directly decreases the reproductive efficiency of sows.A successful establishment o...Significant porcine embryonic loss occurs during conceptus morphological elongation and attachment from d 10 to 20 of pregnancy,which directly decreases the reproductive efficiency of sows.A successful establishment of pregnancy mainly depends on the endometrium receptivity,embryo quality,and utero-placental microenvironment,which requires complex cross-talk between the conceptus and uterus.The understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating the uterine-conceptus communication during porcine conceptus elongation and attachment has developed in the past decades.Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species,which are intracellular reactive metabolites that regulate cell fate decisions and alter their biological functions,have recently reportedly been involved in porcine conceptus elongation and attachment.This mini-review will mainly focus on the recent researches about the role of reactive ox-ygen and nitrogen species in regulating porcine embryo development during the pre-implantation period.展开更多
In recent years,reactive species-based cancer therapies have attracted tremendous attention due to their simplicity,controllability,and effectiveness.Herein,we overviewed the state-of-art advance for photo-controlled ...In recent years,reactive species-based cancer therapies have attracted tremendous attention due to their simplicity,controllability,and effectiveness.Herein,we overviewed the state-of-art advance for photo-controlled generation of highly reactive radical species with nanomaterials for cancer therapy.First,we summarized the most widely explored reactive species,such as singlet oxygen,superoxide radical anion(O2●-),nitric oxide(●NO),carbon monoxide,alkyl radicals,and their corresponding secondary reactive species generated by interaction with other biological molecules.Then,we discussed the generating mechanisms of these highly reactive species stimulated by light irradiation,followed by their anticancer effect,and the synergetic principles with other therapeutic modalities.This review might unveil the advantages of reactive species-based therapeutic methodology and encourage the pre-clinical exploration of reactive species-mediated cancer treatments.展开更多
The Advanced Glycation End Products(AGE)binding with its receptor can increase reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation through specific signaling mediators.The effect of superoxide(O2-)and O2-mediated ROS and reactive ...The Advanced Glycation End Products(AGE)binding with its receptor can increase reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation through specific signaling mediators.The effect of superoxide(O2-)and O2-mediated ROS and reactive nitrogen species depends on their concentration and location of formation.Nitric oxide(NO)has anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties and a vasodilation effect,but NO can be deactivated by reacting with O_(2)^(-).This reaction between NO and O2-produces the potent oxidant ONOO−.Therefore,ONOO-'s regulatory role in AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications must considered as a regulator of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 20672011)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No 2092008)Beijing Nova Program (No 2008B09)
文摘Reactive nitrogen oxygen species（RNOS） implicate damage in biological systems,especially leading to inflammation,neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases,and cancer by altering the functions of biomolecules through the N-nitrosation and N-nitration reactions.The mechanisms of N-nitrosation and N-nitration reactions of ammonia and dimethylamine by RNOS,i.e.,N2O3,N2O4,N2O5 and ONOOH,were investigated at the CBS-QB3 level of theory.The computational results indicate that the N-nitrosation reaction prefers a concerted mechanism,in which a H-abstraction and ON-addition occur simultaneously,whereas a stepwise mechanism（also called a free radical mechanism） is more favorable for most nitrating agents in the N-nitration reaction,where NO2 first abstracts a hydrogen atom from the nitrogen of amines and then the induced intermediate reacts with NO2 once more to form the nitration products.However,the concerted pathway is still a feasible process for some nitrating agents such as N2O5.In addition,the relationship between the structures of different RNOS and their nitrosating or nitrating abilities was also investigated.
文摘Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species （RONS） are essential for normal physiological processes and play important roles in cell signaling, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. However, excess radical species are implicated in the development and augmented pathogenesis of various diseases. Several antioxidants may restore the chemical balance, but their use is limited by disappointing results of clinical trials. Nanoparticles are an attractive therapeutic alternative because they can change the biodistribution profile of antioxidants, and possess intrinsic ability to scavenge RONS. Herein, we review the types of RONS, how they are implicated in several diseases, and the types of nanoparticles with inherent antioxidant capability, their mechanisms of action, and their biological applications.
基金supported by a grant from Priority Research Centers Program(2019R1A6A1A11051471)funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)and Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy,the Ministry of Health&Welfare and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)(Project Number:RS-2020-KD000033)Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT 20018560,NTIS 1415180625)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘The dual role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(RONS)in physiological and pathological processes in biological systems has been widely reported.It has been recently suggested that the regulation of RONS levels under physiological and pathological conditions is a potential therapy to promote health and treat diseases,respectively.Injectable hydrogels have been emerging as promising biomaterials for RONS-related biomedical applications owing to their excellent biocompatibility,three-dimensional and extracellular matrix-mimicking structures,tunable properties and easy functionalization.These hydrogels have been developed as advanced injectable platforms for locally generating or scavenging RONS,depending on the specific conditions of the target disease.In this review article,the design principles and mechanism by which RONS are generated/scavenged from hydrogels are outlined alongside a discussion of their in vitro and in vivo evaluations.Additionally,we highlight the advantages and recent developments of these injectable RONS-controlling hydrogels for regenerativemedicines and tissue engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21477070, 21377076)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) (Nos.20121401110003, 20131401110005)+2 种基金the Project for Science and Technology Development of Shanxi Province (No.20120313009-2)the Research Project supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No.2012-009)the Program for the Top Young and Middle aged Innovative Talents of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi (TYMIT, No.20120201)
文摘Nitrogen dioxide（NO2） is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. To analyze the response of plants to NO2 stress, we investigated the morphological change, reactive oxygen species（ROS） production and antioxidant enzyme activity in Arabidopsis thaliana（Col-0） exposed to 1.7, 4, 8.5, and 18.8 mg/m3NO2. The results indicate that NO2 exposure affected plant growth and chlorophyll（Chl） content, and increased oxygen free radical（O2-）production rate in Arabidopsis shoots. Furthermore, NO2 elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, accompanied by the induction of antioxidant enzyme activities and change of ascorbate（As A） and glutathione（GSH） contents. Following this, we mimicked nitric acid mist under experimental conditions, and confirmed the antioxidant mechanism of the plant to the stress. Our results imply that NO2 and its acid mist caused pollution risk to plant systems. During the process, increased ROS acted as a signal to induce a defense response, and antioxidant status played an important role in plant protection against NO2/nitric acid mist-caused oxidative damage.
基金funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671133)
文摘Significant porcine embryonic loss occurs during conceptus morphological elongation and attachment from d 10 to 20 of pregnancy,which directly decreases the reproductive efficiency of sows.A successful establishment of pregnancy mainly depends on the endometrium receptivity,embryo quality,and utero-placental microenvironment,which requires complex cross-talk between the conceptus and uterus.The understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating the uterine-conceptus communication during porcine conceptus elongation and attachment has developed in the past decades.Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species,which are intracellular reactive metabolites that regulate cell fate decisions and alter their biological functions,have recently reportedly been involved in porcine conceptus elongation and attachment.This mini-review will mainly focus on the recent researches about the role of reactive ox-ygen and nitrogen species in regulating porcine embryo development during the pre-implantation period.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900990 and 51873228)the International Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20430711800)the Scientific Research Foundation of Nantong University(135420623085).
文摘In recent years,reactive species-based cancer therapies have attracted tremendous attention due to their simplicity,controllability,and effectiveness.Herein,we overviewed the state-of-art advance for photo-controlled generation of highly reactive radical species with nanomaterials for cancer therapy.First,we summarized the most widely explored reactive species,such as singlet oxygen,superoxide radical anion(O2●-),nitric oxide(●NO),carbon monoxide,alkyl radicals,and their corresponding secondary reactive species generated by interaction with other biological molecules.Then,we discussed the generating mechanisms of these highly reactive species stimulated by light irradiation,followed by their anticancer effect,and the synergetic principles with other therapeutic modalities.This review might unveil the advantages of reactive species-based therapeutic methodology and encourage the pre-clinical exploration of reactive species-mediated cancer treatments.
文摘The Advanced Glycation End Products(AGE)binding with its receptor can increase reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation through specific signaling mediators.The effect of superoxide(O2-)and O2-mediated ROS and reactive nitrogen species depends on their concentration and location of formation.Nitric oxide(NO)has anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties and a vasodilation effect,but NO can be deactivated by reacting with O_(2)^(-).This reaction between NO and O2-produces the potent oxidant ONOO−.Therefore,ONOO-'s regulatory role in AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications must considered as a regulator of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
