Reading is really a complex of skills and not a single one. It is very popular these days to try to improve reading skills. One sees many essays m newspapers and elsewhere for courses, materias and equipment designed ...Reading is really a complex of skills and not a single one. It is very popular these days to try to improve reading skills. One sees many essays m newspapers and elsewhere for courses, materias and equipment designed to improve reading rate and comprehension. Most often the emphasis is on reading rate, not on specific comprehention skills. Most of the time is also spent on increasing reading rate, not on good comprehension. I consider neither of them should be overmphasized at the expense of the other.展开更多
Background:To assess the influence of different spectral energy distribution on accommodation,vergence and reading performance.Methods:A Randomized experimental study was conducted after getting the approval of the Et...Background:To assess the influence of different spectral energy distribution on accommodation,vergence and reading performance.Methods:A Randomized experimental study was conducted after getting the approval of the Ethical Committee of University of Hyderabad.Forty participants with an age group of 18-21 years was integrated,out of which 50%was male and 50%was female.Subjects with emmetropia and no history of ocular pathology were included in the study.Near point of accommodation(NPA)&near point of convergence(NPC)was measured with the help of royal air force(RAF)ruler followed by near visual task of a readability passage.Results:A statistically significant result was obtained when reading rate,reading speed and NPC was compared among different spectral distribution of light(P<0.001)except NPA(P=0.43).Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference(P<0.001)when tungsten was compared with fluorescent light(FLOU),compact fluorescent light(CFL),and light emitting diode(LED)for reading rate,reading speed and NPC.But there is no noteworthy difference exist when fluorescent was compared with CFL for reading rate(P=0.530)&reading speed(P=0.595).Similarly,LED also showed no considerable difference when compared with CFL(P=0.682)and fluorescent(P=0.490)for NPC.When NPA was assessed within the group LED showed insignificant difference with CFL(P=0.205)and fluorescent(P=0.275)similar like fluorescent and tungsten(P=0.482).Conclusions:This study concluded that reading performance(reading rate and reading speed)and NPC has a significance change if we use inappropriate lighting during visual tasks.It will cause visual fatigue and strain after sustained near work.In addition,tungsten spectral energy influences the convergence which can also show an impact on reading and near visual tasks because of its brightness and miosis.Prolonged reading and working under this lighting can cause convergence disorders and visual fatigue.展开更多
Background:Aim of the study is to provide an operational definition of“visual dyslexia”referred to a particular subgroup of dyslexics characterized by x,y anisotropic perception of the visual space,or unstable ocula...Background:Aim of the study is to provide an operational definition of“visual dyslexia”referred to a particular subgroup of dyslexics characterized by x,y anisotropic perception of the visual space,or unstable ocular dominance,or abnormal binocular interaction,and who benefit from increased interletter spacing.The working hypothesis of this investigation is that in dyslexic children who show the abovementioned alterations the correlation between reading rate and interletter spacing is a marker of visual involvement,and supports a causal role of these visual-perceptive alterations in their reading problems.Methods:Based on the results obtained by three psychophysical tests devised on purpose,a group of 193 school-age disabled readers with normal visual acuity and no significant co-morbidities has been classified into four different classes:non-visual-perceptive sample,anisotropic sample(AS),abnormal binocular interaction sample and unstable dominance sample(UDS).To test for the working hypothesis,the absence of the visual marker has been verified in the non-visual-perceptive sample,and its presence has then been investigated in the remaining classes.Results:The non-visual-perceptive class was negative to the visual marker.In the other classes the average reading rate of words and non-words improved as a function of the distance between characters(AS:R2:0.51 and 0.43,P=0.01 and 0.02 respectively;abnormal binocular interaction sample:R2:0.47 and R2:0.57,P=0.02 and 0.007 respectively;unstable dominance:R2:0.43,P=0.02 at non-words).Yet,individual analysis revealed that the marker was present in no more than 23%of subjects with increased anisotropy,in 50%of unstable dominants,and in only 12%of patients with abnormal interocular inhibition.Conclusions:Even if on a population scale this line of investigation seems able to provide an operational definition of“visual dyslexia”,the individual detection of the“visual dyslexics”requires methodological improvement.展开更多
文摘Reading is really a complex of skills and not a single one. It is very popular these days to try to improve reading skills. One sees many essays m newspapers and elsewhere for courses, materias and equipment designed to improve reading rate and comprehension. Most often the emphasis is on reading rate, not on specific comprehention skills. Most of the time is also spent on increasing reading rate, not on good comprehension. I consider neither of them should be overmphasized at the expense of the other.
文摘Background:To assess the influence of different spectral energy distribution on accommodation,vergence and reading performance.Methods:A Randomized experimental study was conducted after getting the approval of the Ethical Committee of University of Hyderabad.Forty participants with an age group of 18-21 years was integrated,out of which 50%was male and 50%was female.Subjects with emmetropia and no history of ocular pathology were included in the study.Near point of accommodation(NPA)&near point of convergence(NPC)was measured with the help of royal air force(RAF)ruler followed by near visual task of a readability passage.Results:A statistically significant result was obtained when reading rate,reading speed and NPC was compared among different spectral distribution of light(P<0.001)except NPA(P=0.43).Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference(P<0.001)when tungsten was compared with fluorescent light(FLOU),compact fluorescent light(CFL),and light emitting diode(LED)for reading rate,reading speed and NPC.But there is no noteworthy difference exist when fluorescent was compared with CFL for reading rate(P=0.530)&reading speed(P=0.595).Similarly,LED also showed no considerable difference when compared with CFL(P=0.682)and fluorescent(P=0.490)for NPC.When NPA was assessed within the group LED showed insignificant difference with CFL(P=0.205)and fluorescent(P=0.275)similar like fluorescent and tungsten(P=0.482).Conclusions:This study concluded that reading performance(reading rate and reading speed)and NPC has a significance change if we use inappropriate lighting during visual tasks.It will cause visual fatigue and strain after sustained near work.In addition,tungsten spectral energy influences the convergence which can also show an impact on reading and near visual tasks because of its brightness and miosis.Prolonged reading and working under this lighting can cause convergence disorders and visual fatigue.
文摘Background:Aim of the study is to provide an operational definition of“visual dyslexia”referred to a particular subgroup of dyslexics characterized by x,y anisotropic perception of the visual space,or unstable ocular dominance,or abnormal binocular interaction,and who benefit from increased interletter spacing.The working hypothesis of this investigation is that in dyslexic children who show the abovementioned alterations the correlation between reading rate and interletter spacing is a marker of visual involvement,and supports a causal role of these visual-perceptive alterations in their reading problems.Methods:Based on the results obtained by three psychophysical tests devised on purpose,a group of 193 school-age disabled readers with normal visual acuity and no significant co-morbidities has been classified into four different classes:non-visual-perceptive sample,anisotropic sample(AS),abnormal binocular interaction sample and unstable dominance sample(UDS).To test for the working hypothesis,the absence of the visual marker has been verified in the non-visual-perceptive sample,and its presence has then been investigated in the remaining classes.Results:The non-visual-perceptive class was negative to the visual marker.In the other classes the average reading rate of words and non-words improved as a function of the distance between characters(AS:R2:0.51 and 0.43,P=0.01 and 0.02 respectively;abnormal binocular interaction sample:R2:0.47 and R2:0.57,P=0.02 and 0.007 respectively;unstable dominance:R2:0.43,P=0.02 at non-words).Yet,individual analysis revealed that the marker was present in no more than 23%of subjects with increased anisotropy,in 50%of unstable dominants,and in only 12%of patients with abnormal interocular inhibition.Conclusions:Even if on a population scale this line of investigation seems able to provide an operational definition of“visual dyslexia”,the individual detection of the“visual dyslexics”requires methodological improvement.
