A NEW REACTIVITY INDEX——PSEUDO ORBITAL INDEX

The concept of pseudo orbital has been proposed, which includes the interactions of all the orbitals and extends the applicable limit of Fukui's frontier orbitals. An example shows that the pseudo orbital reactivity indexes are probably able to explain more complicated phenomena in chemical reactions.

Hypoperfusion assessed by pressure reactivity index is associated with delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage:an observational study

Background:Dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms that causes delayed cerebral ischemia(DCI)after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Pressure reactivity index(PRx)have been confirmed to reflect the level of cerebral autoregulation and used to derive optimal cerebral perfusion pressure(CPPopt).The goal of this study is to explore the associations between autoregulation,CPPopt,PRx,and DCI.Methods:Continuous intracranial pressure(ICP),arterial blood pressure(ABP),and cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP)signals acquired from 61 aSAH patients were retrospectively analyzed.PRx was calculated and collected by Pneumatic computer system.The CPP at the lowest PRx was determined as the CPPopt.The duration of a hypoperfusion event(dHP)was defined as the cumulative time that the PRx was>0.3 and the CPP was<CPPopt.The duration of CPP more than 10 mmHg below CPPopt(ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg)was also used to assess hypoperfusion.The percent of the time of hypoperfusion by dHP andΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg(%dHP and%ΔCPPopt)were compared between DCI group and control group,utilizing univariate and multivariable logistic regression.It was the clinical prognosis at 3 months after hemorrhage that was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale,and logistic regression and ROC analysis were used for predictive power for unfavorable outcomes(mRs 3–5).Results:Data from 52 patients were included in the final analysis of 61 patients.The mean%dHP in DCI was 29.23%and 10.66%in control.The mean%ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg was 22.28%,and 5.90%in control.The%dHP(p<0.001)and the%ΔCPPopt<−10mmHg(p<0.001)was significantly longer in the DCI group.In multivariate logistic regression model,%ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg(p<0.001)and%dHP(p<0.001)were independent risk factor for predicting DCI,and%ΔCPPopt<−10 mmHg(p=0.010)and%dHP(p=0.026)were independent risk factor for predicting unfavorable outcomes.Conclusions:The increase of duration of hypoperfusion events and duration of CPP below CPPopt over 10 mmHg,evaluated as time of lowered CPP,is highly indicative of DCI and unfavorable outcomes.

Gasification of iron coke and cogasification behavior of iron coke and coke under simulated hydrogen-rich blast furnace condition

To explore the iron coke application in hydrogen-rich blast furnace,which is an effective method to achieve the purpose of low carbon emissions,the initial gasification temperature of iron coke in CO_(2) and H_(2)O atmosphere and its cogasification reaction mechanism with coke were systematically studied.Iron coke was prepared under laboratory conditions,with a 0-7wt%iron ore powder addition.The properties of iron cokes were tested by coke reactivity index(CRI)and coke strength after reaction(CSR),and their phases and morphology were evolution discussed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.The results indicated that the initial gasification temperature of iron coke decreased with the increase in the iron ore powder content under the CO_(2) and H_(2)O_((g))atmosphere.In the 40vol%H_(2)O+60vol%CO_(2) atmosphere,CRI of iron coke with the addition of 3wt%iron ore powder reached 58.7%,and its CSR reached 56.5%.Because of the catalytic action of iron,the reaction capacity of iron coke was greater than that of coke.As iron coke was preferentially gasified,the CRI and CSR of coke were reduced and increased,respectively,when iron coke and coke were cogasified.The results showed that the skeleton function of the coke can be protected by iron coke.

Theoretical Study of Mechanism and Regioselectivity of 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition of N-[methyl]-C-[5-nitro-2-furyl] Nitrilimine with Dimethyl 7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene-2,3-dicarboxylate

The mechanism and regioselectivity of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-[methyl]-C-[5-nitro-2-furyl] nitrilimine with dimethyl 7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene-2,3-dicarboxylate were investigated using activation energy calculations and density functional theory-based reactivity indexes. The reaction proceeds by an asynchronous concerted mechanism. The calculations are performed at the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level of theory and the obtained results are in agreement with experimental outcome.

Correlation study of relative parameters of intracranial pressure and prognosis of patient with craniocerebral injury

Objective:To analyze the correlation of the relative parameters of intracranial pressure to the prognosis in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with closed craniocerebral injury were retrospectively analyzed,and all of these patients underwent conventional examinations of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure.Neumatic DCR system was used to monitor relative parameters of intracranial pressure from patients.According to the score of Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)upon discharge,they were divided into favorable prognosis group(GOSⅢ-Ⅴ,n=46)and unfavorable prognosis group(GOSⅠ-Ⅱ,n=34).The relative parameters of intracranial pressure of two groups were compared so as to analyze the correlation of the prognosis in patients to ICP-related parameters.Results:Pressure reactivity index(PRx)and intracranial pressure(ICP)of favorable prognosis group were significantly higher than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=12.27,t=5.22,p<0.05).Meanwhile,cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP)and ICP-ABP wave amplitude correlation(IAAC)of favorable prognosis group were significantly lower than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=14.54,t=14.78,p<0.05).The average age,gender,duration of admission to neurosurgical intensive care unit(NICU)and GCS(Glasgow coma scale)score on admission of the two groups were not statistically significant.Conclusions:The prognosis and ICP-related parameters(such as PRx,ICP,CPP,etc.)in patients with craniocerebral injury are risk factors for the prognosis effect.Therefore,to monitor the above-mentioned indicators has an important clinical value for assessing the prognosis of craniocerebral injury.

Association between serum uric acid level and endothelial dysfunction in elderly individuals with untreated mild hypertension

Background Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage in atherosclerotic formation and progression and is associated with high serum uric acid(SUA)level.We hypothesized that reactive hyperemia index(RHI),which reflects endothelial function,is associated with SUA levels in elderly individuals with untreated mild hypertension.Methods We recruited 123 patients≥60 years with untreated mild hypertension.The association between SUA level and RHI was analyzed using univariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was performed to validate the cutoff value of SUA that can be used to predict endothelial dysfunction.Results The serum uric acid level significantly increased in the RHI<1.67 group,and this result was still observed in the subgroup of men.RHI was inversely associated with SUA level(P=0.006)and the association was still observed after adjusting for factors,such as age,sex,smoking status,and creatinine level(P=0.014).In the subgroup analysis,a positive association was observed only in men.In the ROC curve analysis,the optimal cutoff values of SUA for predicting endothelial dysfunction was 293.5μmol/L in elderly mild hypertension patients and 287.0μmol/L in men.Conclusion A high SUA level was considered an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction among elderly individuals,particularly men with untreated mild hypertension.

Fuzzy Based Intelligent Monitoring of Critical Lines in the Restructured Power Market

Restructured electric market environment allows the power wheeling transactions between the power producers and customers to meet the growing load demand. This will lead to the possible of congestion in the transmission lines. The possible contingencies of power components further worsen the scenario. This paper describes the methodology for the identification of critical transmission line by computing the real power and reactive power performance indices. It also demonstrates the importance of fuzzy logic technique used to rank the transmission lines according to the severity and demonstrated on IEEE-30 bus system.

Differences in vascular endothelial function and serum proteome between obese people with phlegm-dampness constitution and balanced constitution

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the extent of vascular endothelial dysfunction and preliminary identify serum protein biomarkers associated with obese individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD).METHODS:Fifteen obese volunteers with the phlegmdampness constitution or balanced constitution were recruited for this study respectively.The clinical baseline data was collected,and the vascular endothelial function was evaluated using the EndoPAT?.Blood samples were collected for the serum proteome analysis.The differences in the serum protein expression levels between the two groups were detected and the protein interaction network analysis,correlation analysis,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,and random forest model investigation were conducted.RESULTS:There were no statistical differences found in the baseline data.For vascular endothelial function,the reactive hyperemia index(RHI)of the phlegm-dampness constitution obese group was significantly lower than that of the balanced constitution obese group(1.46±0.30 vs 2.82±0.78,P<0.0001),indicating vascular endothelial dysfunction.There are 66 differentially expressed serum proteins between the two groups.apolipoprotein A2(Apo A2),angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE-2),interleukin-33(IL-33),and forkhead box P3(FoxP3)showed significant differences and area under curve values of their ROC curves were greater than 0.7 and correlated significantly with RHI.CONCLUSION:Vascular endothelial dysfunction was present in the phlegm-dampness constitution obese group.Thus,alterations in the expression levels of key serum proteins,including Apo A2,ACE-2,IL-33,and Fox P3 could serve as potential biomarkers in the obese population at risk of CVD.

Phase Specific Comparisons of High and Low Vertical Jump Performance in Collegiate Female Athletes

Introduction Countermovement vertical jump testing has become a staple in athlete assessment protocols.As the popularity of jump testing has grown,a need and interest has also grown in identifying the factors that underpin high-level outputs.As jump height alone as a variable in evaluating vertical jump performance has been questioned in athletic populations,other variables such as the reactive strength index modified(RSIm)allow for not only evaluating the outcome,but the strategy used in obtaining that outcome.Purpose Thus,the purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences in high and low vertical jump performances,as determined by the RSIm in female collegiate athletes.Methods Thirty NCAA Division I female volleyball and basketball athletes performed countermovement vertical jump trials on a force platform.The sample was then broken into two groups as determined by median RSIm values.Independent sample t-test were then used to compare groups.Results High RSIm group displayed greater jump heights(P<0.05).Additionally,the high performing group displayed lower eccentric duration times(P<0.05).No differences between groups were seen in kinetic variables.Conclusion The high performing group displayed faster eccentric times which translated to lower values in time to take-off though not statistical significant.The higher RSIm values appear to be a result of both greater jump heights and reduced time to take off.Thus,focus being placed on the speed of the movement during training would be of benefit in improving RSIm values.