基于Simulink Real-Time的汽车空调半实物仿真试验系统研发

针对多样化汽车空调电子零部件的高效、低成本总成级测试需求,研究基于一汽大众速腾1.6 L车型原型,设计了基于Simulink Real-Time的汽车空调半实物仿真试验系统。该系统集成了真实的汽车空调总成、制冷循环以及包含宿主机和目标机的双机实时仿真系统,用于开发和运行台架监控和空调控制模型,为汽车空调电子零部件提供半实物仿真测试环境。通过系统集成及功能验证,结果表明,汽车空调半实物仿真试验系统能够实现汽车空调基本控制功能,同时在不同工况下实现乘员舱温度控制的稳定性,稳态误差控制在±1℃以内。此外,该系统还具备灵活调整空调运行工况和状态的能力,为汽车空调电子零部件提供了高效、低成本的半实物仿真测试环境。

On modeling approach for embedded real-time software simulation testing

Modeling technology has been introduced into software testing field. However, how to carry through the testing modeling effectively is still a difficulty. Based on combination of simulation modeling technology and embedded real-time software testing method, the process of simulation testing modeling is studied first. And then, the supporting environment of simulation testing modeling is put forward. Furthermore, an approach of embedded real-time software simulation testing modeling including modeling of cross-linked equipments of system under testing （SUT）, test case, testing scheduling, and testing system service is brought forward. Finally, the formalized description and execution system of testing models are given, with which we can realize real-time, closed loop, mad automated system testing for embedded real-time software.

Delay-dependent stability and added damping of SDOF real-time dynamic hybrid testing

It is well-recognized that a transfer system response delay that reduces the test stability inevitably exists in real-time dynamic hybrid testing （RTDHT）. This paper focuses on the delay-dependent stability and added damping of SDOF systems in RTDHT. The exponential delay term is transferred into a rational fraction by the Pad6 approximation, and the delay-dependent stability conditions and instability mechanism of SDOF RTDHT systems are investigated by the root locus technique. First, the stability conditions are discussed separately for the cases of stiffness, mass, and damping experimental substructure. The use of root locus plots shows that the added damping effect and instability mechanism for mass are different from those for stiffness. For the stiffness experimental substructure case, the instability results from the inherent mode because of an obvious negative damping effect of the delay. For the mass case, the delay introduces an equivalent positive damping into the inherent mode, and instability occurs at an added high frequency mode. Then, the compound stability condition is investigated for a general case and the results show that the mass ratio may have both upper and lower limits to remain stable. Finally, a high-emulational virtual shaking table model is built to validate the stability conclusions.

Simulation of large-scale numerical substructure in real-time dynamic hybrid testing

A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element （FE） numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response analysis and signal generation tasks, and executed in two different target computers in real-time. One target computer implements the response analysis task, wherein a large time-step is used to solve the FE substructure, and another target computer implements the signal generation task, wherein an interpolation program is used to generate control signals in a small time-step to meet the input demand of the controller. By using this strategy, the scale of the FE numerical substructure simulation may be increased significantly. The proposed scheme is initially verified by two FE numerical substructure models with 98 and 1240 degrees of freedom （DOFs）. Thereafter, RTDHTs of a single frame-foundation structure are implemented where the foundation, considered as the numerical substructure, is simulated by the FE model with 1240 DOFs. Good agreements between the results of the RTDHT and those from the FE analysis in ABAQUS are obtained.

Velocity plus displacement equivalent force control for real-time substructure testing

This paper employs a velocity plus displacement（V＋D）-based equivalent force control（EFC） method to solve the velocity/displacement difference equation in a real-time substructure test. This method uses type 2 feedback control loops to replace mathematical iteration to solve the nonlinear dynamic equation. A spectral radius analysis of the amplification matrix shows that the type 2 EFC-explicit, Newmark-β method has beneficial numerical characteristics for this method. Its stability limit of Ω = 2 remains unchanged regardless of the system damping because the velocity is achieved with very high accuracy during simulation. In contrast, the stability limits of the central difference method using direct velocity prediction and the EFC-average acceleration method with linear interpolation are shown to decrease with an increase in system damping. In fact, the EFC-average acceleration method is shown to change from unconditionally stable to conditionally stable. We also show that if an over-damped system with a damping ratio of 1.05 is considered, the stability limit is reduced to Ω =1.45. Finally, the results from an experiment with a single-degree-of-freedom structure installed with a magneto-rheological（MR） damper are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to follow both displacement and velocity commands with moderate accuracy, resulting in improved test performance and accuracy for structures that are sensitive to both velocity and displacement inputs. Although the findings of the study are promising, additional test data and several further improvements will be required to draw general conclusions.

An Automatic Testing System of Scheduling Strategies in Real-Time UNIX

This paper proposes a formal model of the automatic testing system for scheduling strategies in real-time UNIX and describes the algorithm of the key part of the system. The model of the system is an important technology of the automatization of software development. According to the model presented in the paper, many different kinds of automatic testing systems can be designed and developed easily. At the end of the paper, the prototype proves the feasibility of the model and design.

Real-time embedded software testing method based on extended finite state machine

The reliability of real-time embedded software directly determines the reliability of the whole real-time embedded sys- tem, and the effective software testing is an important way to ensure software quality and reliability. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of real-time embedded software, the formal method is introduced into the real-time embedded software testing field and the real-time extended finite state machine （RT-EFSM） model is studied firstly. Then, the time zone division method of real-time embedded system is presented and the definition and description methods of time-constrained transition equivalence class （timeCTEC） are presented. Furthermore, the approaches of the testing sequence and test case generation are put forward. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a typical avionics real- time embedded software testing practice and the examples of the timeCTEC, testing sequences and test cases are given. With the analysis of the testing result, the application verification shows that the proposed method can effectively describe the real-time embedded software state transition characteristics and real-time requirements and play the advantages of the formal methods in accuracy, effectiveness and the automation supporting. Combined with the testing platform, the real-time, closed loop and automated simulation testing for real-time embedded software can be realized effectively.

Real-time TaqMan RT-PCR快速检测犬瘟热病毒方法的研究

按照犬瘟热(CDV)N基因序列,设计合成了特异性引物和探针,经各反应条件的优化,建立了Real-time荧光定量RT-PCR技术,对细胞培养物、肝脏、肺脏、脑、脾脏、淋巴结以及鼻腔拭子等组织病料中的CDV进行了特异性检测和敏感性试验。同时,利用建立的Real-time荧光定量RT-PCR方法与常规RT-PCR以及韩国BIOINDIST生产的BIT RAPID CDV检测试剂盒对57份临床样品进行了检测。结果:用20pmol/mL的引物浓度各1uL和20pmol/mL的探针浓度0．3uL,获得的荧光信号最强,曲线平滑。敏感性高,可检测到1．24×10—3ng/uL的病毒RNA;特异性强,与NDV、AIV、NiPV等RNA病毒不发生交叉反应。试验重复性的变异系数(CV)分别为2．3%、2．5%和4．2%;与常规RT-PCR和BIOINDIST生产的BIT RAPID CDV检测试剂盒相比较,该方法具有快速、特异、敏感、可定量,并可同时检测大量样品等优点。

核酸序列依赖性扩增、Real-time PCR及GM试验诊断侵袭性曲霉菌感染的临床应用评价

目的核酸序列依赖性扩增（nucleic acid sequence-based amplification,NASBA）、Real-time PCR及GM试验在侵袭性曲霉菌感染中的诊断价值。方法收集2013年11月~2014年6月临床上曲霉菌感染高危病患的血液标本80例,并根据EORTC/MSG诊断标准分为确诊组8例,拟诊组26例,非感染组46例,分别利用NASBA、real-time PCR及GM试验进行检测,计算3种方法的诊断指标并分析评价。结果 NASBA、real-time PCR及GM试验3种方法的灵敏度分别为76.47%、67.65%、52.94%,特异度分别为80.43%、89.13%、80.43%。联合诊断结果显示,NASBA与real-time PCR串联方案有最好的特异度（100%）及阳性预测值（100%）;NASBA与real-time PCR并联方案则最为灵敏（94.12%）。结论 NASBA用于诊断IA最为敏感,而real-time PCR则最为特异,GM试验的表现差于前两者。联合应用的诊断策略,在特定情况下提高临床早期诊断IA的准确性。

A fast and adaptive method for automatic weld defect detection in various real-time X-ray imaging systems

A first and effective method is proposed to detect weld deject adaptively in various Dypes of real-time X-ray images obtained in different conditions. After weld extraction and noise reduction, a proper template of median filter is used to estimate the weld background. After the weld background is subtracted from the original image, an adaptite threshold segmentation algorithm is proposed to obtain the binary image, and then the morphological close and open operation, labeling algorithm and fids＇e alarm eliminating algorithm are applied to pracess the binary image to obtain the defect, ct detection result. At last, a fast realization procedure jbr proposed method is developed. The proposed method is tested in real-time X-ray image,s obtairted in different X-ray imaging sutems. Experiment results show that the proposed method is effective to detect low contrast weld dejects with few .false alarms and is adaptive to various types of real-time X-ray imaging systems.

Real-time State Monitoring During Switching Mode Transitions in High Power Three-level Inverters

大功率多电平逆变器近年来在实际工业生产中得到越来越广泛的应用。多电平逆变器由于结构复杂,采用元器件较多,因此在设计和实验中,实现各个工作状态下运行参数的同步监测和分析较为困难。本文针对大功率三电平逆变器,实现开关动态特性的在线测试,在此基础上,进一步研究三电平逆变器在开关状态变化时理论与实际负载运行工况下电路拓扑的转换变化规律。通过全电路电气参数和元器件状态的实时监测,发现在三电平逆变器非正常运行状态下开关转换时额外电应力,同时,深入研究在实际工况运行条件非正常状态下该额外电应力出现的机理和原因,为三电平逆变器的故障诊断提供了参考,对于设计高可靠性的多电平逆变器系统有一定的理论和现实意义。

THE REAL IN TIME CT MONITORING OF THE MESO-DAMAGE EVOLUTION LAW OF SANDSTONE UNDER TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION

The real in time computerized tomography (CT) testing of the meso damage propagation law of the whole sandstone failure process under triaxial compression has been completed using the newest specified triaxial loading equipment corresponding to the CT machine. Through the CT scanning, the clear CT images which include from the microcracks compressed stage to growth stage, bifurcation stage, development stage, crack fracture stage,the rock sample failure until to unloading stage in the different stress states were obtained. The CT values, CT images and the other data have been analyzed. Based on the results of the CT testing of meso damage evolution law of rock,the stress threshold value of meso damage of rock is given, and the stress strain complete process curve of rock is divided into some sections. The initial rock damage propagation law is given in this paper.

实时数据库数据的批量写入及性能测试研究

通过对石油化工行业使用较多的PHD实时数据库在多模式下的数据批量写入,以标准差指标对测试值进行可信度分析、测试调校,得出多模式下实时数据批量修改、更新测试的最优结果,探索一种行之有效的工业实时数据库优化、应用的方法。

RNA实时荧光核酸恒温扩增检测技术在儿童支原体肺炎早期诊断及疗效判断中的价值

目的 考察实时荧光核酸恒温扩增检测技术(SAT)在儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)早期临床诊断中的价值及其在评价MPP转归以及判断药物疗效中的作用。方法 选取社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院患儿451例,所有患儿在入院24 h内采集血清标本,采用被动凝集试验检测肺炎支原体(MP)特异性抗体[MP抗体检测(MP-Ab)],并采集咽拭子标本提取MP-RNA(MP-SAT法)。对MPP患儿在完成大环内酯类药物治疗第1疗程、完成大环内酯类药物治疗第3疗程时复查MP-Ab和MP-RNA。根据MPP诊断标准将其分为MPP组(n=183)和非MPP组(n=268)。比较MP-SAT和MP-Ab诊断MPP的准确性(敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值)。对病程<7 d入院前未使用大环内酯类药物的MPP患儿进行动态观察,考察在大环内酯类药物(阿奇霉素)治疗MP不同时间点(入院时、完成第1疗程和完成第3疗程时)MP-SAT和MP-Ab的阳性率以及患儿临床和影像学表现(咳嗽、发热、肺部体征和CT表现)变化情况。结果 MP-SAT和MP-Ab诊断MPP的准确性比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病程<7 d患儿组中MP-SAT诊断MPP的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均优于MP-Ab(P<0.001或P<0.05或P<0.01)。病程<7 d入院前未使用大环内酯类药物治疗的MPP患儿共42例,该组患儿在入院时、完成阿奇霉素治疗第1疗程和完成阿奇霉素治疗第3疗程时,MP-SAT检测阳性率分别为88.09%(37/42)、88.09%(37/42)和9.52%(4/42);MP-Ab检测阳性率分别为26.19%(11/42)、100.00%(42/42)和100.00%(42/42),在不同时间点MP-SAT和MP-Ab阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,P<0.05,P<0.001)。该组患儿完成第3疗程时MP-SAT阳性率较入院时明显下降(P<0.001),临床症状(咳嗽、发热)、肺部体征及肺部CT表现较入院时明显好转(均P<0.001),MP-SAT结果与临床症状、肺部体征及肺部影像学表现变化趋势相一致。结论 SAT检测MP-RNA可作为儿童MPP的早期诊断依据,同时也可作为评价MPP转归及判断临床治疗效果的指标。

miRNA表达谱在产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病中的研究

目的:探究微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)表达谱在产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)中的应用。方法:收集2021年1月—2022年12月于天津市中心妇产科医院就诊的30例超声确诊为CHD的孕妇(病例组)和同期10例要求行羊水穿刺的孕妇(对照组),用Illumina测序平台对2组孕妇的羊水上清进行全转录组测序,2组孕妇的全部miRNA进行归一化,分析差异表达的miRNA。从差异表达的miRNA中挑选P<0.05和|log2 FC|>3(差异倍数,Fold Change,FC)的miRNA再在羊水和外周血中进行实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)验证,比较羊水中miRNA测序与RT-qPCR的差异倍数,挑选外周血与羊水表达调控方向一致的miRNA。结果:共发现138个差异表达miRNA,其中85个上调,53个下调。进一步挑选出了15个差异表达的miRNA,羊水中miRNA测序与RT-qPCR结果比较相一致。外周血与羊水中表达调控方向一致的miRNA有2个,分别为miR-222-3p和miR-189-5p,这2个miRNA在病例组母血中表达量较对照组显著上升(均P<0.05)。结论:母血中miRNA作为新的血清学标志物可以初步应用于筛查胎儿CHD。

A Universal Real-Time Fluorescence qPCR Method for Identifying Epidemic Strains of African Swine Fever Virus

Objective Establishing a highly sensitive real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for universal testing of epidemic African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains. Methods The ASFV p72 gene was targeted to design primer probes covering 24 p72 genotypes. The optimal amount of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for qPCR amplification was determined, Various sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) tests were performed, and clinical samples from China and imported goods were tested. Results The optimal primer-probe combination could specifically detect ASFV, 1.5% DMSO was optimal for qPCR, and LOD reached 3.2 copies/μL with good reproducibility (n = 20, p = 0.369). The method was employed to test 142 clinically suspected samples, of which 30 pig blood and 37 pig tissue samples were ASFV-positive. Moreover, the positive testing rate for ASFV was higher than for the standard qPCR method recommended by the Office International Des Epizooties (OIE), and for the commercially available kit. Thus, our method is superior for testing weakly positive samples with low virus titre, and epidemic strains present in imported goods. Conclusion Our method could be employed for universal testing of epidemic ASFV strains worldwide, ensuring wider coverage of hosts and ASFV strains/endemic strains, reducing false negatives, and benefitting early diagnosis.

同心分注井在线电动验封仪研制及应用

随着油田开发的不断深入,分层注水仍是补充地层能量、实现油田稳产、提高采收率的主要开发方式,原有同心分层注水井验封技术存在仪器定位难、密封件易损坏、验封效率低等问题,采用设计和试验相结合的研究方法,研制了同心分注井在线电动验封仪,并配套测调、验封一体多功能地面控制系统,集成流量、上/下压力等多参数测试技术,实现了一次下井、多层验封测试。试验表明,验封仪的坐卡/解卡性能、胶筒坐封/解封性能、整机承压能力、密封承压能力均能达到要求,现场应用效果良好,有效解决了验封效率不高等问题,提高了分层注水测试效率和合格率,为提升油田精细注水效果提供了可靠的工艺技术。

油田分层测试工艺及数智化技术

为解决油田传统注入井分层测试工艺效率低、精度差和成本高的问题,研究了一种基于油田数智化推进发展的新技术。该技术整合了智能管柱测调技术、预制电缆以及智能配水器和封隔器等技术,实现了对注入井的分层测试过程的自动化和智能化;通过使用由智能管柱组成的多功能装置,实时监测和采集地质资料;借助可视化界面展示测试数据,增强了数据分析和管理的可视化程度;通过远程控制可实时检测和重新设定每层注水量、查看注水层位的压力和温度,以及进行封隔器密封性检测等;井口智能校准自检仪还能定期对井下仪器参数进行重新标定和校准。该技术为智能化测试技术在油田行业的应用提供了新的思路和方向。

缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺的创新应用

缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺以井下智能测调配水器为核心,集成了流量计、控制电路、电机减速器、可调水嘴和封隔器验封等关键技术。通过实时监测和自动测调控制算法,系统能够精确控制各分层配水器水嘴开度,实现对油田分层注水的数字化和网络化管理。此工艺的关键技术涵盖了注水管柱的设计与功能、地面控制器的组成与功能、井下控制装置如智能测调配水器、高精度流量计和一体化可调水嘴的研发与应用,以及供电和通信电缆的密封与保护技术。实践证明,缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺在提高注水效率、降低人工干预、提升注水合格率等方面表现突出,已在多个油田项目中取得显著成效,大幅度降低了生产成本,提高了油田开发效益。