A design of the main AC/DC converter system for ITER is described and the configuration of the main AC/DC converters is presented. To reduce the reactive power absorbed from the converter units, the main AC/DC convert...A design of the main AC/DC converter system for ITER is described and the configuration of the main AC/DC converters is presented. To reduce the reactive power absorbed from the converter units, the main AC/DC converters are designed to be series-connected and work in a sequential mode. The structure of the regulator of the converter system is described. A simulation model was built up for the PSCAD/EMTDC code, and the design was validated accordingly. Harmonic analysis and reactive power calculation of the converters units are presented. The results reveal the advantage of sequential control in reducing reactive power and harmonics.展开更多
Due to the fact that a high share of renewable energy sources(RESs)are connected to high-voltage direct current(HVDC)sending-end AC power systems,the voltage and frequency regulation capabilities of HVDC sending-end A...Due to the fact that a high share of renewable energy sources(RESs)are connected to high-voltage direct current(HVDC)sending-end AC power systems,the voltage and frequency regulation capabilities of HVDC sending-end AC power systems have diminished.This has resulted in potential system operating problems such as overvoltage and overfrequency,which occur simultaneously when block faults exist in the HVDC link.In this study,a steady-state voltage security-constrained optimal frequency control method for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is proposed.The integrated virtual inertia control of RESs is employed for system frequency regulation.Additional dynamic reactive power compensation devices are utilized to control the voltage of all nodes meet voltage security constraints.Then,an optimization model that simultaneously considers the frequency and steady-state voltage security constraints for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is established.The optimal control scheme with the minimum total cost of generation tripping and additional dynamic reactive power compensation required is obtained through the optimization solution.Simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE 9-bus test system and practical Qing-Yu line commutated converter based HVDC(LCC-HVDC)sending-end AC power system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)换流器具有一定的动态无功调节能力,充分利用换流站的无功调节能力,可显著改善HVDC系统的稳定性能。文中研究了HVDC系统稳态运行时的无功功率可调节能力,分析了有功功率和无功功率相互耦合...高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)换流器具有一定的动态无功调节能力,充分利用换流站的无功调节能力,可显著改善HVDC系统的稳定性能。文中研究了HVDC系统稳态运行时的无功功率可调节能力,分析了有功功率和无功功率相互耦合的特性,以国际大电网(conference International des grands reseaux electriques,CIGRE)的HVDC标准测试模型和贵广Ⅱ直流输电工程模型为算例,对稳态工况的直流电流可运行范围进行了解析,进而求出整流、逆变两侧的无功功率可调节能力,并将其应用在无功控制中。研究发现,CIGRE的HVDC标准测试模型对于容性的无功功率和感性的无功功率调节能力相近,而贵广Ⅱ直流输电工程模型对感性无功的调节能力远大于对容性无功的调节能力。在电磁暂态仿真程序PSCAD/EMTDC中验证了无功功率可调节能力的正确性和应用价值。展开更多
特高压直流输电(ultra high voltage direct current,UHVDC)故障对电网影响严重,建立精确的可靠性模型十分必要。交流滤波器(ACfilter,ACF)子系统与交流母线并联,可补偿无功,减少谐波。谐波过大或无功不足均可能导致UHVDC降额。提出一...特高压直流输电(ultra high voltage direct current,UHVDC)故障对电网影响严重,建立精确的可靠性模型十分必要。交流滤波器(ACfilter,ACF)子系统与交流母线并联,可补偿无功,减少谐波。谐波过大或无功不足均可能导致UHVDC降额。提出一种计及无功补偿和谐波特性的ACF可靠性模型,用矩阵组合将单一型号滤波器状态空间(state space,SS)合并成ACF所有配置方案的SS模型。由ACUHVDC基波潮流确定ACF需提供无功容量等级,进而将配置方案分组。由谐波潮流计算各配置方案的谐波指标,若谐波电流超标,将配置方案移至容量等级较低分组。根据分组情况,合并配置方案为五状态容量模型。算例表明,配置方案按无功补偿分组后,可能会因不满足滤波指标而被移至0%CL分组,故0%CL状态概率可能比75%CL、50%CL或25%CL状态高。展开更多
现有低压限流环节(voltage dependent current order limitation,VDCOL)使得高压直流系统的有功和无功强耦合,不能在交流故障持续及恢复过程中充分利用换流站自身的无功支撑能力来改善其恢复性能。该文以CIGRE HVDC标准测试模型与贵广...现有低压限流环节(voltage dependent current order limitation,VDCOL)使得高压直流系统的有功和无功强耦合,不能在交流故障持续及恢复过程中充分利用换流站自身的无功支撑能力来改善其恢复性能。该文以CIGRE HVDC标准测试模型与贵广Ⅱ工程模型作为算例,对两种模型交流故障下的直流电流及无功功率可运行范围进行了分析计算,并在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真程序中进行了验证;接着,对VDCOL的外特性进行了分析,结果表明其输出的直流电流指令不在所计算的可运行范围内;最后,采用了一种替换VDCOL的无功控制策略,该策略不仅能保证故障下直流两侧的控制指令位于可运行范围内,也能改善高压直流系统的故障恢复性能。展开更多
Conversion of hourly dispatch cases derived using DC optimal power flow(DCOPF)to AC power flow(ACPF)case is often challenging and requires arduous human analysis and intervention.This paper proposes an automated two-s...Conversion of hourly dispatch cases derived using DC optimal power flow(DCOPF)to AC power flow(ACPF)case is often challenging and requires arduous human analysis and intervention.This paper proposes an automated two-stage approach to solve ACPF formulated from DCOPF dispatch cases.The first stage involved the use of the conventional Newton Raphson method to solve the ACPF from flat start,then ACPF cases that are unsolvable in the first stage are subjected to a hotstarting incremental method,based on homotopy continuation,in the second stage.Critical tasks such as the addition of reactive power compensation and tuning of voltage setpoints that typically require human intervention were automated using a criteriabased selection method and optimal power flow respectively.Two datasets with hourly dispatches for the 243-bus reduced WECC system were used to test the proposed method.The algorithm was able to convert 100%of the first set of dispatch cases to solved ACPF cases.In the second dataset with suspect dispatch cases to represent an extreme conversion scenario,the algorithm created solved ACPF cases that satisfied a defined success criterion for 77.8%of the dispatch cases.The average run time for the hotstarting algorithm to create a solved ACPF case for a dispatch was less than 1 minute for the reduced WECC system.展开更多
文摘A design of the main AC/DC converter system for ITER is described and the configuration of the main AC/DC converters is presented. To reduce the reactive power absorbed from the converter units, the main AC/DC converters are designed to be series-connected and work in a sequential mode. The structure of the regulator of the converter system is described. A simulation model was built up for the PSCAD/EMTDC code, and the design was validated accordingly. Harmonic analysis and reactive power calculation of the converters units are presented. The results reveal the advantage of sequential control in reducing reactive power and harmonics.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB2402700)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.52272222001J).
文摘Due to the fact that a high share of renewable energy sources(RESs)are connected to high-voltage direct current(HVDC)sending-end AC power systems,the voltage and frequency regulation capabilities of HVDC sending-end AC power systems have diminished.This has resulted in potential system operating problems such as overvoltage and overfrequency,which occur simultaneously when block faults exist in the HVDC link.In this study,a steady-state voltage security-constrained optimal frequency control method for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is proposed.The integrated virtual inertia control of RESs is employed for system frequency regulation.Additional dynamic reactive power compensation devices are utilized to control the voltage of all nodes meet voltage security constraints.Then,an optimization model that simultaneously considers the frequency and steady-state voltage security constraints for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is established.The optimal control scheme with the minimum total cost of generation tripping and additional dynamic reactive power compensation required is obtained through the optimization solution.Simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE 9-bus test system and practical Qing-Yu line commutated converter based HVDC(LCC-HVDC)sending-end AC power system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)换流器具有一定的动态无功调节能力,充分利用换流站的无功调节能力,可显著改善HVDC系统的稳定性能。文中研究了HVDC系统稳态运行时的无功功率可调节能力,分析了有功功率和无功功率相互耦合的特性,以国际大电网(conference International des grands reseaux electriques,CIGRE)的HVDC标准测试模型和贵广Ⅱ直流输电工程模型为算例,对稳态工况的直流电流可运行范围进行了解析,进而求出整流、逆变两侧的无功功率可调节能力,并将其应用在无功控制中。研究发现,CIGRE的HVDC标准测试模型对于容性的无功功率和感性的无功功率调节能力相近,而贵广Ⅱ直流输电工程模型对感性无功的调节能力远大于对容性无功的调节能力。在电磁暂态仿真程序PSCAD/EMTDC中验证了无功功率可调节能力的正确性和应用价值。
文摘特高压直流输电(ultra high voltage direct current,UHVDC)故障对电网影响严重,建立精确的可靠性模型十分必要。交流滤波器(ACfilter,ACF)子系统与交流母线并联,可补偿无功,减少谐波。谐波过大或无功不足均可能导致UHVDC降额。提出一种计及无功补偿和谐波特性的ACF可靠性模型,用矩阵组合将单一型号滤波器状态空间(state space,SS)合并成ACF所有配置方案的SS模型。由ACUHVDC基波潮流确定ACF需提供无功容量等级,进而将配置方案分组。由谐波潮流计算各配置方案的谐波指标,若谐波电流超标,将配置方案移至容量等级较低分组。根据分组情况,合并配置方案为五状态容量模型。算例表明,配置方案按无功补偿分组后,可能会因不满足滤波指标而被移至0%CL分组,故0%CL状态概率可能比75%CL、50%CL或25%CL状态高。
文摘现有低压限流环节(voltage dependent current order limitation,VDCOL)使得高压直流系统的有功和无功强耦合,不能在交流故障持续及恢复过程中充分利用换流站自身的无功支撑能力来改善其恢复性能。该文以CIGRE HVDC标准测试模型与贵广Ⅱ工程模型作为算例,对两种模型交流故障下的直流电流及无功功率可运行范围进行了分析计算,并在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真程序中进行了验证;接着,对VDCOL的外特性进行了分析,结果表明其输出的直流电流指令不在所计算的可运行范围内;最后,采用了一种替换VDCOL的无功控制策略,该策略不仅能保证故障下直流两侧的控制指令位于可运行范围内,也能改善高压直流系统的故障恢复性能。
基金This work was supported by the ERC Program of the National Science Foundation and DOE under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877the CURENT Industry Partnership Program,and the Bredesen Centre,University of Tennessee,Knoxville.
文摘Conversion of hourly dispatch cases derived using DC optimal power flow(DCOPF)to AC power flow(ACPF)case is often challenging and requires arduous human analysis and intervention.This paper proposes an automated two-stage approach to solve ACPF formulated from DCOPF dispatch cases.The first stage involved the use of the conventional Newton Raphson method to solve the ACPF from flat start,then ACPF cases that are unsolvable in the first stage are subjected to a hotstarting incremental method,based on homotopy continuation,in the second stage.Critical tasks such as the addition of reactive power compensation and tuning of voltage setpoints that typically require human intervention were automated using a criteriabased selection method and optimal power flow respectively.Two datasets with hourly dispatches for the 243-bus reduced WECC system were used to test the proposed method.The algorithm was able to convert 100%of the first set of dispatch cases to solved ACPF cases.In the second dataset with suspect dispatch cases to represent an extreme conversion scenario,the algorithm created solved ACPF cases that satisfied a defined success criterion for 77.8%of the dispatch cases.The average run time for the hotstarting algorithm to create a solved ACPF case for a dispatch was less than 1 minute for the reduced WECC system.