Nowadays, urban design faces complex demands. It has become a necessity to negotiate between stakeholder objectives, the expectations of citizens and the demands of planning. It is desirable to involve the stakeholder...Nowadays, urban design faces complex demands. It has become a necessity to negotiate between stakeholder objectives, the expectations of citizens and the demands of planning. It is desirable to involve the stakeholders and citizens from an early stage in the planning process to enable their different viewpoints to be successfully expressed and comprehended. Therefore, the basic aim of the study was how the MR （mixed reality） application is designed to encourage and improve communication on urban design among stakeholders and citizens？ In this paper, we discuss new approaches to visualize urban building and environment alternatives to different stakeholders and provide them with tools to explore different approaches to urban planning in order to support citizen＇s participation in urban planning with augmented and mixed reality. The major finding of the study is that learning ＂how these participatory technologies may help build a community of practice around an urban project＂. And throughout the different experiences, we can learn to assist towards development of a methodology to use the mixed reality as a simulation tool in the enhancement of collaborative interaction in real-Egyptian project. So, we can determine a number of recommendations to deal with new participatory design tools for urban planning projects.展开更多
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated liquid that is commonly used for metal degreasing, household and industrial dry cleaning, and in paints and glues. Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene (PCE), i...Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated liquid that is commonly used for metal degreasing, household and industrial dry cleaning, and in paints and glues. Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene (PCE), is an excellent solvent for organic materials. PCE is volatile, highly stable, non-flammable and widely used in dry cleaning. A new method has been developed for measuring TCE and PCE in ambient air in real-time. Based upon the chemical fingerprinting and concentration levels, the method was able to isolate the source of the emissions to the responsible facility. Real-time monitoring was accomplished by utilizing a low pressure chemical ionization source (LPCI) interfaced to a tandem mass spectrometer (TAGA). Monitoring the response of specific parent/daughter ion pairs, the TAGA was used to measure concentrations of TCE and PCE. By optimizing various TAGA parameters, detection limits (DL) as low as 0.5 μg/m3 was achieved for TCE and PCE. Unlike methods using cartridge sampling and GC/MS analysis, this new method provides a real time measurement for a wide range of TCE and PCE concentrations. This unique method was applied in 2000 and 2002 to measure TCE emitted from a manufacturer of stainless steel tubing in Eastern Ontario. The maximum half-hour average concentration of TCE measured downwind of the facility was 1300 μg/m3 and the maximum instantaneous level was measured at 115,000 μg/m3. The information collected by the TAGA unit was used by the Standard Development Branch of Ontario Ministry of the Environment to adopt the half-hour Point of Impingement (POI) standard of TCE to be 36 μg/m3 in 2010. This method successfully identified and simultaneously measured TCE and PCE during a 2011 air monitoring survey of a hazardous waste disposal and treatment facility in Southern Ontario.展开更多
文摘Nowadays, urban design faces complex demands. It has become a necessity to negotiate between stakeholder objectives, the expectations of citizens and the demands of planning. It is desirable to involve the stakeholders and citizens from an early stage in the planning process to enable their different viewpoints to be successfully expressed and comprehended. Therefore, the basic aim of the study was how the MR （mixed reality） application is designed to encourage and improve communication on urban design among stakeholders and citizens？ In this paper, we discuss new approaches to visualize urban building and environment alternatives to different stakeholders and provide them with tools to explore different approaches to urban planning in order to support citizen＇s participation in urban planning with augmented and mixed reality. The major finding of the study is that learning ＂how these participatory technologies may help build a community of practice around an urban project＂. And throughout the different experiences, we can learn to assist towards development of a methodology to use the mixed reality as a simulation tool in the enhancement of collaborative interaction in real-Egyptian project. So, we can determine a number of recommendations to deal with new participatory design tools for urban planning projects.
文摘Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated liquid that is commonly used for metal degreasing, household and industrial dry cleaning, and in paints and glues. Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene (PCE), is an excellent solvent for organic materials. PCE is volatile, highly stable, non-flammable and widely used in dry cleaning. A new method has been developed for measuring TCE and PCE in ambient air in real-time. Based upon the chemical fingerprinting and concentration levels, the method was able to isolate the source of the emissions to the responsible facility. Real-time monitoring was accomplished by utilizing a low pressure chemical ionization source (LPCI) interfaced to a tandem mass spectrometer (TAGA). Monitoring the response of specific parent/daughter ion pairs, the TAGA was used to measure concentrations of TCE and PCE. By optimizing various TAGA parameters, detection limits (DL) as low as 0.5 μg/m3 was achieved for TCE and PCE. Unlike methods using cartridge sampling and GC/MS analysis, this new method provides a real time measurement for a wide range of TCE and PCE concentrations. This unique method was applied in 2000 and 2002 to measure TCE emitted from a manufacturer of stainless steel tubing in Eastern Ontario. The maximum half-hour average concentration of TCE measured downwind of the facility was 1300 μg/m3 and the maximum instantaneous level was measured at 115,000 μg/m3. The information collected by the TAGA unit was used by the Standard Development Branch of Ontario Ministry of the Environment to adopt the half-hour Point of Impingement (POI) standard of TCE to be 36 μg/m3 in 2010. This method successfully identified and simultaneously measured TCE and PCE during a 2011 air monitoring survey of a hazardous waste disposal and treatment facility in Southern Ontario.
