A Study on FMS's Real-time Fault Diagnosis Expert System

ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＦＭＳ＇ｓＲｅａｌ－ｔｉｍｅＦａｕｌｔＤｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓＥｘｐｅｒｔＳｙｓｔｅｍＸＩＡＯＸｉａｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ；ＬＩＵＷｅｎｊｉａｎ；ＳＵＢａｏｈｕａ；ＭＡＹｕｌｉｎ（肖祥胜，刘文剑，苏宝华，马玉林）（ＦＭＳＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒ...

Value of Real-Time Bedside Ultrasonography in the Etiologic Diagnosis of Acute Dyspnea

Objective: To explore the value of real-time bedside ultrasonography in the etiologic diagnosis of acute dyspnea. Methods: Sixty-two patients with acute dyspnea who were treated in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were randomly selected and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were randomly divided into a control group for routine examinations (n = 31) and an observation group for real-time beside ultrasonography (n = 31). The costs of medical examinations, examination duration, and diagnostic results of severe pneumonia, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumothorax (including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy) of the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter examinations (P < 0.05). Although the cost of medical examinations of the observation group tended to be higher, the difference between groups was not significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, or brain natriuretic peptide between the two groups (P > 0.05). Comparison of the etiologic diagnosis results between the two groups showed that the observation group had significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy for various causes compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Real-time bedside ultrasonography for the etiologic diagnosis of patients with acute dyspnea was quicker and had higher diagnostic accuracy;thus providing accurate guidance for the disease treatment, and having a higher promotional value in clinical practice compared with routine examinations.

Real-time PCR技术的应用研究进展

Real-time PCR(RT-PCR)是基于PCR,利用不同的荧光检测定量核酸的技术,广泛应用于基因分型,单核苷酸多态性,等位基因突变检测等方面。综述了RT-PCR作为一种检测技术,在医学、食品、环境微生物等不同领域的应用进展。

胞内劳森菌SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR检测方法的建立

【目的】建立检测胞内劳森菌的SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR方法,为猪增生性肠炎的准确诊断奠定基础。【方法】针对胞内劳森菌16SrDNA序列设计引物,扩增16SrDNA,构建pT-LI-16S重组质粒。以pT-LI-16S为模板建立检测胞内劳森菌的SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR方法,检测其特异性、敏感性和重复性,并用该方法对51份疑似增生性肠炎病例进行检测。【结果】建立的SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR方法特异性强,与大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌等无交叉反应;在标准质粒含量为1.0×10^2-1.0×10^8拷贝/μL时,质粒含量与循环阈值（Ct）之间具有良好的线性关系（R^2=0.992）,最小可检测到10拷贝/μL的重组质粒;重复性检测显示其批内变异系数小于2%。该方法对粪便及小肠组织中胞内劳森菌的检出率分别为46.9%和84.2%,高于普通PCR的检出率（分别为40.7%和78.9%）。【结论】建立的SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR方法特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,能对胞内劳森菌进行快速检测及定量分析,可用于猪增生性肠炎的诊断。

病原真菌real-time PCR检测对非中性粒细胞缺乏的老年患者肺部真菌病的诊断价值

目的 评估本实验室设计的肺部常见病原真菌real-time PCR检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)标本对非中性粒细胞缺乏的老年人群肺部真菌病的诊断价值。方法 回顾性纳入2020年至2021年间于北京大学第一医院就诊的怀疑肺部感染的294名非中性粒细胞缺乏老年患者,采用real-time PCR检测其BALF标本中的病原真菌;根据宿主因素、临床表现和真菌学检查进行诊断分类,27名患者符合确诊或临床诊断的肺部侵袭真菌病,其中7例(25.6%)为多种真菌合并感染,6名患者诊断慢性肺曲霉病。结果 曲霉PCR Ct值受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.936(95%置信区间0.865~1.000),最佳cut-off值为34.8,对肺曲霉病的诊断灵敏度和特异度分别为95.7%和92.1%。耶氏肺孢子菌PCR以Ct值37.1为cut-off值,诊断耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎灵敏度和特异度分别为94.7%和99.7%。隐球菌和毛霉PCR以Ct值35.0为cut-off值,在肺隐球菌病和肺毛霉病中阳性率分别为50%(2/4)和100%(1/1)。病原真菌real-time PCR确定cut-off值后,以PCR检出的真菌与肺部真菌病的致病真菌一致作为阳性,灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为86.5%(32/37)、91.0%(253/278)、56.1%(32/57)和98.1%(253/258),总符合率为90.5%(285/315)。结论本研究团队开发的病原真菌real-time PCR体系覆盖常见肺部致病真菌,初步探索了其在BALF标本中的cut-off值,证实该方法在非中性粒细胞缺乏老年患者的肺部真菌病中具有良好的诊断价值。

Intrusion Detection System for PS-Poll DoS Attack in 802.11 Networks Using Real Time Discrete Event System

Wi-Fi devices have limited battery life because of which conserving battery life is imperative. The 802.11 Wi-Fi standard provides power management feature that allows stations(STAs) to enter into sleep state to preserve energy without any frame losses. After the STA wakes up, it sends a null data or PS-Poll frame to retrieve frame(s) buffered by the access point(AP), if any during its sleep period. An attacker can launch a power save denial of service(PS-DoS) attack on the sleeping STA(s) by transmitting a spoofed null data or PS-Poll frame(s) to retrieve the buffered frame(s) of the sleeping STA(s) from the AP causing frame losses for the targeted STA(s). Current approaches to prevent or detect the PS-DoS attack require encryption,change in protocol or installation of proprietary hardware. These solutions suffer from expensive setup, maintenance, scalability and deployment issues. The PS-DoS attack does not differ in semantics or statistics under normal and attack circumstances.So signature and anomaly based intrusion detection system(IDS) are unfit to detect the PS-DoS attack. In this paper we propose a timed IDS based on real time discrete event system(RTDES) for detecting PS-DoS attack. The proposed DES based IDS overcomes the drawbacks of existing systems and detects the PS-DoS attack with high accuracy and detection rate. The correctness of the RTDES based IDS is proved by experimenting all possible attack scenarios.

Real-time crash prediction on freeways using data mining and emerging techniques

Recent advances in intelligent transportation system allow traffic safety studies to extend from historic data-based analyses to real-time applications. The study presents a new method to predict crash likelihood with traffic data collected by discrete loop detectors as well as the web-crawl weather data. Matched case-control method and support vector machines （SVMs） technique were employed to identify the risk status. The adaptive synthetic over-sampling technique was applied to solve the imbalanced dataset issues. Random forest technique was applied to select the contributing factors and avoid the over-fitting issues. The results indicate that the SVMs classifier could successfully classify 76.32% of the crashes on the test dataset and 87.52% of the crashes on the overall dataset, which were relatively satisfactory compared with the results of the previous studies. Compared with the SVMs classifier without the data, the SVMs classifier with the web-crawl weather data increased the crash prediction accuracy by 1.32% and decreased the false alarm rate by 1.72%, showing the potential value of the massive web weather data. Mean impact value method was employed to evaluate the variable effects, and the results are identical with the results of most of previous studies. The emerging technique based on the discrete traffic data and web weather data proves to be more applicable on real- time safety management on freeways.

Terahertz probe for real time in vivo skin hydration evaluation

This study introduces a handheld terahertz(THz)scanner designed to quantitatively evaluate human skin hydration levels and thickness.This device,through the incorporation of force sensors,demonstrates enhanced repeatability and accuracy over traditional fixed THz systems.The scanner was evaluated in the largest THz skin study to date,assessing 314 volunteers,successfully differentiating between individuals with dry skin and hydrated skin using a numerical stratified skin model.The scanner measures and displays skin hydration dynamics within a quarter of a second,indicating its potential for real-time,noninvasive examinations,opening up opportunities for in vivo and ex vivo diagnosis during patient consultations.Furthermore,the portability and ease of use of our scanner enable its widespread application for in vivo and ex vivo diagnosis during patient consultations,potentially allowing in situ biopsy evaluation and elimination of histopathology processing wait times,thereby improving patient outcomes by facilitating simultaneous tumor diagnosis and removal.

A Novel Real-Time Fault Diagnostic System for Steam Turbine Generator Set by Using Strata Hierarchical Artificial Neural Network

The real-time fault diagnosis system is very great important for steam turbine generator set due to a serious fault results in a reduced amount of electricity supply in power plant. A novel real-time fault diagnosis system is proposed by using strata hierarchical fuzzy CMAC neural network. A framework of the fault diagnosis system is described. Hierarchical fault diagnostic structure is discussed in detail. The model of a novel fault diagnosis system by using fuzzy CMAC are built and analyzed. A case of the diagnosis is simulated. The results show that the real-time fault diagnostic system is of high accuracy, quick convergence, and high noise rejection. It is also found that this model is feasible in real-time fault diagnosis.

Established and Emerging Optical Technologies for the Real-Time Detection of Cervical Neoplasia: A Review

Cervical cancer remains a critically important problem for women, especially those women in the developing world where the case-fatality rate is high. There are an estimated 528,000 cases and 266,000 deaths worldwide. Established screening and detection programs in the developed world have lowered the mortality from 40/100,000 to 2/100,000 over the last 60 years. The standard of care has been and continues to be: a screening Papanicolaou smear with or without Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) testing;followed by colposcopy and biopsies and if the smear is abnormal;and followed by treatment if the biopsies show high grade disease (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3 and Carcinoma-in-situ). Low grade lesions (Pap smears with Atypical Cells of Uncertain Significance (ASCUS), Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LGSIL), biopsies showing HPV changes or showing CIN 1);are usually followed for two years and then treated if persistent. Treatment can be performed with loop excision, LASER, or cryotherapy. Loop excision yields a specimen which can be reviewed to establish the diagnosis more accurately. LASER vaporizes the lesion and cryotherapy leads to tissue destruction. Under long term study;loop excision, LASER, and cryotherapy have the same rate of cure. The standard of care is expensive and takes 6 - 12 weeks for the individual patient. During the last twenty years, new technologies that can view the cervix and even image the cervix with cellular resolution have been developed. These technologies could lead to a new paradigm in which diagnosis and treatment occurs at a single visit. These technologies include fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy (probe or wide-field, whole cervix scanning approaches) and fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy or high resolution micro-endoscopy. Both technologies have received Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and have been commercialized. Research trials continue to show their remarkable performance. These technologies are reviewed and clinical trials are summarized. Emerging technologies are coming along that may compete with those already approved and include optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography with autofluorescence, diffuse optical microscopy, and dual mode micro-endoscopy. These technologies are also reviewed and where available, clinical data is reported. Optical technologies are ready to diffuse into clinical practice because they will save money and 3 or 4 visits in the developed world and offer the same standard of care to the developing world where more cervical cancer exists.

基于1dCNN-LSTM量化单体异常性的动力电池故障诊断方法

准确的动力电池单体性能评估对保障动力电池安全具有重要意义。目前基于数据驱动的电池故障诊断算法,大多对各单体电池进行相互比较,根据各单体电压等特征参数之间的差异,使用分类算法将离群单体认定为故障单体。然而当动力电池包内有多个异常表现相似的电池单体,或所有单体性能整体恶化时,难以区分甚至没有显著离群的个别单体,相互比较策略的应用范围受到限制。本文提出了一种基于1dCNN-LSTM量化单体异常性的动力电池故障诊断方法,结合车辆运动状态、驱动系统状态及动力电池电信号3类特征,建立1dCNN-LSTM融合模型估计理想状态下的单体实时电压参考值,根据各单体电压实测值与参考值之间的差异,量化各单体异常性。结合实际案例表明,对于因单体故障导致热失控的案例,本方法可以提前7日识别故障单体相比其他单体的明显异常,且可以在距离事故发生1年前甚至更早的放电片段中发现潜在风险;针对无明显单体不一致的整体恶化案例,可以实现事故发生前7日内的整体性能恶化过程跟踪。

Tools for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection and hepatic fibrosis staging

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection represents a major public health issue.Hepatitis C can be cured bytherapy,but many infected individuals are unaware of their status.Effective HCV screening,fast diagnosis and characterization,and hepatic fibrosis staging are highly relevant for controlling transmission,treating infected patients and,consequently,avoiding end-stage liver disease.Exposure to HCV can be determined with high sensitivity and specificity with currently available third generation serology assays.Additionally,the use of point-of-care tests can increase HCV screening opportunities.However,active HCV infection must be confirmed by direct diagnosis methods.Additionally,HCV genotyping is required prior to starting any treatment.Increasingly,high-volume clinical laboratories use different types of automated platforms,which have simplified sample processing,reduced hands-on-time,minimized contamination risks and human error and ensured full traceability of results.Significant advances have also been made in the field of fibrosis stage assessment with the development of non-invasive methods,such as imaging techniques and serum-based tests.However,no single test is currently available that is able to completely replace liver biopsy.This review focuses on approved commercial tools used to diagnose HCV infection and the recommended hepatic fibrosis staging tests.

PWM VLSI Neural Network for Fault Diagnosis

An improved pulse width modulation (PWM) neural network VLSI circuit for fault diagnosis is presented, which differs from the software-based fault diagnosis approach and exploits the merits of neural network VLSI circuit. A simple synapse multiplier is introduced, which has high precision, large linear range and less switching noise effects. A voltage-mode sigmoid circuit with adjustable gain is introduced for realization of different neuron activation functions. A voltage-pulse conversion circuit required for PWM is also introduced, which has high conversion precision and linearity. These 3 circuits are used to design a PWM VLSI neural network circuit to solve noise fault diagnosis for a main bearing. It can classify the fault samples directly. After signal processing, feature extraction and neural network computation for the analog noise signals including fault information,each output capacitor voltage value of VLSI circuit can be obtained, which represents Euclid distance between the corresponding fault signal template and the diagnosing signal, The real-time online recognition of noise fault signal can also be realized.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using molecular biology technology

Objective:To present an integrated molecular biology dedicated system for tuberculosis diagnosis.Methods:One hundred and five sputum specimens from patients strongly suspected by clinical parameters of tuberculosis were studied by Ziehl-Neelsen staining,by cultivation on solid medium and by a balanced hemincsted fluorometric PCR system(Orange C3TB) that could preserve worker safety and produce a rather pure material free of potential inhibitors. DNA amplification was performed in a low cost tuberculosis termocycler-fluorotneter.Produced double stranded DNA was flurometrically detected.The whole reaction was conducted in one single tube which would not be opened after adding the processed sample in order to minimize the risk of cross contamination with amplicons.Results:The assay was able to delect 30 bacillus per sample mL with 99.8%interassay variation coefficient.PCR was positive in 23(21.9%) tested samples(21 of them were smear negative).In our study it showed a preliminary sensitivity of 94.5%for sputum and an overall specificity of 98.7%.Conclusions:Total run time of the test is 4 h with 2.5 real working time.All PCR positive samples are also positive by microbiological culture and clinical criteria.Results show that it could be a very useful tool to increase detection efficiency of tuberculosis disease in low bacilus load samples.Furthermore,its low cost and friendly using make it feasible to run in poor regions.

基于改进事件触发与1-D CNN的MMC冗余子模块开路故障实时诊断策略

在模块化多电平换流器(MMC)中存在大量的子模块(SM),其可靠性直接影响整个系统的安全稳定运行。本文引入了具有容错能力的新型冗余SM,并在此基础上提出了一种基于改进事件触发与一维卷积神经网络(1-D CNN)的MMC冗余SM开路故障实时诊断策略。首先,选定MMC中特定SM构成的集成单元的电容电压作为事件触发对象,大大减少了传统诊断策略中需要观测的电容数量;其次,从有效地减少计算负担角度出发,改进事件触发流程,并结合1-D CNN算法有条件地对集成单元电容电压和桥臂电流波动情况分别进行检测,构建出MMC故障实时诊断系统;最后,综合考虑故障集成单元与故障桥臂位置定位出开路SM,进而完成新型冗余SM条件下MMC的容错运行。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建的19电平MMC模型,验证了所提实时诊断策略的有效性。

Rapid Identification of Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Using Real Time PCR

Screening for colonization with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureas (MRSA) is a key aspect of infection control to limit the nosocomial spread of this organism. Current methods for the detection of MRSA in clinical microbiology laboratories using conventional methods is time consuming. In this research we are trying to evaluate the use of real time PCR for the detection of MRSA. The PCR assay was evaluated in clinical isolates of MRSA (n = 45) and methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureas MSSA (n = 10). The diagnostic values of the assay showed high sensitivity and specificity. This real-time PCR assay proved to be a fast, sensitive and specific tool for MRSA detection in a routine microbiological laboratory. Real-time PCR now is available in all laboratories so its use in identification of MRSA will help in shortening the period for MRSA identification and will help in the success of infection control programs in hospitals.

牛病毒性腹泻病毒TaqMan探针荧光RT-PCR方法的建立和临床应用

为建立一种牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的快速检测方法,本研究根据国内BVDV流行毒株5'-UTR序列保守区域设计1对特异性引物和TaqMan探针,并优化了反应条件,最终建立了一种检测BVDV基因1型(BVDV-1)的TaqMan探针荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并开展7省份BVDV-1型检测和流行情况分析。结果显示:所建立方法能够特异性检测出BVDV-1,与基因2型BVDV、猪瘟病毒、边界病毒、牛冠状病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛轮状病毒等病原无交叉反应;灵敏度高,最低检测下限为4.3 copies/μL;批内和批间变异系数均小于2%,重复性良好。7省份规模化牛养殖场BVDV-1型平均阳性率为17.40%(161/925),序列分析表明我国主要流行的为BVDV-1a,BVDV-1c亚型。本研究成功建立了一种良好的诊断BVDV的方法,监测地区优势流行毒株为BVDV-1a与1c亚型,为临床中BVDV早期诊断和流行病学调查监测提供了技术和数据支持。

Primary Research on Real-Time Fault Diagnosis Platform for Fuel Tank System of an Aircraft

Sub-tanks in fuel tank systems of aircrafts transfer fuel to engines in certain order. These sub-tanks and attached tank-accessories affect each other, and make fault diagnosis in such systems rather difficult. Without real measured data, this paper analyzes fault modes and fault effects of the fuel tank system, including its tankaccessories, of a given aircraft. Fault model of the system is built theoretically, and fault diagnosis criteria are deduced. Such criteria are then quantified to train a back propagation neural network(BPNN) as fault diagnosis model. To realize fault diagnosis of the real fuel tank system, a real-time fault diagnosis platform based on Lab View and Vx Works to perform this diagnosis method is discussed. This platform is a technical groundwork for fault diagnosis in real fuel tank systems.

猪瘟病毒野毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株复合实时荧光定量RT-PCR鉴别方法的建立

根据GenBank中的猪瘟病毒强毒和弱毒株基因组序列设计了1对针对猪瘟病毒的通用引物和2条分别针对猪瘟病毒强毒和猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株的特异性TaqMan水解探针，建立了一种能区分猪瘟病毒强毒和兔化弱毒疫苗株的复合实时荧光定量RT—PCR检测方法。结果显示，该方法能将我国大陆流行的不同基因亚群的猪瘟病毒强毒株与猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株完全区分开来，而不与其他猪源病毒发生非特异反应，分别可检测到初始模板中41．8和81．5个拷贝的病毒RNA，与已建立的复合RT-套式PCR的敏感性相近，两种方法对152份样品检测的符合率达96．9％～100％。通过对8份猪瘟兔化细胞疫苗效价的检测，证实本方法与兔体反应热测定法有一定的相关性，可用于猪瘟病毒强毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗的定量和鉴别检测。

实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测中、强毒力新城疫病毒RNA

根据新城疫病毒(NDV)核苷酸序列,设计针对中、强毒力NDV F基因编码融合蛋白裂解位点的核苷酸序列引物和TaqMan探针,建立了实时荧光定量反转录荧光定量PCR(RRT-PCR)检测中、强毒力NDV RNA的方法。该方法能从含有NDV系疫苗毒、NDV标准强毒株F48E9(基因型)、分离鸡源强毒株(基因型)和鸽源强毒株(基因型)样本中检出NDV RNA,不与NDV弱毒株(LaSota、Clone30、B1、V4)、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、传染性法氏囊炎病毒及健康鸡组织RNA发生交叉反应,对NDV核酸的最小检出量为60个拷贝,具有检测速度快、特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性和稳定性好等特点。从9个临床样本中均检测出阳性信号(9/9),PCR产物经测序证明均含有NDV强毒株F基因裂解位点;用其中8份病料接种SPF鸡胚分离病毒,分离率为5/8。